Search Results (1,181)

Pedestrian trajectory prediction remains a challenging task, particularly in long-tail scenarios where goal distributions are sparse and inter-agent behaviors are uncertain. In this work, we propose to disentangle the trajectory prediction task into two complementary components: interaction modeling and intention modeling. For interaction modeling, we introduce an adaptive meta-strategy that proactively extracts latent and rare-yet-critical interaction patterns often overlooked by conventional trajectory-only approaches. For intention modeling, we propose Continuous Waypoint Slot-Driven Prototypical Contrastive Learning (PCL). It adapts prototype learning to the multi-modal reality where conventional PCL fails to model diverse and continuous goal distributions. Capitalizing on the complementary strengths of both components, we orchestrate a unified frequency-based fusion module that seamlessly integrates interaction and intention modeling, yielding enhanced overall prediction accuracy. In particular, our method is model-agnostic and can be seamlessly incorporated into a wide range of existing prediction frameworks. Extensive experiments on several datasets demonstrate that our approach not only achieves consistent performance gains in standard settings, but also significantly alleviates degradation on hard or long-tail trajectory samples. Full article

China is experiencing rapid population aging and is actively promoting smart home–based eldercare. Smart homes offer a promising means of supporting older adults in aging in place. However, low adoption and limited sustained use constrain their potential benefits, thereby exacerbating social, economic, and healthcare burdens. This study examined factors influencing older adults’ continuance intention to use smart homes in Shandong Province, China, by integrating the Expectation–Confirmation Model of Information Systems and the Technology Acceptance Model and incorporating China-specific contextual antecedents, including government policy, intergenerational technical support, compatibility, and cost. Data were collected using an online questionnaire survey of older adults aged 60 years and older with prior smart home experience (n = 421) and analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). Results showed that perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, satisfaction, and cost directly affected continuance intention, whereas government policy, compatibility, and intergenerational technical support influenced continuance intention through perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and confirmation. Based on these results, this study proposes a conceptual framework for understanding older adults’ continuance intention toward smart homes. The findings provide implications for inclusive policy, user-centered design, and family-supported digital aging in rapidly aging societies. Full article

Immune checkpoint inhibitors and antibody drug conjugate combinations have revolutionized the management of patients with advanced and metastatic urothelial carcinoma, offering unprecedented survival outcomes. These treatments are now moving into earlier stages of disease, including perioperative treatments for patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer planning for curative-intent radical cystectomy. In this setting, there are now standard-of-care options for adjuvant immune checkpoint inhibitors with or without prior neoadjuvant chemotherapy, perioperative immune checkpoint plus cytotoxic chemotherapy combinations, and perioperative immune checkpoint inhibitor plus antibody drug conjugate combinations. This review will evaluate key clinical trials that led to modern standards of care involving these classes of drugs and highlight ongoing clinical trials that may further shift treatment paradigms for muscle-invasive bladder cancer. Key efficacy and toxicity considerations will be reviewed, and available evidence for biomarkers will be evaluated. As immune checkpoint inhibitors and antibody drug conjugates continue to demonstrate improved outcomes across the spectrum of bladder cancer treatment, understanding their role in the muscle-invasive disease state is crucial to managing patients with this condition. Full article

The objective of this study is to conduct a systematic literature review of repurchase intention in social commerce. Specifically, the study examines the current state of research, identifies the key determinants of repurchase intention, and synthesizes background theories and measurement approaches applied in this domain. This research employed the PRISMA procedure for a systematic literature review conducted across two databases: Web of Science and Scopus. A total of 177 papers were identified from databases, with no restrictions on publication year, facilitating the assessment of all pertinent research on the topic. After screening, eligibility for evaluation was based on the study’s objective; ultimately, 27 publications were identified for systematic review and analysis. The results underscore the top five primary determinants of repurchase intention in social commerce: trust, social influences, user experience, perceived value and social commerce attributes. Furthermore, the research identified 16 theoretical foundations for examining repurchase intention in social commerce, with the Stimulus–Organism–Response framework and the Technology Acceptance Model as the primary theories for this systematic review. Furthermore, the findings indicated that partial least squares structural equation modeling remains the predominant measurement technique, but alternative methods continue to be used. Full article

Background: Continuity of care for rheumatoid arthritis patients within regional networks enables stable long-term clinical data collection, despite chronic rheumatologist shortages in Japan. We determined 5-year drug survival and discontinuation reasons for eight biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (bDMARDs) using a regional multicenter registry. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 1182 patients initiating their first (naïve, n = 784) or subsequent (switch, n = 398) bDMARD between May 2001 and August 2022 across five institutions. The primary endpoint (5-year drug survival) and secondary endpoints (discontinuation risk factors and cumulative incidence of reasons) were evaluated using Kaplan–Meier curves, Cox proportional hazards, and Fine & Gray models. Results: Baseline characteristics varied significantly among bDMARDs. Five-year drug survival in the naïve cohort ranged from tocilizumab (50.8%) to golimumab (22.6%); in the switch cohort, from abatacept (42.6%) to infliximab (10.0%). In multivariable Cox analysis of naïve patients, male sex (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.49, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.09–2.02), lower baseline 28-joint Disease Activity Score with erythrocyte sedimentation rate (DAS28-ESR) (HR = 0.90, 95% CI = 0.82–0.99), and absence of methotrexate co-therapy (HR = 0.73, 95% CI = 0.55–0.97) predicted discontinuation. The lower baseline DAS28-ESR association potentially reflects successful courses toward intentional cessation following remission. Discontinuations were attributed to inadequate response (27.1%), non-adverse events (25.3%), and adverse events (17.3%). Conclusions: Tocilizumab and abatacept demonstrated the highest retention rates in biologic-naïve and switch cohorts, respectively. Early, individualized drug selection and dose optimization are crucial to maximizing long-term bDMARD effectiveness before switching. Full article

Food safety can be regarded as a critical aspect of consumer protection, and there is a clear need for related research within the context of food delivery apps. In addition, food safety is a multidimensional concept, and its definition may vary depending on the specific context in which it is examined. Therefore, this work investigates food safety in the case of food delivery apps from the perspective of consumers in the Korean market. Food safety was conceptualized through four sub-dimensions: food healthiness, eco-friendly packaging, review information, and hygiene. The study examined the effects of these four factors on trust in food delivery apps and the influence of trust on continuance intention. Also, this work inspects the moderating role of hygiene in the relationship between trust and continuance intention. The survey participants were recruited via an online survey conducted through a professional research firm, yielding 300 valid responses. Hypotheses were tested using structural equation modeling and Hayes’ Process Macro Model 1. The results show that trust is positively influenced by eco-friendly packaging, review information, and hygiene. Additionally, trust significantly affects continuance intention, with hygiene demonstrating a significant moderating effect. This research contributes to the literature by clarifying the definition of food safety in food delivery apps and elucidating the relationships among its key sub-dimensions. Full article

(1) Background: In response to the educational challenges brought on by the COVID-19 pandemic, APPE preceptors implemented the Intention/Reflection (I/R) practice as a structured engagement tool. I/R is designed to promote engagement, motivation, metacognitive growth, and self-awareness among student pharmacists with the goal of enhancing learning experiences in diverse APPE settings. This project aimed to assess the impact of I/R strategies on student pharmacist engagement during APPEs in the post-pandemic landscape, with the overarching goal of identifying and advancing best practices in experiential pharmacy education. (2) Methods: This retrospective qualitative study included 20 student pharmacists from two U.S. colleges who participated in APPE elective rotations featuring I/R activities. Student pharmacists’ responses to five structured I/R prompts were collected and thematically analyzed by two independent researchers using qualitative data analysis software. (3) Results: Four themes were identified in the I/R responses: two themes each from the intention and reflection responses. The intention themes “Embracing Discomfort as a Catalyst for Confidence, Engagement, and Leadership Growth” and “Purposeful Precision: Growing into Adaptive Leadership” both illustrate the students’ journeys as they develop greater confidence and resilience in overcoming challenges. The reflection themes “Reflection as a Catalyst for Professional Learning and Engagement” and “Reflection as a Tool for Focused Growth and Self-Awareness” synthesized the evolution of the student pharmacist and forward thinking for future career. (4) Conclusion: Overall, participants perceived the I/R practice as transformative, citing benefits such as sustained learning, increased confidence, and continued professional development. These findings suggest that integrating I/R into experiential pharmacy education can significantly enhance student engagement and contribute to best practices for post-pandemic pharmacy training. Full article

The COVID-19 pandemic increased Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) internationally and disrupted health services. The pandemic also exacerbated risk factors linked to IPV, such as deteriorating mental health. As access to health care became restricted, IPV survivors faced barriers to help-seeking. No study has examined the factors related to IPV help-seeking intent during the pandemic, which might differ from actual behavior. The aim is to examine the impact of number of COVID-19 cases and health on IPV help-seeking and disclosure intent. A cross-sectional survey in the USA in April 2020 assessed health status, IPV (victimization and perpetration), help-seeking and disclosure intent. Linear models were used (N = 1346). Upper income positively correlated with help-seeking and disclosure intent. In terms of number of COVID-19 cases and PTSD symptomology with help-seeking intent, changes in daily life correlated positively with disclosure intent, but experience of violence correlated negatively. There were significant demographic differences. Inconsistency in the reporting of violence across scales was a notable issue. The findings on mental health support the existing literature. Healthcare providers in all settings should prioritize IPV screening. Access to care should be maximized through continued improvement/expansion of online services and policy changes that remove barriers (such as lapse in insurance coverage or financial burden). Full article

Trajectory planning is a central problem in autonomous driving, requiring long-horizon reasoning, strict safety guarantees, and robustness to rare but critical events. Recent learning-based planners increasingly formulate planning as an autoregressive sequence generation problem, analogous to large language models, where future motions are discretized into action tokens and predicted by Transformer-based neural sequence models. Despite promising empirical results, most existing approaches adopt time-domain action representations, in which consecutive actions are highly correlated. When combined with autoregressive decoding, this design induces degenerate generation behavior in learning-based planners, encouraging local action continuation and leading to rapid error accumulation during closed-loop execution, particularly in safety-critical corner cases such as sudden pedestrian emergence. To address this limitation of time-domain autoregressive planning, we propose a unified trajectory planning framework built upon three core ideas: (1) explicit action tokenization for long-horizon planning, (2) transformation of the action space from the time domain to the frequency domain, and (3) a hybrid learning paradigm that combines imitation learning with reinforcement learning. By representing future motion using compact frequency-domain action coefficients rather than per-timestep actions, the proposed planner is encouraged to reason about global motion intent before refining local details. This change in action representation fundamentally alters the inductive bias of learning-based autoregressive planning, mitigates exposure bias, and enables earlier and more decisive responses in complex and safety-critical environments. We present the model formulation, learning objectives, and training strategy, and outline a comprehensive experimental protocol. Full article

Researchers typically treat platform loyalty in online travel agency (OTA) settings as a static outcome of satisfaction, even though repeated platform use unfolds over time. However, consumers update evaluative judgments through learning and memory as they move from pre-consumption expectations to post-consumption experiences, gradually stabilizing evaluations rather than continuously revising them. To address this gap, we use a two-wave time-lagged survey capturing pre- and post-consumption evaluations to examine when and how satisfaction-based platform loyalty strengthens in OTA-mediated hotel choice. The results show that the relationship between satisfaction and platform loyalty intentions intensifies after consumption. Satisfaction increasingly functions as a decision-guiding cognitive signal. This strengthening reflects experience-driven reweighting of hotel choice attributes. Consumers reweight existing criteria through experience rather than introducing new ones. Notably, the importance of core attributes, especially room quality and online reviews, increases as experience accumulates. Satisfaction and platform loyalty intentions also display significant carryover effects, indicating that prior evaluations shape subsequent judgments through memory-based continuity. By showing that evaluative judgments stabilize through selective reinforcement of existing criteria, this study explains how satisfaction transforms from an outcome judgment to a cognitive anchor for future decisions and underscores the value of longitudinal approaches for understanding early-stage experience-based decision dynamics. Full article

This study examines customers’ continuance intention in metaverse services by integrating technological, content, and social-relational dimensions and assessing the role of immersiveness. Six focal antecedents are considered, namely, technological sophistication, security, content creativity, content richness, social interaction, and social presence. Survey data from 231 metaverse users in China show that technological sophistication, content creativity, social interaction, and social presence are positively associated with immersiveness, whereas security and content richness are not. In addition, continuance intention is positively associated with technological sophistication, security, content richness, social interaction, and immersiveness. Despite the absence of clear indirect effects via immersiveness, the results suggest that continuance intention reflects not only immersive experience but also post-adoption evaluations of assurance and usefulness. As metaverse services move toward broader adoption and commercialization, these findings distinguish experience-building drivers from retention-relevant factors and offer implications for service development, content strategy, and community experience design. Full article

Obesity is a major public health problem with a continuously increasing global prevalence and is associated with various chronic diseases and substantial social and economic burdens. As dietary modification and physical activity alone often have limited effectiveness in achieving sustained weight loss, dietary supplements intended for weight reduction are widely used. However, evidence on the efficacy and safety of these supplements is inconsistent, and consumer use intentions tend to be driven by subjective beliefs and insurance-like perceptions. Accordingly, this study reviewed recent evidence on L-carnitine, green tea extract, glucomannan, and Garcinia cambogia, supplements for which weight loss effects have been proposed, to assess their efficacy and safety and to highlight the importance of supplement selection aligned with consumer use contexts. PubMed, MEDLINE, and Google Scholar databases were searched for studies published between 1 January 2020 and 10 October 2025. Although some studies have reported improvements in weight and metabolic indicators, consistent scientific evidence has not yet been established. This review emphasized the need for purpose-driven supplement selection that integrates efficacy, safety, usage context, and evidence level, and the importance of consumers’ critical information appraisal capacity, supported by structured information provision and education. Full article

Service continuity in power systems represents one of the key factors in designing the network architecture, in selecting the protection devices and in programming the maintenance operations. Standard strategies have to face a new issue represented by the possibility that intentional electromagnetic interference (IEMI) may occur. IEMI is defined as the “Intentional malicious generation of electromagnetic energy introducing power, noise or signals into electric and electronic systems, thus disrupting, confusing or damaging these systems”, and may affect the functionality of either power or telecommunications systems. Such hostile interferences may have different purposes: in the context of a war, for terroristic aims, or common criminal objective, e.g., requests for ransom. The focus of this work is on power substations, particularly on MV-LV installations, which often have limited surveillance and are located in proximity to easily accessible areas. The main issues are presented, and guidelines are provided for designing new substations or improving the immunity of installed apparatus, such as electronic protection devices, measurement instruments, and other tools equipping smart and traditional power grids. The challenges are put in evidence, and perspectives are provided with special reference to the possible evolution of interfering technologies. Full article

Background: Rare cancers combine low incidence with high biological heterogeneity and multi-institutional care trajectories. These features make single-center learning structurally incomplete and render pathway fragmentation a dominant driver of preventable harm, variability, and waste. In this context, care quality is best understood as a property of pathway integrity across routing, diagnostics (imaging/biopsy planning), multidisciplinary intent-setting, definitive treatment, and surveillance—rather than as a department-level attribute. Objective: To define a pragmatic, transferable operating blueprint for a rare-cancer Learning Health System (LHS) that turns routine care into continuous, auditable learning under explicit governance, while maintaining claims discipline and protecting measurement validity. Approach: We synthesize an implementation-oriented operating model using the Swiss Sarcoma Network (SSN) as an exemplar. The blueprint couples clinical governance (Integrated Practice Unit logic, hub-and-spoke routing, auditable multidisciplinary team decision systems) with an interoperable real-world-time data backbone designed for benchmarking, pathway mapping, and feedback. The operating logic is expressed as a closed-loop control cycle: capture → harmonize → benchmark → learn → implement → re-measure, with explicit owners, minimum requirements, and failure modes. Results/Blueprint: (i) The model specifies a minimal set of data primitives—time-stamped and traceable decision points covering baseline and tumor characteristics, pathway timing, treatment exposure, outcomes and complications, and feasible longitudinal PROMs and PREMs; (ii) a VBHC-ready, multi-domain measurement backbone spanning outcomes, harms, timeliness, function, process fidelity, and resource stewardship; and (iii) two non-negotiable validity guardrails: explicit applicability (“N/A”) rules and mandatory case-mix/complexity stratification. Implementation is treated as a governed step with defined workflow levers, fidelity criteria, balancing measures, and escalation thresholds to prevent “dashboard medicine” and surrogate-driven optimization. Conclusions: This perspective contributes an operating model—not a platform or single intervention—that enables credible improvement science and establishes prerequisites for downstream causal learning and minimum viable digital twins. By distinguishing enabling infrastructure from the governed clinical system as the primary intervention, the blueprint supports scalable, learnable excellence in rare-cancer care while protecting against gaming, inequity, and inference drift. Distinct from generic LHS or VBHC frameworks, this blueprint specifies validity gates required for rare-cancer benchmarking—explicit applicability (“N/A”) rules, denominator integrity/capture completeness disclosure, anti-gaming safeguards, and escalation governance. These elements are critical in rare cancers because small denominators, high heterogeneity, and multi-institutional pathways otherwise make benchmarking prone to artifacts and unsafe inferences. Full article

Public digital cultural service (PDCS) platforms are central to promoting equitable access to cultural resources in the digital era; however, sustaining users’ continued engagement remains a key challenge for public-sector platforms. This study examines the psychological mechanisms underlying users’ continued use intention toward PDCS platforms within a public governance context. Building on the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and the Information Systems Success Model (ISSM), an integrated framework is developed that incorporates perceived government support as a moderating mechanism, thereby extending technology acceptance research to public digital cultural services. Empirical analysis, employing structural equation modeling, was conducted on survey data collected from 789 PDCS platform users in China. The results demonstrate that perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use both exert significant positive impacts on users’ continued use intention toward PDCS platforms. Perceived ease of use positively influences perceived usefulness, which further mediates the relationship between perceived ease of use and continued use intention. Additionally, information quality and system quality are confirmed to be positive antecedents of both perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use. More importantly, perceived government support significantly enhances the positive effects of both perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use on users’ continued use intention. By integrating individual technology acceptance mechanisms with institutional support factors, this study deepens understanding of user engagement in public digital cultural services and offers practical implications for enhancing platform sustainability through improvements in system design, information quality, and government support strategies. Full article