71 Results Found

The paper presents the results of studies of microstructure, mechanical and physicochemical properties of surface layers produced by laser modification of the diffusion boron layer on Monel^® Alloy 400. The diffusion boron layers were produced at...

The Royalloy steel was boronized at 1173, 1223, 1248, 1273 or 1323 K for 1, 3, 5, 7 or 10 h using a Durborid powder mixture. The boronized samples were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and Vickers microhardness testing. The...

In this paper, the relationship between coordination complexes and electrical properties according to the bonding structure of boron and silicon was analyzed to optimize the p–n junction quality for high-efficiency n-type crystalline solar cell...

Hard-coated surfacing of a few micrometers is widely applied to increase the efficiency of tools, e.g., for cutting, forming, and casting applications. Therefore, the base thermodiffusion surface treatment is a practical solution to these issues by h...

The paper presents the study results of laser remelting diffusion boronized layers produced on CT90 tool steel. A diffusion boronized layer was produced at 950 °C in a powder mixture containing boron carbide as a source of boron. A needle-like mi...

The gas boriding process is an appropriate technique used for increasing the hardness and wear resistance of iron and steels. However, the boron halides (e.g., BCl₃, BF₃) are rarely used as a boron source during gas boriding in industry due to the to...

The compound boronizing of H13 steel sample was carried out by adding rare earth CeO₂, and the effects of main parameters of compound boronizing on the properties of the boronizing layer were investigated. The boronizing kinetics were also analyzed....

Bronization and carburization of fine-grain superplastic stainless steel is reviewed, and new experimental results for fine grain Ti_88.5Al_4.5V₃Fe₂Mo₂ are reported. In superplastic duplex stainless steel, the diffusion of carbon and boron is faster th...

Bifacial solar cells are the leading technology, and the number of steps in the manufacturing process influences the processing time and production cost. The goal of this paper is to optimize the boron back surface field (B-BSF) produced with reduced...

The paper presents study results focused on the microstructural, mechanical, and physicochemical properties of B-Cr coatings obtained by means of modification of diffusion borochromized layers by diode laser beam. The studies were conducted on 145Cr6...

Boriding is a widely used thermochemical treatment to improve surface hardness and wear resistance in steels used in demanding mechanical applications. However, boronizing processes using new boron paste increase costs and generate waste, creating a...

Pd/B₄C multilayers with 2.5 nm of d-spacing and thick Si and B₄C capping layers were fabricated to study temporal stability under storage in different environments with relative humidity of 10% and 50%. The two stored samples were investigated using...

This article presents the effect of laser alloying with boron on the surface layer of iron alloys: steel and grey cast iron. The general goal of this review is to specify the main differences that can be expected after this treatment of selected iron...

The influence of alternating current (AC) field on the pack boriding process for medium carbon steel was investigated through characterization of microstructure, phase composition, microhardness, and corrosion resistance of the boride layer and its m...

Pack boriding with CeO₂ was performed on the powder metallurgical (PM) near-α type titanium alloy at a temperature of 1273–1373 K for 5–15 h followed by air cooling. The microstructure analysis showed that the boride layer on the su...

The CoCrFeNiMn high-entropy alloys were treated by powder-pack boriding to improve their surface hardness and wear resistance. The variation of boriding layer thickness with time and temperature was studied. Then, the frequency factor D₀ and diffusio...

Heavily boron-doped silicon layers and boron etch-stop techniques have been widely used in the fabrication of microelectromechanical systems (MEMS). This paper provides an introduction to the fabrication process of nanoscale silicon thermoelectric de...

In this paper, the possibility of applying the electrospark alloying (ESA) method to obtain boron-containing coatings characterised by increased hardness and wear resistance is considered. A new method for producing such coatings is proposed. The met...

S235 low-carbon steel was boronized between 1123 K and 1273 K using a commercial powder mixture (Durborid) to study the formation and growth behavior of boride layers. The type of interface and thickness of the resulting layers were determined with s...

Two kinetic approaches (integral method and Dybkov method) have been applied for simulating the boriding kinetics of AISI M2 steel in the range of 1173 to 1323 K, by including the effect of incubation periods. For the integral method, a peculiar solu...

In this study, the high-temperature molten salt corrosion resistance of bare steels and steels with protective coatings, fabricated by thermal diffusion processes (boronizing, aluminizing and chromizing), were investigated and compared. Surface engin...

(1) Background: Boron-based diffusion layers possess great application potential in forging and die-casting due to their favorable mechanical and thermophysical properties. This research explores the enhanced wear resistance of tungsten hot-work stee...

The titanium matrix composite was produced through a hot compaction process at 1250 °C using the mixture of elemental powders with chemical composition of Ti-5Al-5Mo-5V-3Cr and 2 wt.% addition of boron carbide. The phase analysis via X-ray diffra...

Amorphous boron powder, as a high-energy fuel, is widely used in the energy sector. However, its ignition and combustion difficulties have long limited its performance in propellants, explosives, and pyrotechnics. In this study, Mg/Al-coated boron po...

Due to the characteristics of high energy density and a high calorific value, boron has become a high-energy fuel and shows great potential to be a high-performance candidate for propellants. However, the wide applications of boron are still limited...

In the present work, two mathematical diffusion models have been used to estimate the growth of the iron monoboride and diiron boride coating formed on AISI 420 steel. The boronizing of the steel was carried out with the solid diffusion packing metho...

We present laser-doped interdigitated back contact (IBC) solar cells with efficiencies of 23% on an area of 244 cm² metallized by a screen-printed silver paste. Local laser doping is especially suited for processing IBC cells where a multitude of pn-...

The research results conducted on binderless tungsten carbide (WC) ceramics obtained by spark plasma sintering (SPS) of WC powders with different average particle sizes (95, 800, 3000 nm) are presented. Nonuniform distribution of crystalline phases a...

We investigate low-temperature (<200 °C) plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) for the formation of p–n junctions. Compared to the standard diffusion or implantation processes, silicon growth at low temperature by PECVD ensur...

Downhole heavy oil production and oil sand processing are associated with severe damage and failures of production equipment components, e.g., production tubing and pumping systems, due to erosion-corrosion resulting in processing losses, production...

(1) Background: Boriding is one of the most common methods of thermal-chemical treatment due to its excellent hardness and wear resistance of the produced diffusion layers. However, it has limited application compared to carburizing and nitriding bec...

Austenitic 316L steel is known for its good oxidation resistance and corrosion behavior. However, the poor wear protection is its substantial disadvantage. In this study, laser surface alloying with boron and some metallic elements was used in order...

This study examines the formation of hard layers containing Ni-B and Cr-B on the surface of 80/20 nickel–chromium alloy. The work evaluates the mechanical properties of the boride layers using instrumented nanoindentation. In addition, the grow...

Transient liquid phase (TLP) diffusion bonding of DZ40M cobalt-based superalloy was carried out using a self-made NiCrCoWB intermediate layer. The typical microstructure of the joint was investigated. The effect of holding time on the microstructural...

Hydrogen bubble phenomenon is one of the key issues to be solved in the development of a long-life target system for boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT). In this study, we assessed the kinetic behaviors of H impurities in the nano-composite target f...

Due to the vulnerability of organic optoelectronic devices to moisture and oxygen, thin-film moisture barriers have played a critical role in improving the lifetime of the devices. Here, we propose a hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) embedded Al₂O₃ thin...

Plasma paste boriding was employed in order to produce the boride layers on Nimonic 80A-alloy. The process was carried out at temperatures of 1023 K, 1073 K and 1123 K for 3, 4 and 6 h in a gas mixture of 50% H₂-50% Ar. Borax paste was used as a boro...

Low-Gain Avalanche Diodes (LGADs) are critical sensors for the ATLAS and CMS timing detectors at the High Luminosity Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC), offering enhanced timing resolution with gain factors of 20 to 50. However, their radiation tolerance...

In-situ formation of boron thin films on the Mo(110) surface, as well as the formation of the molybdenum boride and its oxide and the trends of carbon monoxide catalytic oxidation on the substrates formed, have been studied in an ultra-high vacuum (U...

To improve the energy efficiency and driving performance of ionic electroactive polymer actuators, we propose inserting insulating layers of 170 nm hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) particles between the ionic polymer membrane and electrodes. In experim...

In this paper, the performance of low-carbon steel is enhanced after introducing a borocarburized diffusion layer via double glow plasma surface alloying technology. Due to the boron-carbon gradient structure of low-carbon steel, the protective coati...

In this study, we investigated the formation of a protective coating on a face-centered cubic high-entropy alloy (HEA). The coating was formed by a diffusion coating method. In the conventional diffusion coating method, the degradation of the mechani...

The effect of a boronizing and siliciding process on CoCrFeNiHf_0.1–0.42 high entropy alloys was examined in this study. When increasing the amount of added Hf in CoCrFeNiHf_x, the structure of the alloys gradually transformed from single-phase F...

Microstructural evolution and formation mechanism of reaction layer for 22MnB5 steel hot-dipped in Al–10Si (in wt %) alloy was investigated. The microstructural identification of the reaction layer was characterized via transmission electron mi...

The tunnel oxide passivated contact (TOPCon) solar cell utilizes an ultra-thin tunnel oxide layer in its passivation layer structure. The performance difference between TOPCon and passivated emitter and rear cell (PERC) solar cells is obvious due to...

The microstructural evolution of the intermetallic compound (IMC) layer formed on and in boron steel that was hot dipped in an Al–7Ni (wt %) bath at 690 °C for 30–180 s was investigated, and the growth mechanism of the IMC was identified. Except for...

Laser doping of silicon with the help of precursors is well established in photovoltaics. Upon illumination with the constant or pulsed laser beam, the silicon melts and doping atoms from the doping precursor diffuse into the melted silicon. With the...

This study shows that in an atmosphere containing water vapor, the oxide layer on the surface of the 9CrNB steel MarBN (Martensitic 9Cr steel strengthened by Boron and MX Nitrides) was formed by an outer layer of hematite Fe₂O₃ and Cr₂O₃ and an inner...

Microstructure curvature, or buckling, is observed in the micromachining of silicon sensors because of the doping of impurities for realizing certain electrical and mechanical processes. This behavior can be a key source of error in inertial sensors....

The β titanium alloy matrix composite was made from a mixture of elemental metal powders, including boron carbide. During the high-temperature sintering process, in situ synthesis took place as a result of the TiB and TiC reinforcing phases form...