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Keywords = cachexia in HIV

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11 pages, 490 KB  
Article
Low Plasma Lipids Are Associated with Relapsing and Lethal Visceral Leishmaniasis in HIV-Infected Patients
by Renata V. S. Silva, Silvia R. B. Uliana, Jenicer K. U. Y. Yasunaka, Cláudio S. Veloso, Emille Sousa, Maria M. L. Ferreira, Vivianne S. Carvalho, Gabriel R. Ferreira, Dorcas L. Costa and Carlos H. N. Costa
Pathogens 2024, 13(6), 450; https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens13060450 - 25 May 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1498
Abstract
Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) results from protozoa Leishmania infantum and L. donovani infection. This study investigated whether host factors would explain the relapses. First, susceptibility to amphotericin B of L. infantum isolates was evaluated in vitro. Then, clinical data and the lipid profile of [...] Read more.
Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) results from protozoa Leishmania infantum and L. donovani infection. This study investigated whether host factors would explain the relapses. First, susceptibility to amphotericin B of L. infantum isolates was evaluated in vitro. Then, clinical data and the lipid profile of patients with relapsing and non-relapsing VL were assessed. Susceptibility to amphotericin B was similar between the isolates. CD4+ lymphocytes were reduced in both groups of patients in the first episode and with relapsing VL. Still, the strongest blood cell indicator associated with relapses was low total lymphocyte counts. Total plasma cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, and, uniquely, triglycerides of the six individuals in the first episode and twenty-three with relapsing VL were lower in relapsing patients than those in the first episode. Deceased patients had extremely low low-density lipoprotein. After CD4+ decreases, lymphocyte CD8+ reduction is the final stage of immunological failure. The lower lipid concentrations appear to be secondary to the depletion of fat stores by inflammation-induced cachexia and fat exhaustion provoked by the co-occurrence of both diseases, which can finally lead to death. Full article
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13 pages, 731 KB  
Review
Clinical Evidence of Magistral Preparations Based on Medicinal Cannabis
by Sara Arias, Marta Leon, Diego Jaimes and Rosa-Helena Bustos
Pharmaceuticals 2021, 14(2), 78; https://doi.org/10.3390/ph14020078 - 21 Jan 2021
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 5270
Abstract
Cannabis has been widely used as a medicinal plant for millennia; however, studies related to its main components were first conducted in 1960. Subsequently, laboratories have produced new components and structures related to its active biological properties. Countries that have approved the medicinal [...] Read more.
Cannabis has been widely used as a medicinal plant for millennia; however, studies related to its main components were first conducted in 1960. Subsequently, laboratories have produced new components and structures related to its active biological properties. Countries that have approved the medicinal use of cannabis impose regulations that govern its clinical and scientific use. One means of administering medicinal cannabis is via a magistral preparation that must have a medical prescription and be prepared in an establishment that meets quality standards to ensure the quantities of its main components, such as tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD). Furthermore, suppliers must have a clear indication of its use in the patient before prescription. This review shows the published evidence regarding the clinical use of medicinal cannabis magistral preparations in the management of post-chemotherapy nausea and vomiting, neuropathic pain in multiple sclerosis, and anorexia and cachexia in patients with HIV. Full article
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15 pages, 407 KB  
Article
Effect of Body Weight and Other Metabolic Factors on Risk of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer among Veterans with HIV and a History of Smoking
by Jose M. Garcia, Jennifer R. Kramer, Peter A. Richardson, Sarah Ahmed, Kathryn E. Royse, Donna L. White, Suchismita Raychaudhury, Elaine Chang, Christine M. Hartman, Michael J. Silverberg and Elizabeth Y. Chiao
Cancers 2020, 12(12), 3809; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers12123809 - 17 Dec 2020
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2164
Abstract
Among people living with HIV (PWH), there has been an increasing incidence of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and metabolic abnormalities, including dyslipidemia, which can modulate NSCLC risk. In this article, we evaluate which metabolic risk factors are associated with incident risk among [...] Read more.
Among people living with HIV (PWH), there has been an increasing incidence of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and metabolic abnormalities, including dyslipidemia, which can modulate NSCLC risk. In this article, we evaluate which metabolic risk factors are associated with incident risk among PWH who smoke. This is done through a retrospective cohort study, using data of HIV+ veterans who smoke from the nationwide Veterans Affairs (VA) healthcare system. Data on diagnostic codes, medication, and laboratory values of 33,351 veterans were obtained using the VA’s Corporate Data Warehouse and Central Cancer Registry. We calculated NSCLC incidence and utilized Cox regression to determine metabolic factors associated with NSCLC risk. HIV+ cohort was 97.4% male; median age = 47 years and 20,050 (60.1%) well-controlled (≥80% follow-up time undetectable viral load). Crude incidence rates were lower in well-controlled PWH (1.46 vs. 2.06/1000 PY). Metabolic factors associated with incident NSCLC risk included lower BMI at HIV diagnosis and cachexia history in both groups, while HDL and triglycerides were significant in non-well-controlled smokers only. Our findings that lower BMI at HIV diagnosis, history of cachexia among individuals with well-controlled HIV, and cachexia presence at diagnosis are associated with increased risk of developing NSCLC in PWH with a history of smoking have important implications. Full article
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36 pages, 734 KB  
Review
Cannabinoids: New Promising Agents in the Treatment of Neurological Diseases
by Sabrina Giacoppo, Giuseppe Mandolino, Maria Galuppo, Placido Bramanti and Emanuela Mazzon
Molecules 2014, 19(11), 18781-18816; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules191118781 - 17 Nov 2014
Cited by 77 | Viewed by 30282
Abstract
Nowadays, Cannabis sativa is considered the most extensively used narcotic. Nevertheless, this fame obscures its traditional employ in native medicine of South Africa, South America, Turkey, Egypt and in many regions of Asia as a therapeutic drug. In fact, the use of compounds [...] Read more.
Nowadays, Cannabis sativa is considered the most extensively used narcotic. Nevertheless, this fame obscures its traditional employ in native medicine of South Africa, South America, Turkey, Egypt and in many regions of Asia as a therapeutic drug. In fact, the use of compounds containing Cannabis and their introduction in clinical practice is still controversial and strongly limited by unavoidable psychotropic effects. So, overcoming these adverse effects represents the main open question on the utilization of cannabinoids as new drugs for treatment of several pathologies. To date, therapeutic use of cannabinoid extracts is prescribed in patients with glaucoma, in the control of chemotherapy-related vomiting and nausea, for appetite stimulation in patients with anorexia-cachexia syndrome by HIV, and for the treatment of multiple sclerosis symptoms. Recently, researcher efforts are aimed to employ the therapeutic potentials of Cannabis sativa in the modulation of cannabinoid receptor activity within the central nervous system, particularly for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, as well as psychiatric and non-psychiatric disorders. This review evaluates the most recent available data on cannabinoids utilization in experimental and clinical studies, and highlights their beneficial effects in the prevention of the main neurological diseases and for the clinical treatment of symptoms with them correlated. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Natural Products Chemistry)
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