Search Results (35)

This study aims to identify the key destination-related factors associated with tourists’ revisit behavior in peri-urban rural areas within Chinese metropolitan regions in the context of short-video marketing, and to reveal the structural relationships and hierarchical characteristics among these factors. First, the LDA topic model was employed to conduct text mining on authentic tourist-generated comments posted on Douyin, through which the core factors related to revisit behavior were identified and conceptually standardized based on tourists’ expressions. Building on this process, 153 experts in relevant fields were invited to evaluate the direction and strength of the relationships among these factors. An integrated DEMATEL–ISM–MICMAC approach was then applied to analyze their causal attributes, hierarchical structure, and systemic roles. The results indicate that the identified factors do not operate independently but instead form a multilayered structure with clear hierarchical characteristics. Among them, rural visual imagery, escape-oriented experience, rural lifestyle experience, and rural industry integration occupy deeper structural levels and exert relatively strong structural influences on factors located at intermediate and surface levels. The findings further suggest that the sustained attractiveness of rural tourism destinations in metropolitan regions cannot rely solely on short-video exposure or isolated “internet-famous” attractions; rather, it requires coordinated alignment among digital communication content, rural industries, lifestyle experiences, and tourism supply. By integrating tourist-generated content, natural language processing, and expert-based structural assessment, this study extends research on short-video tourism marketing from a systems perspective and provides practical insights for peri-urban rural destinations in Chinese metropolitan regions seeking to optimize the structural configuration of tourism resources, products and services, and marketing communication. Full article

Flower-focused destinations are visually intensive and temporally concentrated, yet the tourism literature treats them through dispersed discussions of gardens, festivals, rural landscapes, destination imagery, and agricultural diversification. This review develops a comparative explanation of how flowering landscapes become tourism resources rather than assuming that scenic quality alone produces durable destination value. An integrative comparative review was undertaken across four analytically contrasting destination–landscape configurations: Japanese cherry blossoms, Provence lavender, Dutch tulips, and Tuscan sunflowers. Literature was identified through targeted searches in Scopus and Google Scholar, citation tracing, and concept-specific follow-up searches, and was organized through a theoretically informed case-level template. Four provisional, overlapping development archetypes are proposed: temporal–ritual festival, sensory–product integration, designed horticultural showcase, and rural-embedded agritourism. A resource–mechanism–outcome (RMO) framework separates floral resources from process-oriented value-creation mechanisms, positive and negative outcomes, enabling capacities, and moderating conditions. It clarifies why similar landscape visibility may support attraction and local value in one setting but crowding, field damage, commodification, or economic leakage in another. The framework provides a transparent basis for destination planning and future empirical testing. Full article

Zhangjiajie National Forest Park, widely associated with the landscapes depicted in Avatar, attracts tourists from around the world and has become an important film tourism destination. Film tourism destinations are not only physical places but also mediated symbolic spaces shaped by cinematic imagery, media memories, and symbolic expectations formed before travel. This study investigates how film tourists transform cinematically mediated expectations into situated engagement during their visits to Zhangjiajie. It adopts a qualitative process design informed by grounded theory and draws on semi-structured interviews with 30 film-aware tourists who had visited Zhangjiajie. The findings show that engagement unfolds through pre-visit cinematic imagination, embodied encounters, cinematic–real-world comparisons, social interpretation, authenticity negotiation, emotional connection, and cultural place-making. The study develops the concept of cinematic-place negotiation to explain how a screen-mediated place is transformed into a lived place through tourists’ comparison, verification, revision, and extension of media-shaped expectations. Full article

Spatial imagery (SI) provides an important framework for understanding how rural spatial transformation affects residents’ spatial cognition and supports sustainable rural planning. However, existing studies have mainly examined static spatial sections, with limited attention to longitudinal changes in residents’ SI, especially in micro-community spaces. This study takes Naobao village as a case and uses cognitive maps (CMs) and interviews to compare residents’ CM drawing processes, SI elements, and SI structures between the old and new villages. The results show that: (1) The old village follows a point-and-line-to-area CM drawing pattern, while the new village shows an area-oriented pattern from local areas to the whole. (2) In terms of SI elements, districts and paths dominate in the old village, whereas districts and landmarks are more prominent in the new village. (3) Regarding SI structure, the old village is mainly characterised by sequential CMs with relatively higher-level structures, while the new village is dominated by spatial CMs with relatively lower-level structures. This study developed a three-dimensional SI framework within the context of rural spatial transformation, which expands the theoretical framework and applicability of the SI model and provides guidance for spatial planning, community renewal, and sustainable development in similar rural tourism destinations. Full article

Urban heat island effects increasingly challenge pedestrian mobility by intensifying thermal stress and reducing the attractiveness of walking during hot periods. However, most pedestrian routing systems still prioritize distance or travel time, while environmental conditions such as heat exposure and shade are rarely incorporated into operational route generation. Existing comfort-aware approaches often rely on static maps, simulated microclimatic indicators, or descriptive greenery measures, limiting their direct integration into user-configurable pedestrian navigation. This study develops a thermal comfort-aware pedestrian routing framework that integrates heterogenic data sources including observed land surface temperature, pedestrian-perspective tree-canopy coverage, and network distance into a unified multi-criteria pathfinding model. The workflow proceeds in four steps: first, airborne thermal imagery is processed to derive a high-resolution land surface temperature layer; second, Google Street View images are sampled at street-segment locations and segmented using SegFormer to extract visible tree-canopy coverage; third, both environmental indicators are aggregated to a cleaned pedestrian network; and fourth, normalized distance, temperature, and canopy attributes are combined through a user-adjustable edge-cost formulation and solved using Dijkstra’s algorithm. The framework is implemented as an operational web-based routing tool for the historic center of Clermont-Ferrand, France. The routable graph includes 551 nodes and 796 edges, with 600 segments carrying GSV-derived canopy information and 623 segments carrying airborne-derived LST values. Across the network, we observed LST ranges from 19.5 °C to 39.1 °C, while canopy coverage ranged from 0 to 70.6%. For a representative origin–destination pair, the coolest route reduces average LST by nearly 5 °C and almost triples canopy coverage compared with the shortest path, although at the cost of a 72% longer distance. These results demonstrate that the framework can generate interpretable comfort–efficiency trade-offs and support user-comfort pathfinding as an operational approach for heat-resilient pedestrian navigation. Full article

Although generative artificial intelligence (AI) has increasingly been used to create destination marketing images, tourists’ responses to such images remain unclear. Prior research has often attributed negative reactions to the visual characteristics of AI-generated images. However, limited attention has been paid to how tourists interpret these images within broader cultural contexts. Drawing on authenticity theory and cultural learning theory, this research examines the effect of image type (AI vs. human) on tourists’ perceived authenticity and visit intention, as well as the moderating roles of cultural learning cues in this process. Using three experiments, the results show that AI-generated images reduce perceived authenticity and visit intention compared with images taken by humans. Notably, while salient cultural learning cues enhance tourists’ perceived authenticity and visit intentions, different types of cues produce distinct outcomes: commodified cultural cues mitigate tourists’ negative responses to AI-generated images, whereas heritage cultural cues amplify authenticity concerns. These findings provide strategic insights for destination marketers on how to deploy AI-generated images effectively in tourism destination marketing. Full article

As essential components of the natural environment, urban green and blue spaces (UGBSs) hold significant potential to enhance public health and wellbeing. However, existing research is limited in understanding the spatiotemporal heterogeneity and nonlinear relationships characterizing how built environment (BE) features of UGBSs influence public happiness. This study takes Nanjing, China as a case study. It integrates multisource data (e.g., social media text, remote-sensing imagery, POI data, land use, etc.) and employs machine learning techniques (including sentiment analysis and random forest), to investigate the nonlinear effects and spatiotemporal dynamics of UGBSs’ BE on public happiness. The results show that nonlinear relationships (e.g., S-shaped and inverted U-shaped) commonly exist between UGBSs’ BE indicators and happiness. The influence of UGBSs’ BE on happiness demonstrates significant spatiotemporal dynamics. Diversity and destination accessibility were dominant factors from 2021 to 2023, whereas the importance of the design and density dimensions increased substantially after 2023. The influence varied across UGBS types; except for the diversity dimension, the BE’s density, design, and destination accessibility were significantly associated with happiness across all UGBS types. The study offers empirical evidence to inform planning and management of UGBS infrastructure, with the aim to maximize public health benefits and foster healthy cities. Full article

Online reviews are widely used to evaluate tourism performance, but it remains unclear whether platform ratings adequately reflect the underlying tourist experience. This study uses 67,744 cleaned Ctrip reviews from 112 A-level scenic spots in Liaoning Province, China, to examine what online reviews reveal beyond conventional satisfaction metrics. The final analytical sample comprises 106 threshold-qualified attractions with at least 100 reviews, supplemented by six highly reviewed sub-attractions that were listed separately on the platform but belonged to officially recognized A-level scenic systems. We combine topic modelling, sentiment analysis, and a rating–sentiment analytical framework to identify experiential dimensions, emotional patterns, and attraction-level sentiment risk. The results reveal a five-dimensional structure of tourist experience, including accessibility and ticketing, natural landscape imagery, cultural heritage interpretation, service-process quality, and overall affective appraisal. Positive sentiment is concentrated in landscape, heritage, and holistic appraisal themes, whereas negative sentiment is more prominent in accessibility and service-process dimensions. Quadrant-based analysis further shows that favourable ratings may coexist with relatively negative textual sentiment, suggesting that platform ratings and review-text sentiment do not fully converge. To extend review-level evidence to the attraction level, the study develops an attraction-level sentiment-risk indicator that captures the concentration of sentiment-negative reviews within each scenic spot. The findings suggest that online reviews function as a dual-channel evaluative system and can support sustainable destination management through more sensitive monitoring of operational friction and experiential risk. Full article

Urban mobility is a central challenge for sustainable and inclusive cities, as climate change, congestion, and spatial inequality increasingly reveal mobility patterns as expressions of deeper social and spatial structures. Inclusive urban mobility examines whether transport systems equitably support the everyday movements and accessibility needs of historically marginalized and underserved populations. The integration of artificial intelligence with geographic information science, combined with multimodal geospatial data fusion, provides powerful tools to diagnose and address these disparities by integrating heterogeneous data sources such as satellite imagery, GPS trajectories, transit records, volunteered geographic information, and social sensing data into scalable, high-resolution urban mobility analytics. This paper presents a systematic survey of recent GeoAI studies that fuse multiple geospatial data modalities for key urban mobility tasks, including accessibility mapping, demand forecasting, and origin–destination flow prediction, with particular emphasis on inclusive and equity-oriented applications. The review examines 18 multimodal GeoAI studies identified through a PRISMA-ScR screening process from 57 candidate publications between 2019 and 2025. The survey synthesizes methodological trends across data-, feature-, and decision-level fusion strategies, highlights the growing use of deep learning architectures, and examines emerging techniques such as knowledge graphs, federated learning, and explainable AI that support equity-relevant insights across diverse urban contexts. Building on this synthesis, the review identifies persistent gaps in population coverage, multimodal integration, equity optimization, explainability, validation, and governance, which currently constrain the inclusiveness and robustness of GeoAI applications in urban mobility research. To address these challenges, the paper proposes a structured research roadmap linking these gaps to concrete methodological and governance directions including equity-aware loss functions, adaptive multimodal fusion pipelines, participatory and human-in-the-loop workflows, and urban data trusts to better align multimodal GeoAI with the goals of inclusive, just, and sustainable urban mobility systems. Full article

Northeast China has undergone large-scale cultivation of agricultural land, accompanied by internal restructuring of paddy fields and rain-fed farmland. Such a land change process has an obvious impact on the ecosystem. However, the quantitative effects of long-term cultivation of land/internal structure on the eco-environment are still lacking in the Heilongjiang region, China’s ecological barrier and grain base. To address this academic issue, the integrated method of land update technology, dynamic tracking, remote sensing classification, and improved ecosystem services were applied using satellite imagery and land products. Through satellite monitoring, the area of cultivated land changed from 127,221.71 to 173,665.12 km², with an increment of 46,443.41 km², expanding the central–northern parts and the eastern part over the past half-century. In different regions, all cities have undergone varying degrees of reclamation rate expansion ranging 0.71–29.62%. Regarding the structure, a quarter of the study area was covered by rain-fed farmland (25.29%), but the cultivation level of paddy fields (2.83%) was very low in 1970; after that, only a 13.08% increment in rain-fed farmland but a high increase of 246.14% in paddy fields was monitored from 1970 to 2020. Meanwhile, the source area of cultivated land was 59,271.48 km², with 60.41% from forest and grassland of the agricultural-forestry ecotone. Its destination area was 12,827.11 km², and 78.49% of the total was converted to construction land, forest, and grassland. From 1970 to 2020, the evaluated ecosystem service changed from 15,575.87 to 12,495.72 × 10⁸ yuan, showing a total loss of 3080.15 × 10⁸ yuan and an annual turnover rate of 0.40%. An important calculation indicated that the expansion and shrinkage of cultivated land led to a 2303.46 × 10⁸ yuan loss, which means that three-quarters (i.e., 74.78%) of ecosystem service loss was caused by cultivated land changes. Another key finding was that a large transformation of wetland into paddy fields brought about the huge loss of 847.85 × 10⁸ yuan; by contrast, the process of extensive rain-fed farmland turning into paddy fields was only a small change of 3.38 × 10⁸ yuan. Considering the ecological loss caused by cultivated land, the projects of returning farmland to forests and wetland protection should be implemented. This study provided important references for land system monitoring and environmental impact assessment in high-latitude regions around the world. Full article

People increasingly rely on photographs shared by others when deciding where to travel. Although human presence in such images is prevalent and often assumed to enhance place appeal, little research has examined whether it might also produce unintended drawbacks. Drawing on the theoretical perspective of groundedness, this research proposes that depicting people in place photographs can undermine viewers’ sense of being psychologically anchored to the place, thereby reducing perceived attractiveness. Across one field study and three controlled experiments, we find consistent evidence that human presence lowers place attractiveness by diminishing feelings of groundedness. This effect emerges in cultural but not natural landscapes and cannot be explained by alternative mechanisms such as psychological ownership. By introducing groundedness as a novel psychological mechanism, this research advances understanding of how human presence in imagery shapes individuals’ affective and evaluative responses to destinations. Full article

Tourism is increasingly shaped by visual experiences of place mediated through television series and audiovisual fiction. Although film-induced tourism research has widely examined how media representations influence destination image and tourist responses, limited attention has been given to the perceptual and cognitive processes through which mediated landscapes are visually attended to and mentally organised, particularly from a neuroaesthetic perspective focused on early perceptual and attentional mechanisms in fictional contexts where tourism is not explicit. Addressing this gap, this study adopts a process-oriented neuroaesthetic approach to examine how landscapes in the television series Killing Eve are visually attended to and cognitively processed as destination imagery. An exploratory mixed-methods design combined qualitative content analysis of free recall responses (n = 260) with simulated visual attention modelling based on low-level visual features. The findings reveal a two-stage process of mediated landscape experience: visual attention initially guided by perceptual salience, followed by the selective cognitive stabilisation of certain elements as destination imagery through recall, imagination and narrative association. The study demonstrates that mediated landscapes are not processed as holistic destination images, but as selectively organised and emotionally inflected elements emerging from the interaction between visual attention and imagery processes. Full article

Background: Research on spatial imagery as perceived by humans is an important frontier for deepening the theoretical understanding of Tourism Destination Image and promoting sustainable urban development. Significance: This study, from the perspective of tourists, explores the correlation mechanism between the cognitive image and affective image of urban space. This is of great significance for enhancing the overall spatial quality of cities, promoting the integration of the man–land relationship, and driving the sustainable development of tourism. Method: In this study, we took Harbin as the case site, collected 89,375 reviews and 23,561 review images of 488 scenic spots on the Mafengwo and Ctrip platforms, and constructed a multimodal dataset. We classified the image scenes with the help of the Places365-CNN model. We then extracted text emotional features by utilizing the SnowNLP deep learning algorithm. We constructed a map of the spatial influence mechanism acting on cognitive image and emotion through MGWR. Results: The experimental results showed that in the level of Pleasure, the five indicators NHS, HPA, RPA, PDS and WRV had significant spatial correlations with urban sentiment. In the level of Arousal, the three indicators PD, MaSD and WRV showed significant spatial characteristics. Conclusions: This study reveals the influence mechanism of urban spatial perception elements on tourists’ emotions. It not only deepens the understanding of the Tourism Destination Image theory, but also provides a practical path based on the optimization of perception scenarios for the improvement of urban space, which has important implications for regional sustainable development. Full article

This article examines the eschatological dimension of the sermons of François Le Picart (1504–1556), a prominent Parisian preacher and a precursor who established the codes that enabled the gradual maturation of a theophanic tension of violence in which human beings were destined to become its instruments. Through a close reading of his sermon collections, this study analyzes how Le Picart interwove Pauline soteriology, divine love, repentance, and apocalyptic imagery to construct a moral and affective pedagogy. His eschatological language—linking love with fear and salvation with punishment—transformed anxiety about the end times into a form of spiritual yet emotional collective mobilization. By associating divine justice with anti-heretical rhetoric, Le Picart’s preaching turned theology into an instrument for defending both faith and social order. This article situates his sermons within the broader Catholic renewal of sixteenth-century France, highlighting the imagery and rhetoric of eschatology as key components of early modern anti-Protestant propaganda prior to the religious wars. Full article

Sustainable tourism requires balancing environmental protection, social equity, and economic viability, yet its effective promotion depends on communication strategies that genuinely capture travelers’ attention. Despite growing emphasis on ecological responsibility in marketing, little is known about how sustainability-related content in tourism advertising is actually perceived. This study addresses this gap by examining visual attention to eco-oriented elements in promotional materials through eye-tracking technology. The research aimed to identify whether ecological certifications, slogans, and related cues attract attention and influence consumer choices, and to assess how these processes are moderated by individual ecological awareness. An experimental design was conducted with 23 young adults (aged 18–22) who viewed three tourism offers differing in their degree of sustainability messaging. Eye movements were recorded with the Gazepoint GP3 HD eye-tracker, focusing on predefined Areas of Interest (AOIs), including ecological certificates, pricing, and imagery. Heatmaps and fixation metrics were complemented by a post-exposure questionnaire. The results indicate that visually dominant components such as destination images and pricing consistently attracted the most attention, while sustainability cues were noticed but rarely prioritized. Participants with higher ecological awareness actively sought and recalled these elements, highlighting the moderating role of intrinsic motivation. The study contributes to both sustainable tourism and neuromarketing research by demonstrating how ecological values interact with perceptual behavior. Practically, it shows that eye-tracking can guide the optimal placement and design of sustainability cues in advertising. The exploratory nature and small, homogeneous sample are acknowledged as limitations, but they provide a valuable foundation for future large-scale studies. Full article