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Keywords = coal-fired cogeneration

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39 pages, 2781 KiB  
Article
Evaluation of Technological Alternatives for the Energy Transition of Coal-Fired Power Plants, with a Multi-Criteria Approach
by Jessica Valeria Lugo, Norah Nadia Sánchez Torres, Renan Douglas Lopes da Silva Cavalcante, Taynara Geysa Silva do Lago, João Alves de Lima, Jorge Javier Gimenez Ledesma and Oswaldo Hideo Ando Junior
Energies 2025, 18(17), 4473; https://doi.org/10.3390/en18174473 - 22 Aug 2025
Abstract
This paper investigates technological pathways for the conversion of coal-fired power plants toward sustainable energy sources, using an integrated multi-criteria decision-making approach that combines Proknow-C, AHP, and PROMETHEE. Eight alternatives were identified: full conversion to natural gas, full conversion to biomass, coal and [...] Read more.
This paper investigates technological pathways for the conversion of coal-fired power plants toward sustainable energy sources, using an integrated multi-criteria decision-making approach that combines Proknow-C, AHP, and PROMETHEE. Eight alternatives were identified: full conversion to natural gas, full conversion to biomass, coal and natural gas hybridization, coal and biomass hybridization, electricity and hydrogen cogeneration, coal and solar energy hybridization, post-combustion carbon capture systems, and decommissioning with subsequent reuse. The analysis combined bibliographic data (26 scientific articles and 13 patents) with surveys from 14 energy experts, using Total Decision version 1.2.1041.0 and Visual PROMETHEE version 1.1.0.0 software tools. Based on six criteria (environmental, structural, technical, technological, economic, and social), the most viable option was full conversion to natural gas (ϕ = +0.0368), followed by coal and natural gas hybridization (ϕ = +0.0257), and coal and solar hybridization (ϕ = +0.0124). These alternatives emerged as the most balanced in terms of emissions reduction, infrastructure reuse, and cost efficiency. In contrast, decommissioning (ϕ = −0.0578) and carbon capture systems (ϕ = −0.0196) were less favorable. This study proposes a structured framework for strategic energy planning that supports a just energy transition and contributes to the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 7 and 13, highlighting the need for public policies that enhance the competitiveness and scalability of sustainable alternatives. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Energy Conversion Technologies Based on Energy Physics)
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15 pages, 3053 KiB  
Review
Matching Analysis of Technical Parameters and Safety Standards for Nuclear Replacement of Coal-Fired Units
by Dongwang Zhang, Tuo Zhou, Zhihong Liu, Hairui Yang, Rushan Bie and Man Zhang
Energies 2024, 17(22), 5583; https://doi.org/10.3390/en17225583 - 8 Nov 2024
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1269
Abstract
In the context of the growing share of renewable energy and the impending decommission of a large number of coal-fired units, nuclear energy is the only green energy that can replace coal power for a stable, clean, efficient, and large-scale power supply. This [...] Read more.
In the context of the growing share of renewable energy and the impending decommission of a large number of coal-fired units, nuclear energy is the only green energy that can replace coal power for a stable, clean, efficient, and large-scale power supply. This article compares the differences between coal power and nuclear power in terms of thermal system, thermal cycle, turbine parameters, and safety. It discusses the possibility of replacing the boiler of a coal power plant with nuclear power, that is, replacing the boiler of a coal power plant with a nuclear reactor for generation/heating/cogeneration. For coal-fired units with similar capacity that do not use a reheat cycle (at or below high pressure) and nuclear power units (such as a high-temperature gas-cooled reactor), as well as coal-fired units with a reheat cycle (ultra-high pressure and above) and nuclear power units (such as pressurized water reactors), there are great differences in steam parameters. In terms of steam turbines, the size of nuclear power units is relatively larger, requiring additional dehumidification measures. In addition, the safety factors and management methods considered in the site selection, construction, and operation of nuclear power plants are more stringent and complex, and comprehensive analysis and evaluation are needed in aspects such as waste treatment and accident emergency response. Except for the relevant provisions of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers code for pressure vessels, nuclear power units are not compatible with coal-fired units in terms of safety standards. Therefore, considering comprehensively, it is believed that the scheme of nuclear power replacing coal-fired units for power generation/heating/cogeneration program is not feasible at present. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Technologies in Nuclear Engineering)
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18 pages, 13233 KiB  
Article
Thermodynamic Comparison of the Steam Ejectors Integrated at Different Locations in Cogeneration Systems
by Shifei Zhao, Chunlan Wang, Fan Duan and Ze Tian
Energies 2024, 17(11), 2463; https://doi.org/10.3390/en17112463 - 22 May 2024
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1725
Abstract
Under the challenge of global energy transition, coal-fired cogeneration systems are undergoing a technical revolution towards enhanced efficiency, heating capacity, and flexibility. In this paper, four schemes using a steam ejector integrated into a cogeneration system are designed. Considering operational safety, integrated locations [...] Read more.
Under the challenge of global energy transition, coal-fired cogeneration systems are undergoing a technical revolution towards enhanced efficiency, heating capacity, and flexibility. In this paper, four schemes using a steam ejector integrated into a cogeneration system are designed. Considering operational safety, integrated locations are selected at the front and back of high- and medium-pressure turbines. Subsequently, the thermodynamic and operational characteristics under both design and off-design conditions are analyzed based on a model built in EBSILON Professional. Finally, a sensitivity analysis of the heating process is conducted. The results show that the integration of steam ejectors can increase the waste heat recovery ratio of exhaust steam by 18.42–45.61% under design conditions. The largest waste heat recovery ratio is obtained in System 4, resulting in the power generation efficiency (ηg) and gross energy utilization efficiency (ηp) of 81.95% and 65.53%, respectively. Meanwhile, the steam ejector can expand the power-load regulation range of the cogeneration system, and System 4 has the lowest lower power limit among all the systems. The ηp values of Systems 1–4 reach extreme values at different mixed steam pressures of the ejector. Increasing the pinch point temperature difference reduces the power load ηg and ηp of Systems 1–4. The results provide technical solutions for improving the heating capacity and efficient and flexible operation of cogeneration systems. Full article
(This article belongs to the Topic District Heating and Cooling Systems)
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19 pages, 3108 KiB  
Article
Comprehensive Evaluation of Different Heating Modes in Northeast China
by Chengkang Gao, Huan You, Mingyan Tian and Yang Wu
Sustainability 2023, 15(18), 13494; https://doi.org/10.3390/su151813494 - 8 Sep 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1591
Abstract
Given the freezing temperatures and extended winters, heating is essential for residents living in Northeast China. When selecting the optimum heating mode for the region, various factors are taken into consideration, such as the impact on the environment, financial cost and energy consumption. [...] Read more.
Given the freezing temperatures and extended winters, heating is essential for residents living in Northeast China. When selecting the optimum heating mode for the region, various factors are taken into consideration, such as the impact on the environment, financial cost and energy consumption. However, it is uncertain which heating mode can fulfill all conditions and requirements. In this study, seven heating modes were selected from the national and northeastern heating strategies. A comprehensive index system based on the life cycle theory was developed from the perspectives of energy, the environment, the economy, technology and society. Additionally, a comprehensive evaluation of the seven heating modes was performed using the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) and gray relation analysis. The results of this research showed that, from a complete standpoint, the ground-source heat pump heating mode (HMg) had the best comprehensive benefit, with a correlation of 0.8173, followed by the coal-fired cogeneration heating mode (HMcc), which had the highest correlation degree among the centralized heating modes at 0.6111. Based on the findings of our thorough examination, a recommended scheme made up of HMg, HMcc, the electro-thermal membrane heating mode (HMef), the natural gas boiler room regional central heating mode (HMgrc) and the natural gas boiler room decentralized heating mode (HMgrd) was established. The recommended scheme can provide a theoretical basis for the implementation of clean heating policies in Northeast China. Full article
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26 pages, 7955 KiB  
Article
Research on Carbon Emissions Prediction Model of Thermal Power Plant Based on SSA-LSTM Algorithm with Boiler Feed Water Influencing Factors
by Xindong Wang, Chun Yan, Wei Liu and Xinhong Liu
Sustainability 2022, 14(23), 15988; https://doi.org/10.3390/su142315988 - 30 Nov 2022
Cited by 19 | Viewed by 2729
Abstract
China’s power industry is a major energy consumer, with the carbon dioxide (CO2) generated by coal consumption making the power industry one of the key emission sectors. Therefore, it is crucial to explore energy conservation and emissions reduction strategies suitable for [...] Read more.
China’s power industry is a major energy consumer, with the carbon dioxide (CO2) generated by coal consumption making the power industry one of the key emission sectors. Therefore, it is crucial to explore energy conservation and emissions reduction strategies suitable for China’s current situation. Taking a typical cogeneration enterprise in North China as an example, this paper aims to establish a generalized regression prediction model for carbon emissions of coal-fired power plants, which will provide a reference for China to seek strategies for carbon peaking and carbon neutralization in the future. Firstly, in terms of the selection of influencing factors, this paper uses objective index screening methods, simulation means, and the eXtreme Gradient Boosting algorithm (XG-Boost) to analyze the feature importance of various influencing factors. It is concluded that the relevant influencing factors of the boiler feed water system have a strong correlation and characteristic importance with the carbon emissions results of coal-fired power plants. Therefore, this paper proposes to introduce these factors into the regression prediction model as auxiliary variables to more scientifically reflect the carbon emissions results of coal-fired power plants. Secondly, in the aspect of regression prediction model establishment, inspired by the sparrow’s foraging behavior and anti-predation behavior, this paper selects the sparrow search algorithm (SSA) with strong optimization ability and fast convergence speed to optimize the super parameters of the long short-term memory network algorithm (LSTM). It is proposed to use the SSA-LSTM algorithm to establish the carbon emissions regression prediction model of coal-fired power plants. The advantage of the SSA-LSTM algorithm is that it can effectively simplify the super parameter selection process of the LSTM algorithm, effectively solve the global optimization problem, prevent the model from falling into overfitting and local optimization, and make the carbon emissions regression prediction model of coal-fired power plants achieve a better fitting effect. By comparing the performance indicators of the model before and after the improvement, it is found that the regression prediction effect of the SSA-LSTM coal-fired power plant carbon emissions regression prediction model, which introduces boiler feed water influencing factors, has been effectively improved. Therefore, the model proposed in this paper can be used to conduct a comprehensive impact factor analysis and regression prediction analysis on the carbon emissions intensity of China’s coal-fired power plants, formulate targeted carbon emissions reduction countermeasures, and provide a theoretical basis for energy conservation and emissions reduction of China’s coal-fired power plants. Full article
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25 pages, 3027 KiB  
Article
Low-Carbon Economic Dispatching of Multi-Energy Virtual Power Plant with Carbon Capture Unit Considering Uncertainty and Carbon Market
by Huiru Zhao, Chao Zhang, Yihang Zhao and Xuejie Wang
Energies 2022, 15(19), 7225; https://doi.org/10.3390/en15197225 - 1 Oct 2022
Cited by 15 | Viewed by 2429
Abstract
Multi-energy virtual power plants (MEVPPs) effectively realize multi-energy coupling. Low-carbon transformation of coal-fired units at the source side and consideration of demand response resources at the load side are important ways to achieve carbon peak and carbon neutralization. Based on this, this paper [...] Read more.
Multi-energy virtual power plants (MEVPPs) effectively realize multi-energy coupling. Low-carbon transformation of coal-fired units at the source side and consideration of demand response resources at the load side are important ways to achieve carbon peak and carbon neutralization. Based on this, this paper proposes a low-carbon economic dispatch model for the MEVPP system considering source-load coordination with comprehensive demand response. Combined with the characteristics of organic Rankine cycle (ORC) waste heat power generation and comprehensive demand response energy to increase the flexibility on both sides of the source and load, the problem of insufficient carbon capture during the peak load period in the process of low-carbon transformation of thermal power units has been improved. First, the ORC waste heat recovery device is introduced into the MEVPP system to decouple the cogeneration unit’s “heat-based electricity” constraint, which improves the flexibility of the unit’s power output. Secondly, we consider the synergistic effect of the comprehensive demand response and ORC waste heat recovery device and analyze the source-load coordination low-carbon dispatch mechanism. Finally, an example simulation is carried out in a typical system. The simulation example shows that this method effectively improves the carbon capture level of carbon capture power plants, takes into account the economy and low carbon of the system, and can provide a reference for the low-carbon economic dispatch of the MEVPP system. Full article
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17 pages, 2324 KiB  
Article
Sensitivity Analysis of the Climate Effect of Using Pyrochar Biofuel for Heat and Electricity Generation
by Johanna Högosta and Ali Mohammadi
Processes 2021, 9(10), 1744; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr9101744 - 29 Sep 2021
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2010
Abstract
This study aims to quantify the climate change impact of pyrochar production from pulp and paper mill sludge and the subsequent utilisation in combined heat and power (CHP) plants for co-generation of heat and electricity using the environmental life cycle assessment (E-LCA) method. [...] Read more.
This study aims to quantify the climate change impact of pyrochar production from pulp and paper mill sludge and the subsequent utilisation in combined heat and power (CHP) plants for co-generation of heat and electricity using the environmental life cycle assessment (E-LCA) method. In the Pyrochar Scenario, in which the sludge is pyrolyzed into pyrochar, the authors have assumed that pyrochar would replace coal. In the Reference Scenario, sludge is incinerated with a subsequent low rate of energy recovery. A comprehensive sensitivity analysis was performed to determine the conditions in which the sludge pyrochar would offer the greatest climate-effect benefits. The parameters selected for the said analysis are the form of pyrochar (pellet or powder), fuels replaced by it in the CHP plant (solid waste and peat vis-à-vis coal), and the utilisation of the pyrochar fuel in another European country (Germany and Spain vis-à-vis Sweden). The results of this E-LCA clearly show that using pyrochar as a biofuel in CHP plants delivered a considerable reduction in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions (−1.87 tonne CO2-eq per 2.8 tonne dry sludge). Contribution analysis reveals that the process accounting for the biggest share of the reduction is the pyrochar combustion (a negative contribution of 76%), which results in a displacement of coal-based fuels. The authors conclude that the utilisation of pyrochar in firing units would provide the highest reduction in GHG emissions, while recommending a comprehensive economic analysis in addition to climate effect assessment, before making a decision regarding the introduction of sludge pyrochar to the energy sector. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Environmental and Green Processes)
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15 pages, 1630 KiB  
Article
Economic Efficiency Assessment of Using Wood Waste in Cogeneration Plants with Multi-Stage Gasification
by Oleg Marchenko, Sergei Solomin, Alexander Kozlov, Vitaly Shamanskiy and Igor Donskoy
Appl. Sci. 2020, 10(21), 7600; https://doi.org/10.3390/app10217600 - 28 Oct 2020
Cited by 17 | Viewed by 3667
Abstract
The aim of this work is to assess the effectiveness of biomass gasification power plants in Russia (Irkutsk region) and compare them with other types of electricity and heat cogeneration systems. Biomass, which is waste from logging and wood processing, is considered as [...] Read more.
The aim of this work is to assess the effectiveness of biomass gasification power plants in Russia (Irkutsk region) and compare them with other types of electricity and heat cogeneration systems. Biomass, which is waste from logging and wood processing, is considered as fuel for gasification plants. As a criterion, the cost of energy is used. Analytical relations are obtained for the cost of electric energy at a given cost of thermal energy and vice versa, thermal energy at a given cost of electric energy. These relationships are applied to assess the economic efficiency and compare small-power plants (up to 200–500 kW) such as mini-combined heat and power (CHP) on fuel chips and fuel pellets, coal-fired CHP and gas and liquid fuel power plants (gas-piston and diesel power plants). The latter are equipped with heat recovery boilers and supply consumers with heat and the electric power simultaneously. The calculation results show that the cost of electricity when using wood fuel is significantly less than the cost of electricity from a diesel power plant due to the use of cheaper fuel. In this regard, for autonomous energy systems of small power, especially near logging points, energy supply from biomass gasification power plants is a preferable solution than the use of diesel power plants. Wood fired energy cogeneration systems (mini-CHP) can also successfully compete with coal and gas power plants if they have cheap wood fuel at their location. With the introduction of carbon dioxide emissions charges, the use of not only wood chips, but also pellets becomes competitive in comparison with coal and gas. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Thermal Utilization of Fuels)
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16 pages, 4011 KiB  
Article
Prototypical Biomass-Fired Micro-Cogeneration Systems—Energy and Ecological Analysis
by Krzysztof Sornek
Energies 2020, 13(15), 3909; https://doi.org/10.3390/en13153909 - 31 Jul 2020
Cited by 14 | Viewed by 3179
Abstract
Combined heat and power systems dedicated to micro-scale applications are currently increasing in popularity. The use of such systems is beneficial from the standpoint of increasing the usage of renewable energy, increasing energy efficiency and reducing CO2 emissions into the atmosphere. This [...] Read more.
Combined heat and power systems dedicated to micro-scale applications are currently increasing in popularity. The use of such systems is beneficial from the standpoint of increasing the usage of renewable energy, increasing energy efficiency and reducing CO2 emissions into the atmosphere. This paper shows two examples of prototypical micro-cogeneration systems powered by biomass. In the first, smaller one, electricity is generated in thermoelectric generators using heat from the wood-fired stove. The second one is equipped with a 100 kWt batch boiler and operates according to a modified Rankine cycle. The energy and ecological analysis were conducted and discussed, including selected aspects of heat and power generation and gaseous pollutant emission. Measurements were performed using a dedicated control and measurement station with a PLC controller. As was shown, thermoelectric generators operated respectively with the power of 22.5 We in the case of the air-cooled unit and 31.2 We in the case of the water-cooled unit. On the other hand, the maximum power level of ca. 1145 We was obtained in the system with a batch boiler operating according to a modified Rankine cycle. The ecological analysis showed that the average amount of CO emission during the wood combustion in the tested stove was 1916 mg/m3 (in the combustion phase). In the case of straw combustion, it was characterized by lower CO2 emissions compared to coal, but higher CO2 emissions compared to gasoline and natural gas. Based on the obtained results, some outlines for the systems development were given. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Technologies Conducive to Low Green House Gas Emission)
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15 pages, 2524 KiB  
Article
District Heating Tariffs, Economic Optimisation and Local Strategies during Radical Technological Change
by Søren Djørup, Karl Sperling, Steffen Nielsen, Poul Alborg Østergaard, Jakob Zinck Thellufsen, Peter Sorknæs, Henrik Lund and David Drysdale
Energies 2020, 13(5), 1172; https://doi.org/10.3390/en13051172 - 4 Mar 2020
Cited by 19 | Viewed by 5689
Abstract
This paper addresses economic aspects of heat savings in the context of strategic heat planning. The analysis uses the city of Aalborg, Denmark, as a case where municipalisation through a recent acquisition of a coal-fired cogeneration of heat and power (CHP) plant has [...] Read more.
This paper addresses economic aspects of heat savings in the context of strategic heat planning. The analysis uses the city of Aalborg, Denmark, as a case where municipalisation through a recent acquisition of a coal-fired cogeneration of heat and power (CHP) plant has made an update of a municipal strategic energy plan necessary. Combining datasets on buildings and insulation techniques with economic methods, we investigate how the local district heating tariff can be adapted to improve the conditions for heat savings and support the transition to lower supply temperatures in line with the requirements of future fourth generation district heating systems. The paper concludes that implementing a fully variable heat tariff scheme improves the financial incentive for heat savings, while also making the system development less vulnerable to fluctuations and shortages in capital markets. The paper supplements existing literature on heat savings with novelty in its approach and in its systematic investigation of the interplay between tariff policies and interest rates. Full article
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20 pages, 3388 KiB  
Article
Thermodynamic and Economic Analyses of Reformative Design for High Back-Pressure Heating in Coal-Fueled Cogeneration Units
by Heng Chen, Yunyun Wu, Jidong Xu, Gang Xu, Yongping Yang, Wenyi Liu and Gangye Shi
Entropy 2019, 21(4), 342; https://doi.org/10.3390/e21040342 - 28 Mar 2019
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 5129
Abstract
High back-pressure (HBP) heating technology has been identified as an effective approach to improve the efficiency of combined heat and power (CHP). In this study, the novel concept of a HBP heating system with energy cascade utilization is developed and its probability examined. [...] Read more.
High back-pressure (HBP) heating technology has been identified as an effective approach to improve the efficiency of combined heat and power (CHP). In this study, the novel concept of a HBP heating system with energy cascade utilization is developed and its probability examined. In the reformative design, the extracted heating steam from the intermediate-pressure turbine (IPT) is first drawn to an additional turbine where its excess pressure can be converted into electricity, then steam with a lower pressure can be employed to heat the supply water. As a consequence, the exergy destruction in the supply water heating process can be reduced and the efficiency of the cogeneration unit raised. A detailed thermodynamic investigation was performed based on a typical coal-fired HBP–CHP unit incorporating the proposed configuration. The results show that the artificial thermal efficiency (ATE) promotion was as much as 2.01 percentage points, with an additional net power output of 8.4 MW compared to the reference unit. This was attributed to a 14.65 percentage-point increment in the exergy efficiency of the supply water heating process caused by the suggested retrofitting. The influences of the unit power output, unit heat output, supply water and return water temperatures and turbine back pressure on the thermal performance of the modified system are discussed as well. In addition, the economic performance of the new design is assessed, indicating that the proposed concept is financially feasible. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Thermodynamic Optimization)
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20 pages, 5581 KiB  
Article
An Improved Heating System with Waste Pressure Utilization in a Combined Heat and Power Unit
by Heng Chen, Jidong Xu, Yao Xiao, Zhen Qi, Gang Xu and Yongping Yang
Energies 2018, 11(6), 1515; https://doi.org/10.3390/en11061515 - 11 Jun 2018
Cited by 15 | Viewed by 3672
Abstract
An improved heating system integrated with waste pressure utilization (WPU) for combined heat and power (CHP) cogeneration was proposed. The new heating system efficiently utilized the excess pressure of the extraction heating steam to drive the WPU turbine and generator for producing electricity, [...] Read more.
An improved heating system integrated with waste pressure utilization (WPU) for combined heat and power (CHP) cogeneration was proposed. The new heating system efficiently utilized the excess pressure of the extraction heating steam to drive the WPU turbine and generator for producing electricity, achieving higher energy efficiency and lower fuel consumption of the CHP unit. The results of the detailed thermodynamic analysis showed that applying the proposed concept in a typical 300 MW coal-fired CHP unit could reduce the standard coal consumption rate by 9.84 g/(kW·h), with a thermal efficiency improvement of 1.97% (absolute value). Compared to that of the original heating process, the energy efficiency of the proposed process decreased by 0.55% (absolute value), but its exergy efficiency increased dramatically by 17.97% (absolute value), which meant that the proposed configuration could make better use of the steam energy and contribute to the better performance of the CHP unit. As the unit generation load and supply and return-water temperatures declined and the unit heating load rose, the WPU system would generate more electricity and its energy-saving benefit would be enhanced. This work provides a promising approach to further advance the CHP technology and district heating systems. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section F: Electrical Engineering)
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16 pages, 748 KiB  
Article
More Wind Power Integration with Adjusted Energy Carriers for Space Heating in Northern China
by Hongyu Long, Kunyao Xu, Ruilin Xu and Jianjun He
Energies 2012, 5(9), 3279-3294; https://doi.org/10.3390/en5093279 - 31 Aug 2012
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 7001 | Correction
Abstract
In Northern China, due to the high penetration of coal-fired cogeneration facilities, which are generally equipped with extraction-condensing steam turbines, lots of wind power resources may be wasted during the heating season. In contrast, considerable coal is consumed in the power generation sector. [...] Read more.
In Northern China, due to the high penetration of coal-fired cogeneration facilities, which are generally equipped with extraction-condensing steam turbines, lots of wind power resources may be wasted during the heating season. In contrast, considerable coal is consumed in the power generation sector. In this article, firstly it is revealed that there exists a serious divergence in the ratio of electrical to thermal energy between end users’ demand and the cogenerations’ production during off-peak load at night, which may negate active power-balancing of the electric power grid. Secondly, with respect to this divergence only occurring during off-peak load at night, a temporary proposal is given so as to enable the integration of more wind power. The authors suggest that if the energy carrier for part of the end users’ space heating is switched from heating water to electricity (e.g., electric heat pumps (EHPs) can provide space heating in the domestic sector), the ratio of electricity to heating water load should be adjusted to optimize the power dispatch between cogeneration units and wind turbines, resulting in fuel conservation. With this proposal, existing infrastructures are made full use of, and no additional ones are required. Finally a numerical simulation is performed in order to illustrate both the technical and economic feasibility of the aforementioned proposal, under ongoing infrastructures as well as electricity and space heating tariff conditions without changing participants’ benefits. The authors aim to persuade Chinese policy makers to enable EHPs to provide space heating to enable the integration of more wind power. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Wind Turbines)
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