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13 pages, 1362 KiB  
Article
Results of a Multidisciplinary Stepwise Protocol to Treat Chronic Refractory Kidney-Related Pain
by Paul Geertsema, Ron T. Gansevoort, Benjamin H. J. Doornweerd, Robbert J. de Haas, Joke M. Perdok, Stijn Roemeling, Ruud Stellema, André P. Wolff and Niek F. Casteleijn
J. Clin. Med. 2025, 14(16), 5623; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14165623 - 8 Aug 2025
Viewed by 277
Abstract
Background: Kidney-related pain can be chronic, disabling and negatively impact quality of life. In this prospective case series, we assessed whether a stepwise multidisciplinary treatment protocol, originally developed to treat ADPKD-related pain, can provide significant pain relief in non-ADPKD patients with kidney-related [...] Read more.
Background: Kidney-related pain can be chronic, disabling and negatively impact quality of life. In this prospective case series, we assessed whether a stepwise multidisciplinary treatment protocol, originally developed to treat ADPKD-related pain, can provide significant pain relief in non-ADPKD patients with kidney-related pain. Methods: Patients were eligible if they had incapacitating kidney-related pain with a visual analogue scale (VAS) score ≥50 out of 100, lasting ≥3 months and with insufficient response to previous treatments. The main exclusion criterion was ADPKD. Treatment options were, in order when indicated, nonpharmacological treatments, analgesics, cyst aspiration and fenestration, nerve blocks and nephrectomy. The effect of treatment on pain was investigated by means of VAS scores, defined daily dose of pain medication and quality-of-life scores. Results: Twelve patients (67% female, median age 50 [IQR: 36–59] years), with a median duration of pain of 1.9 [1.0–4.7] years, were included. In 50% of cases, chronic pain remained after an acute episode of kidney stones. Median follow-up after treatment was 3.8 [IQR: 2.5–4.4] years. The VAS before treatment (70 (48–90)) was reduced at short-term (35 [28–53], p = 0.01) and long-term follow-up (40 [38–53], p = 0.01). In addition, the defined daily dose of both opioids and non-opioids was reduced at short-term follow-up (p = 0.04 and 0.04, respectively) as well as at long-term follow-up (p = 0.03 and p = 0.02, respectively). Conclusions: We found that our multidisciplinary treatment protocol is effective in achieving sustained pain relief as well as a reduction in the use of pain medication in non-ADPKD patients with chronic, refractory kidney-related pain. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Nephrology & Urology)
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16 pages, 1668 KiB  
Article
A Comparative Evaluation of Surgical Techniques Applied in Lumbar Synovial Cysts in Accordance with the Literature
by Mustafa Emre Sarac and Zeki Boga
Diagnostics 2025, 15(14), 1767; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics15141767 - 13 Jul 2025
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 476
Abstract
Background/Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare the clinical outcomes of cyst excision alone and the combination of excision and unilateral dynamic instrumentation in the surgical treatment of lumbar synovial cysts at the L4–L5 level and to determine which surgical approach [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare the clinical outcomes of cyst excision alone and the combination of excision and unilateral dynamic instrumentation in the surgical treatment of lumbar synovial cysts at the L4–L5 level and to determine which surgical approach is more effective. Methods: Thirty-three patients who underwent operations on the L4–L5-level synovial cyst in a single center between January 2015 and January 2021 were included in this retrospective study. Patients were divided into two groups: cyst excision only (n = 18) and excision with unilateral dynamic instrumentation (n = 15). The pain levels of the patients were assessed by VAS score, and their functional status was assessed by the Oswestry Disability Index. The mean follow-up period was 28.2 ± 4.0 months in the excision group and 27.6 ± 4.4 months in the instrumentation group. Results: VAS and ODI scores improved significantly in both groups (p < 0.001). The improvement in low back pain VAS scores was more significant in the instrumentation group (delta VAS: −5.8 ± 1.3 vs. −5.0 ± 1.2, p = 0.042). The complication rate was 27.8% in the excision group and 13.3% in the instrumentation group. The development of listhesis was significantly more frequent in the excision group (16.7% vs. 0%, p = 0.028). Reoperation rates were 16.7% in the excision group and 6.7% in the instrumentation group. Conclusion: Although both surgical approaches are effective in the treatment of synovial cysts at the L4–L5 level, the addition of dynamic instrumentation unilaterally seems to be more advantageous, especially in the control of low back pain and prevention of listhesis risk. The choice of surgical technique should be individualized by considering patient-specific factors. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diagnosis and Management of Spinal Diseases)
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28 pages, 2589 KiB  
Systematic Review
Histology and Immunohistochemistry of Adipose Tissue: A Scoping Review on Staining Methods and Their Informative Value
by Tom Schimanski, Rafael Loucas, Marios Loucas, Oliver Felthaus, Vanessa Brébant, Silvan Klein, Alexandra Anker, Konstantin Frank, Andreas Siegmund, Andrea Pagani, Sebastian Geis, Sophia Theresa Diesch, Andreas Eigenberger and Lukas Prantl
Cells 2025, 14(12), 898; https://doi.org/10.3390/cells14120898 - 14 Jun 2025
Viewed by 1386
Abstract
Background: Histological and immunohistochemical analyses of adipose tissue are essential for evaluating the quality and functionality of lipoaspirates in regenerative medicine and fat grafting procedures. These methods provide insights into tissue viability, cellular subtypes, and extracellular matrix (ECM) composition—all factors influencing graft retention [...] Read more.
Background: Histological and immunohistochemical analyses of adipose tissue are essential for evaluating the quality and functionality of lipoaspirates in regenerative medicine and fat grafting procedures. These methods provide insights into tissue viability, cellular subtypes, and extracellular matrix (ECM) composition—all factors influencing graft retention and clinical outcomes. Purpose: This scoping review aims to summarize the most commonly used staining methods and their applications in the histology and immunohistochemistry of adipose tissue. By exploring qualitative and quantitative markers, we seek to guide researchers in selecting the appropriate methodologies for addressing experimental and translational research. Methods: A systematic search was conducted using PubMed, Ovid, and the Cochrane Library databases from inception to 2024, employing Boolean operators (“lipoaspirate” OR “fat graft” OR “gauze rolling” OR “decantation” OR “coleman fat” OR “celt” OR “nanofat” OR “lipofilling” OR “human fat” AND “histol*”). Studies were included if they utilized histology or immunohistochemistry on undigested human adipose tissue or its derivatives. The inclusion criteria focused on peer-reviewed, English-language studies reporting quantitative and qualitative data on adipose tissue markers. Results: Out of 166 studies analyzed, hematoxylin–eosin (H&E) was the most frequently employed histological stain (152 studies), followed by Masson Trichrome and Sudan III. Immunohistochemical markers such as CD31, CD34, and perilipin were extensively used to distinguish stromal vascular fraction (SVF) cells, adipocytes, and inflammatory processes. Studies employing semiquantitative scoring demonstrated enhanced comparability, particularly for fibrosis, necrosis, and oil cyst evaluation. Quantitative analyses focused on SVF cell density, mature adipocyte integrity, and ECM composition. Methodological inconsistencies, particularly in preparation protocols, were observed in 25 studies. Conclusions: This review highlights the critical role of histological and immunohistochemical methods in adipose tissue research. H&E staining remains the cornerstone for general tissue evaluation in the clinical context, while specialized stains and immunohistochemical markers allow for detailed analyses of specific cellular and ECM components in experimental research. Standardizing preparation and evaluation protocols will enhance interstudy comparability and support advancements in adipose tissue-based therapies. Full article
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13 pages, 3865 KiB  
Article
Spinal Arachnoid Cysts: A Single-Center Preliminary Surgical Experience with a Rare and Challenging Disease
by Alessio Iacoangeli, Love Chibuzor Ilochonwu, Giulia Mazzanti, Gabriele Polonara, Lauredana Ercolani, Alessandra Marini, Michele Luzi, Roberto Trignani, Stefano Bruni, Edoardo Barboni, Maurizio Gladi, Maurizio Iacoangeli and Denis Aiudi
J. Pers. Med. 2025, 15(6), 234; https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm15060234 - 5 Jun 2025
Viewed by 1222
Abstract
Background: Spinal arachnoid cyst development (SAC) is a rare and debilitating disease with a non-well-defined treatment strategy: a series of five patients diagnosed with SAC and submitted to neurosurgical treatment was retrospectively analyzed. Objectives: SACs represent 1–2% of all spinal neoplasms; they [...] Read more.
Background: Spinal arachnoid cyst development (SAC) is a rare and debilitating disease with a non-well-defined treatment strategy: a series of five patients diagnosed with SAC and submitted to neurosurgical treatment was retrospectively analyzed. Objectives: SACs represent 1–2% of all spinal neoplasms; they can be extradural, intradural, or intramedullary, with intradural arachnoid cysts (IDACs) comprising only 10% of these cases. The rarity of SACs and the lack of consensus on the best treatment strategies represent a care challenge: the aim of this study is to explore the effectiveness and outcomes of the neurosurgical management in patients with SACs treated at our institution. Methods: Adult patients who underwent surgical treatment for SACs between January 2020 and December 2023 were included in the study: clinical onset, imaging, surgical technique, and neurological long-term status were retrospectively analyzed. Results: Five patients (three males, two females; average age 53.4 years) were included. The most common symptoms described were paresthesia, gait disturbances, and back pain. Radiological imaging indicated that most cysts were at the thoracic level. Surgical interventions primarily involved cyst resection and adhesiolysis. Post-operative outcomes showed overall improvement or stability in Karnofsky Performance Status (KPS) and American Spinal Injury Association Impairment Scale (ASIA) scores in the majority of cases, although complications and recurrences occurred. Conclusions: Surgical resection combined with adhesiolysis may prevent the worsening of neurological impairment and potentially improve pain control and clinical outcomes in patients with SACs. However, careful and tailored management is required due to the high potential of complications and recurrences. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Personalized Therapy and Drug Delivery)
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16 pages, 1355 KiB  
Systematic Review
Investigation of Pre- and Postnatal Abnormalities Caused by Prenatal CMV Infection—Systematic Review
by Virág Bartek and Artur Beke
Children 2025, 12(5), 607; https://doi.org/10.3390/children12050607 - 6 May 2025
Viewed by 625
Abstract
Background/Objectives: CMV (cytomegalovirus) is associated with several developmental disorders. The incidence of congenital cytomegalovirus infection is around 1%, depending on the region. Previous prospective studies have shown that certain ultrasound findings are predictive factors for prenatal CMV infection. Methods: During this systematic review, [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: CMV (cytomegalovirus) is associated with several developmental disorders. The incidence of congenital cytomegalovirus infection is around 1%, depending on the region. Previous prospective studies have shown that certain ultrasound findings are predictive factors for prenatal CMV infection. Methods: During this systematic review, we searched PubMed and Embas. Out of 569 results, 19 met our search criteria (we included cases where prenatally positive amniocentesis PCR for CMV was performed or autopsy confirmed the CMV diagnosis). A total of 237 cases were reported from 19 studies. Results: In 64 cases, abortion or perinatal death occurred. The most common prenatal abnormalities were small for gestational age (n = 47), ventriculomegaly (n = 51), and hyperechogenic bowels (n = 39). A subependymal cyst was the most common prenatal MRI abnormality (n = 20). Hearing loss was observed in 61 cases (42 mild, 19 severe). Among prenatal signs, we found a correlation between hearing loss and ventriculomegaly (Fisher’s exact test, p = 0.0052). The most common neurological complication was speech delay. We were able to demonstrate a prenatal association with neurological complications and subependymal cyst (Fisher’s exact test, p = 0.00003547), but this pattern could only be reliably seen with MRI. Conclusions: In prenatally diagnosed CMV infection, ultrasound signals may be suitable for estimating the outcome. Conducting a prospective study and establishing a score would be worthwhile for its clinical application. In cases of ultrasound abnormalities and suspicion of CMV, it is worth performing a prenatal MRI, even in everyday practice. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Prenatal Diagnosis and Their Impact on Neonatal Outcomes)
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15 pages, 2454 KiB  
Article
Metformin Use and Clinical Outcomes in Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease: A Nationwide Cohort Study
by I-Ching Kuo, Ming-Yen Lin, Yu-Hsiang Tsao, Yi-Wen Chiu and Jia-Jung Lee
Biomedicines 2025, 13(3), 635; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines13030635 - 5 Mar 2025
Viewed by 1431
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is a progressive genetic disorder marked by bilateral renal cysts and extrarenal manifestations, ultimately resulting in renal failure. Emerging research indicates that metformin might influence the intracellular mechanisms of ADPKD, though its clinical significance remains [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is a progressive genetic disorder marked by bilateral renal cysts and extrarenal manifestations, ultimately resulting in renal failure. Emerging research indicates that metformin might influence the intracellular mechanisms of ADPKD, though its clinical significance remains uncertain. Methods: We applied the Taiwan National Health Insurance Database (NHIRD) to investigate the clinical impact of metformin utilization in ADPKD patients in real-world practice. The metformin user group was defined by more than 90 days of usage. To mitigate selection bias, we established a non-user group with a 1:2 ratio, matching for age, sex, and comorbidities by a propensity score matching method. Results: A total of 10,222 ADPKD cases were identified in the NHIRD between 2009 and 2018. After matching, the metformin user group was composed of 778 cases with a mean age of 59.5 ± 13.9 years, and the non-user group of 1546 cases with a mean age of 59.3 ± 14.4 years. The time from the index date to the outcome of ESKD in ADPKD was 5.3 ± 2.2 years in the metformin user group and 5.3 ± 2.3 years in the metformin non-user group, respectively. The metformin user group exhibited a significant reduction in the risk of end-stage kidney disease (ESKD), as indicated in the fully adjusted model (0.75, 95% CI 0.58–0.97, p = 0.03). A decreased risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) was noted in metformin users, with an adjusted hazard ratio (HR) of 0.78 (95% CI 0.65–0.95, p = 0.01). Sensitivity analysis showed similar results by excluding late-stage CKD (CKD stage 5 or erythropoietin-stimulating agents use). Conclusions: Metformin usage in real-world practice showed lower hazards of ESKD and MACEs in patients with ADPKD, except for those with advanced CKD. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Endocrinology and Metabolism Research)
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32 pages, 1456 KiB  
Article
A Study on Staging Cystic Echinococcosis Using Machine Learning Methods
by Tuvshinsaikhan Tegshee, Temuulen Dorjsuren, Sungju Lee and Dolgorsuren Batjargal
Bioengineering 2025, 12(2), 181; https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering12020181 - 13 Feb 2025
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1484
Abstract
Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a chronic parasitic disease characterized by slow progression and non-specific clinical symptoms, often leading to delayed diagnosis and treatment. Early and precise diagnosis is crucial for effective treatment, particularly considering the five stages of CE as outlined by the [...] Read more.
Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a chronic parasitic disease characterized by slow progression and non-specific clinical symptoms, often leading to delayed diagnosis and treatment. Early and precise diagnosis is crucial for effective treatment, particularly considering the five stages of CE as outlined by the World Health Organization (WHO). This study explores the development of an advanced system that leverages artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) techniques to classify CE cysts into stages using various imaging modalities, including computed tomography (CT), ultrasound (US), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). A total of ten ML algorithms were evaluated across these datasets, using performance metrics such as accuracy, precision, recall (sensitivity), specificity, and F1 score. These metrics offer diverse criteria for assessing model performance. To address this, we propose a normalization and scoring technique that consolidates all metrics into a final score, allowing for the identification of the best model that meets the desired criteria for CE cyst classification. The experimental results demonstrate that hybrid models, such as CNN+ResNet and Inception+ResNet, consistently outperformed other models across all three datasets. Specifically, CNN+ResNet, selected as the best model, achieved 97.55% accuracy on CT images, 93.99% accuracy on US images, and 100% accuracy on MRI images. This research underscores the potential of hybrid and pre-trained models in advancing medical image classification, providing a promising approach to improving the differential diagnosis of CE disease. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Progress in Biomedical Image Processing and Analysis)
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13 pages, 1398 KiB  
Article
Neurocognitive Safety of Endoscopic Colloid Cyst Resection: Paired Pre- and Post-Operative Cognitive Function from an Exploratory Cohort
by Umberto Tosi, Amanda Sacks-Zimmerman, Francis Michael Villamater, Jessica S. Spat-Lemus, Kenneth Perrine, Mark Souweidane and Heidi Allison Bender
Cancers 2025, 17(3), 416; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers17030416 - 27 Jan 2025
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1200
Abstract
Objective: Resection of colloid cysts, a rare third ventricle pathology, is accepted clinical practice. Owing to their location proximal to deep gray nuclei and forniceal columns, colloid cysts have been theorized to contribute to cognitive decline. Comprehensive pre- and post-operative cognitive testing, however, [...] Read more.
Objective: Resection of colloid cysts, a rare third ventricle pathology, is accepted clinical practice. Owing to their location proximal to deep gray nuclei and forniceal columns, colloid cysts have been theorized to contribute to cognitive decline. Comprehensive pre- and post-operative cognitive testing, however, has rarely been implemented. Methods: We analyzed formal neuropsychological testing performed in 20 patients undergoing endoscopic cyst resection. Pre- and post-operative performance was compared either for each individual patient or according to aggregated neuropsychological factor scores grouped via expert census. A change in performance was deemed significant if (i) it reached statistical significance and (ii) was greater than 1.5 pre-operative standard deviations. Results: Twenty patients with colloid cysts (average diameter 13.3 ± 1.3 mm) underwent matched pre- and post-operative testing. No patient had a significant change in cognitive performance. Neurocognitive metrics assessing cognitive functions typically subsumed by the temporal (p = 0.35), extratemporal (p = 0.20), occipitoparietal (p = 0.31), or frontal lobes (p = 0.11) did not change post-operatively. Similarly, no differences emerged when factor scores were generated according to composite scores of different neurocognitive domains: attention (p = 0.32), executive function (p = 0.14), language (p = 0.98), and visuospatial function (p = 0.42). Conclusions: Neuropsychological testing allows for the careful monitoring of cognitive status before and after surgery and for the identification of patients who may benefit from pre- and post-operative cognitive rehabilitation. It should also be used as a valuable surgical psychometric marker and adjuvant. No significant cognitive decline was observed in this cohort. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Cancer Survivorship and Quality of Life)
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11 pages, 768 KiB  
Article
Medial Open-Wedge High Tibial Osteotomy with Partial Meniscectomy and Without Cyst Excision for Popliteal Cysts: A Case Series
by Kang-Il Kim and Jun-Ho Kim
Biomedicines 2025, 13(1), 215; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines13010215 - 16 Jan 2025
Viewed by 936
Abstract
Introduction: Popliteal cysts (PCs) are occasionally accompanied by knee osteoarthritis (OA) and varus malalignment. However, whether concomitant arthroscopic excision of PCs with medial open-wedge high tibial osteotomy (MOWHTO) improves the osteoarthritic environment remains unclear. Therefore, this study assessed serial changes in C-size, medial [...] Read more.
Introduction: Popliteal cysts (PCs) are occasionally accompanied by knee osteoarthritis (OA) and varus malalignment. However, whether concomitant arthroscopic excision of PCs with medial open-wedge high tibial osteotomy (MOWHTO) improves the osteoarthritic environment remains unclear. Therefore, this study assessed serial changes in C-size, medial meniscus extrusion (MME), and cartilage status for up to 2 years following an MOWHTO. Methods: This study retrospectively used serial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) evaluations to assess 26 consecutive patients who underwent MOWHTO. Of the 26 patients, six with preoperative PCs were included. Based on the arthroscopic findings at the time of the MOWHTO, concomitant meniscal and chondral lesions, and whether or not partial meniscectomy was performed, were evaluated. All patients underwent second-look arthroscopy with plate removal 2 years postoperatively. The PC size, MME, and cartilage sub-scores in the medial compartment of the whole-organ MRI score (WORMS) were assessed by serial MRI preoperatively and at 3, 6, 18, and 24 months postoperatively. The recurrence of PCs and clinical outcomes, including the Rauschning–Lindgren grade, were also evaluated when serial MRI was performed. Moreover, changes in cartilage status were assessed using two-stage arthroscopy. Results: All patients underwent concomitant partial meniscectomy for medial meniscal tears in the posterior horn. A significant decrease in the mean size of preoperative PCs (27.4 ± 22.3 mm) was noted from 3 months postoperatively (8.7 ± 7.6 mm, p = 0.018), and thereafter. The mean size of PCs further decreased with time until 2 years (1.5 ± 4.0 mm, p = 0.018) following an MOWHTO with partial meniscectomy. Moreover, significant improvements in the MME and WORMS values were noted from 3 to 24 months postoperatively. Meanwhile, no PC recurrence occurred during the follow-up period and the preoperative Rauschning–Lindgren grade improved significantly with time after MOWHTO (p = 0.026). Furthermore, the two-stage arthroscopic assessments showed significant improvements in ICRS grade in the medial femoral condyle (p = 0.038). Conclusions: After an MOWHTO with partial meniscectomy, PCs decreased with time up to 2 years postoperatively; no recurrence occurred during the follow-up period, although cyst excision was not concomitantly performed. Furthermore, the reduction in PCs corresponded with improvements in MME and chondral lesions in the knee joint following the MOWHTO. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Molecular and Translational Medicine)
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37 pages, 6293 KiB  
Article
KidneyNet: A Novel CNN-Based Technique for the Automated Diagnosis of Chronic Kidney Diseases from CT Scans
by Saleh Naif Almuayqil, Sameh Abd El-Ghany, A. A. Abd El-Aziz and Mohammed Elmogy
Electronics 2024, 13(24), 4981; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics13244981 - 18 Dec 2024
Viewed by 2332
Abstract
This study presents KidneyNet, an innovative computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) system designed to identify chronic kidney diseases (CKDs), such as kidney stones, cysts, and tumors, in CT scans. KidneyNet utilizes a convolutional neural network (CNN) structure consisting of eight convolutional layers, three pooling layers, [...] Read more.
This study presents KidneyNet, an innovative computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) system designed to identify chronic kidney diseases (CKDs), such as kidney stones, cysts, and tumors, in CT scans. KidneyNet utilizes a convolutional neural network (CNN) structure consisting of eight convolutional layers, three pooling layers, a flattening layer, and two fully connected layers. Small filters enhance computational efficiency by reducing the number of parameters and minimizing the risk of overfitting compared to larger filters. The model captures more complex and abstract features as data move through the layers. The initial layers identify basic patterns, while the deeper layers focus on more intricate representations. KidneyNet aims to enhance the efficiency and accuracy of kidney disease diagnosis. Additionally, the model incorporates the gradient-weighted class activation mapping (Grad-CAM) algorithm, which helps to pinpoint affected areas in the scans. This feature improves interpretability, allowing clinicians to identify which regions the model deemed significant for detecting abnormalities such as tumors, cysts, or stones. Through extensive testing on a CT kidney dataset, KidneyNet demonstrated impressive performance metrics, with 99.88% accuracy, 99.92% specificity, 99.76% sensitivity, 99.58% precision, and an F1 score of 99.67%, outperforming existing models. This approach alleviates the diagnostic burden on radiologists and promotes early detection, potentially saving lives. This study highlights the critical role of advanced imaging analysis in addressing kidney conditions and emphasizes KidneyNet’s capability to deliver precise and cost-effective diagnoses. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue AI-Driven Digital Image Processing: Latest Advances and Prospects)
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14 pages, 2254 KiB  
Article
Clinical Feasibility of 5.0 T MRI/MRCP in Characterizing Pancreatic Cystic Lesions: Comparison with 3.0 T and MDCT
by Huijia Zhao, Qiang Xu, Ruichen Gao, Bohui Yin, Gan Sun, Ke Xue, Yuxin Yang, Enhui Li, Liang Zhu, Feng Feng and Wenming Wu
Diagnostics 2024, 14(21), 2457; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics14212457 - 2 Nov 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1261
Abstract
Objectives: To assess the feasibility of 5.0 T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in characterizing pancreatic cystic lesions (PCLs), compared with 3.0 T MRI and multidetector computed tomography (MDCT). Methods: Thirty-five patients with PCLs underwent 5.0 T MR alongside 3.0 T MR or MDCT. [...] Read more.
Objectives: To assess the feasibility of 5.0 T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in characterizing pancreatic cystic lesions (PCLs), compared with 3.0 T MRI and multidetector computed tomography (MDCT). Methods: Thirty-five patients with PCLs underwent 5.0 T MR alongside 3.0 T MR or MDCT. Two observers measured subjective and objective image quality scores. The consistency of two observers between 5.0 T and 3.0 T was calculated by intraclass correlation coefficients. The characteristics of PCLs and their specific diagnosis, as well as benignity/malignancy, were evaluated across MDCT, 3.0 T, and 5.0 T MRI. Results: The 5.0 T MR demonstrated significantly higher subjective image quality and SNR on T1WI compared to that in 3.0 T MR (p < 0.05). The 5.0 T MRI identified more cyst lesions than the 3.0 T MRI (40 and 32) and MDCT (82 and 56). The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy for differentiating benign from malignant lesions with 5.0 T MRI (75%, 100%, and 91.4%, respectively) surpassed those of 3.0 T MRI and MDCT. The accuracy of the specific diagnosis of PCLs at 5.0 T MRI (80%) was superior to 3.0 T MRI and MDCT. Conclusions: 5.0 T MRI exhibits certain superiority in delineating details of PCLs and in clinical diagnostic accuracy, outperforming MDCT and 3.0 T MRI while maintaining sufficient image quality. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diagnosis of Pancreatic Diseases)
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12 pages, 5572 KiB  
Article
Segment Anything in Optical Coherence Tomography: SAM 2 for Volumetric Segmentation of Retinal Biomarkers
by Mikhail Kulyabin, Aleksei Zhdanov, Andrey Pershin, Gleb Sokolov, Anastasia Nikiforova, Mikhail Ronkin, Vasilii Borisov and Andreas Maier
Bioengineering 2024, 11(9), 940; https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering11090940 - 19 Sep 2024
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 3650
Abstract
Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a non-invasive imaging technique widely used in ophthalmology for visualizing retinal layers, aiding in the early detection and monitoring of retinal diseases. OCT is useful for detecting diseases such as age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and diabetic macular edema [...] Read more.
Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a non-invasive imaging technique widely used in ophthalmology for visualizing retinal layers, aiding in the early detection and monitoring of retinal diseases. OCT is useful for detecting diseases such as age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and diabetic macular edema (DME), which affect millions of people globally. Over the past decade, the area of application of artificial intelligence (AI), particularly deep learning (DL), has significantly increased. The number of medical applications is also rising, with solutions from other domains being increasingly applied to OCT. The segmentation of biomarkers is an essential problem that can enhance the quality of retinal disease diagnostics. For 3D OCT scans, AI is beneficial since manual segmentation is very labor-intensive. In this paper, we employ the new SAM 2 and MedSAM 2 for the segmentation of OCT volumes for two open-source datasets, comparing their performance with the traditional U-Net. The model achieved an overall Dice score of 0.913 and 0.902 for macular holes (MH) and intraretinal cysts (IRC) on OIMHS and 0.888 and 0.909 for intraretinal fluid (IRF) and pigment epithelial detachment (PED) on the AROI dataset, respectively. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue AI in OCT (Optical Coherence Tomography) Image Analysis)
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9 pages, 1741 KiB  
Brief Report
Oxidative Stress in the Murine Model of Extraparenchymal Neurocysticercosis
by Diego Generoso, Tatiane de Camargo Martins, Camila Renata Corrêa Camacho, Manuella Pacífico de Freitas Segredo, Sabrina Setembre Batah, Alexandre Todorovic Fabro, Edda Sciutto, Agnès Fleury, Pedro Tadao Hamamoto Filho and Marco Antônio Zanini
Microorganisms 2024, 12(9), 1860; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms12091860 - 8 Sep 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1385
Abstract
Oxidative stress is associated with several infectious diseases, as well as the severity of inflammatory reactions. The control of inflammation during parasite destruction is a target of neurocysticercosis treatment, as inflammation is strongly related to symptom severity. In this study, we investigated the [...] Read more.
Oxidative stress is associated with several infectious diseases, as well as the severity of inflammatory reactions. The control of inflammation during parasite destruction is a target of neurocysticercosis treatment, as inflammation is strongly related to symptom severity. In this study, we investigated the presence of malondialdehyde and protein carbonyl, two by-products of reactive oxygen species (ROS), in an experimental model of extraparenchymal neurocysticercosis. Twenty male and twenty female rats were inoculated with 50 cysts of Taenia crassiceps in the subarachnoid space of the cisterna magna. Ten animals (five males and five females) were used as controls. Three months after inoculation, their brains were harvested for oxidative stress and histological assessments. Infected animals had higher scores for inflammatory cell infiltrates, malondialdehyde, and protein carbonyl. These results encourage future efforts to monitor oxidative stress status in neurocysticercosis, particularly in the context of controlling inflammation. Full article
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13 pages, 2158 KiB  
Article
Ultrasound-Guided Interphalangeal Injection (US-IPI) of Mucoid Cysts as a Non-Surgical Option: Technical Notes and Clinical Efficacy
by Eliodoro Faiella, Elva Vergantino, Domiziana Santucci, Amalia Bruno, Giuseppina Pacella, Vincenzo Panasiti, Bruno Beomonte Zobel and Rosario Francesco Grasso
Anesth. Res. 2024, 1(2), 67-79; https://doi.org/10.3390/anesthres1020008 - 1 Aug 2024
Viewed by 2179
Abstract
Digital mucous cysts (DMCs) are common soft tissue tumors affecting interphalangeal joints. Various treatment options exist, with surgical excision being the standard. Ultrasound-guided cortisone (CC) injection into the distal interphalangeal (DIP) joint has been proposed as a therapeutic alternative. This study aims to [...] Read more.
Digital mucous cysts (DMCs) are common soft tissue tumors affecting interphalangeal joints. Various treatment options exist, with surgical excision being the standard. Ultrasound-guided cortisone (CC) injection into the distal interphalangeal (DIP) joint has been proposed as a therapeutic alternative. This study aims to assess the technical success and clinical efficacy of US-IPI in terms of swelling resolution and pain control. Fifty-two patients with DMCs underwent CCs DIP joint ultrasound-guided infiltration. Eighty-three percent of patients exhibited a positive response to US-IPI, with a significant reduction in NRS pain scores (p < 0.01). Persistent pain in 17% of patients was effectively managed with marked improvement after a secondary infiltration. Joint swelling was reduced in 68% of patients within 1 month, with complete resolution by 3 to 6 months. No recurrence was reported at the 6-month follow-up. Pain assessment using the Numeric Rating Scale and joint swelling evaluation were conducted at follow-ups of 2 weeks, 1, 3, and 6 months. Statistical analysis was performed to compare pre- and post-procedure NRS pain scores. Here, we show that US-IPI of DMCs is an effective therapeutic option that provides immediate pain relief and long-term aesthetic improvement, resulting in an alternative option to surgical excision. Full article
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10 pages, 527 KiB  
Article
Osteoarthritic Bony Alterations of Temporomandibular Joint and Relation to Low Bone Mineral Density in Postmenopausal Edentulous Females
by Laura Krumpane, Evija Nikitina, Laura Neimane, Andris Abeltins, Una Soboleva and Anda Slaidina
Dent. J. 2024, 12(8), 238; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj12080238 - 26 Jul 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1303
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between osteoarthritic bony alterations in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and general bone mineral density (BMD) in postmenopausal edentulous females. Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans for both TMJs were acquired for 80 clinically asymptomatic patients (mean [...] Read more.
This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between osteoarthritic bony alterations in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and general bone mineral density (BMD) in postmenopausal edentulous females. Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans for both TMJs were acquired for 80 clinically asymptomatic patients (mean age 72 ± 8.8 y). Both lumbar spine and femoral neck measurements of BMD were performed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). The most frequently observed bony alterations were flattening of the articular surface (47.5%), sclerosis (41.5%), subcortical cysts (10%), and erosions (5%). Osteophytes were not observed. No statistical differences were observed between those who had or did not have radiological signs of bony alterations according to age or DXA scores. The prevalence of radiological findings of degenerative TMJ bony alterations in clinically asymptomatic postmenopausal females did not confirm a connection with a generally low BMD. Full article
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