Search Results (12)

Fiber is one of the most important ingredients of fruit that has an influence on the gastrointestinal tract and biochemical parameters of blood. Fiber has texturizing functions in food processing. The fiber’s properties (water-binding capacity, swelling, and oil-holding capacity) and polysaccharide composition obtained from raspberry and blackberry fruit, juice, and pomace, divided into seed and seedless fractions, were determined. The seedless fraction contains more hemicelluloses and homogalacturonan with higher water-binding capacities, swelling, and oil-holding capacities, and the seeds contain more cellulose, and their physical abilities are much lower. Water-binding capacities were from 2.7 to 14.9 g/g, swelling from 3.3 to 11.1 mL/g, and oil-holding capacities from 8.0 to 16.5 g/g. The sequential extraction of fruit fiber showed that the main fraction was the Residue, followed by the weak alkali extractable pectin (DASP) and the hemicellulose (CASP). Water-extractable pectin (WSP) and chelating-agent extractable pectin (ChSP) both constituted 8–9% of AIS each. In the pomace, the main fraction was the Residue (40% AIS), followed by CASP (16% AIS), DASP and ChSP (6–7% AIS), and WSP and WR (3% AIS). While seeds are composed mostly of Residue (52–57% AIS vs. 24–36% AIS in seedless), the seedless part shares of CASP hemicelluloses were higher (24–28% AIS vs. 12–15% in seeds). In the seedless part, there was also more water-soluble pectin (WSP) (4–5% vs. 2–3% in seeds). Seedless fraction is rich in hemicellulose and has higher water-binding properties and oil-holding capacities compared to seeds, and that is why it could be a source of functional berry polysaccharides. Full article

Blackberries are seasonal berries that are processed into various products leaving a large amount of residues after processing, and therefore the most effective ways of utilising the residues need to be evaluated. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of different extraction methods on the chemical content of blackberry pomace extracts from different cultivars and their effect on the viability of the Caco-2 colorectal adenocarcinoma cell line and CCD-18Co normal colon fibroblast cancer cells. Blackberry pomace from berries of the cultivars ‘Polar’, ‘Orkan’, and ‘Brzezina’ was extracted by ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) and a combination of these two extraction methods (MAE+UAE). The phenolic profile and the amount of organic acids and sugars were detected by HPLC. The spectrophotometric method was used to determine the amount of total phenolics, total flavonoids, and total anthocyanins. The cytotoxicity of the extracts was measured by the MTT assay. The chemical content of the extracts depends on the blackberry cultivar, the extraction method, and its interaction. Only the DPPH antioxidant activity did not depend on these factors and had no statistically significant differences between the different extracts. The extracts at a concentration of 5.0% increased the growth of both cancer cells, while the extracts at 1% and 2.5%, depending on the cultivar, reduced the growth of these cells. The MAE and UAE extracts of the ‘Orkan’ cultivar at concentrations of 1%, 1.5%, 2%, and 2.5% best inhibited the viability of Caco-2 cells. The extracts inhibited the growth of the Caco-2 cell line better than CCD-18Co normal colon fibroblasts. Full article

The main objective of this work was to extract bioactive compounds from different cultivars of blackberry pomace using conventional Soxhlet and supercritical CO₂ (SC-CO₂) extraction methods. For Soxhlet extraction, two different solvents, ethanol and n-hexane, were used. Qualitative and quantitative composition of fatty acids was determined by GC, carotenoids and chlorophylls by HPLC, and volatile organic compounds were identified with an e-nose based on GC. The yield of the extract was influenced by the extraction, while the qualitative content of the extracts was also dependent on the cultivar. While there were no differences in the types of fatty acids extracted, their content varied significantly depending on the cultivar, extraction method, and their interaction. The results showed that linoleic acid (C18:2), oleic acid (C18:1), and α-linolenic acid (C18:3) were the most prevalent in all cultivars of blackberry pomace extracts. The linoleic acid content varied from 33.33 to 64.77% depending on the variety, and the ratio of omega-6 to omega-3 varied from 3.17% to 5.71%. Significantly higher quantities of carotenoids and chlorophylls were obtained in Soxhlet extraction with n-hexane in all extracts. The major carotenoid in the ‘Orkan’ and ‘Polar’ extracts was lutein, while in the ‘Brzezina’ extract, it was β-carotene. The extraction method has a significant impact on the flavor profile of the extracts. Full article

This study aimed to determine the amounts of phenols, antioxidant activity, and sensory compounds in three commercial cultivars of blackberries popular in Lithuania: ‘Polar’, ‘Brzezina’, and ‘Orkan’. Blackberry pomace was analyzed by the spectrophotometric method for total phenolic content, total flavonoid content and radical-scavenging capacity using the DPPH^• and ABTS^•+ assays. The phenolic profiles, organic acids, and sugars were analyzed by HPLC. The Heracles II electronic nose, which is based on ultrafast gas chromatography, was used for the quantification of volatile organic compounds. The results show that the total phenolic content of blackberry pomace varied from 2380.60 to 2088.00 mg 100 g⁻¹ and that the total flavonoid content varied from 161.29 to 148.10 mg 100 g⁻¹, depending on the cultivar. A total of 14 polyphenols were also identified, with epigallocatechin and anthocyanin cyanidin-3-O-glucoside being quantified in the highest concentrations (7.28 to 9.72 and 6.19 to 9.79 mg g⁻¹, respectively) and being the predominant phenolic compounds in the blackberry-pomace samples. The odor profiles of blackberry pomace from different cultivars varied. The main volatile organic compounds found in all blackberry pomace were 1-Nonanol and cis-3-Hexen-1-ol, are associated with herbaceous and citrusy aromas. All these results show the potential of using blackberry pomace to enrich food products with bioactive phytochemicals. Full article

An investigation of the ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) of polyphenol-rich aqueous extracts from blackberry, chokeberry and raspberry pomaces was carried out. The aim of the study was to choose optimal conditions for UAE in order to obtain extracts rich in phenolic compounds. The optimization was carried out based on response surface methodology. The variable conditions were amplitude of ultrasound wave and extraction time, whereas responses were total polyphenol content and antioxidant capacity. Based on the ANOVA analysis, mathematical models were fitted and verified. The most effective conditions of amplitude and time were 98% and 5.00 min, 78% and 10.32 min and 90% and 11.56 min for blackberry pomace, chokeberry pomace and raspberry pomace, respectively. The actual results obtained in optimized conditions were comparable to the results predicted by the models. Additionally, the anthocyanin content in extracts was determined in the high-performance liquid chromatography assay. It was proven that response surface methodology could be a useful tool in the optimization of UAE processes for obtaining polyphenol-rich extracts from berry fruit pomaces. Full article

When producing fruit juices, the pomace, containing the seeds, is left as a byproduct. In this study, cold-pressed blackcurrant, raspberry, blackberry, blueberry, strawberry, and sea buckthorn seed oils and their seed meals were characterized to explore possible commercial applications. The fatty acid (FA) composition, sterol content, tocopherol content, total polyphenolic content (TP), color, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and free-radical scavenging capacity (DPPH assay) were determined. The levels of TP ranged from 8.9 to 19.3 mg GAE/100 g of oil with the highest TP content observed in blackcurrant oil. Concerning the antioxidative activity, sea buckthorn oil and blackberry oil performed best, both exhibiting high FRAP and DPPH scavenging activities. The fatty acid profiles of all oils showed that the main polyunsaturated fatty acids were linoleic acid (C18:2) and α-linolenic acid (C18:3). When studying the sterol and tocopherol content, the highest total amount of sterols (4500 mg/kg) as well as the highest total amount of tocopherols (1036 mg/kg) were observed in blackberry oil. It can be concluded that the cold-pressed berry seed oils examined in this study exhibit interesting characteristics for further commercialization. Moreover, the seed meal is a valuable byproduct that contains high amounts of polyphenols and has a high level of antioxidant activity. Full article

The objective of this study is to assess the proximate chemical composition, and the physical and techno-functional properties of blackberry pomace from different cultivars (‘Polar’, ‘Orkan’, ‘Brzezina’). Blackberry pomace primarily comprises seeds and other parts, such as pulps/skins. It serves as a rich source of bioactive compounds, particularly anthocyanins, and demonstrates notable functional properties, including water holding capacity, oil holding capacity, swelling capacity, and various fiber fractions. Moreover, anthocyanin-rich fruits are interesting due to their health-promoting properties and intensive color. Total anthocyanin content (TAC) ranged from 113.82 mg 100 g⁻¹ d.w. to 129.58 mg 100 g⁻¹ d.w. in blackberry pomace. Fiber fractions, including ADF, NDF, lignin, and WSCs, exhibited significant variations among the different blackberry pomace cultivars as well as color. Full article

Blackberry fruit contains high levels of nutrients and phenolic compounds. Blackberry pomace accounts for 20~30% of its whole fruit during processing and is generally treated as fertilizer. Blackberry pomace has many seeds that contain carbohydrates, polyphenols, flavonoids, pectin, protein, and other bioactive nutrients. However, its functional properties and seed protein compositions have not been reported. We used a single-factor experiment, response surface, and Osborne isolate method to extract protein isolate, albumin, globulin, glutelin, and prolamin from blackberry seeds for the first time and evaluated their characteristics and functional properties. Glutelin and protein isolate showed good water-holding capacity, emulsification, and foaming capacity, while albumin and globulin showed good oil-holding capacity and thermal stability. They were found to have good antioxidant activities that might be good DPPH free radical scavengers, especially prolamin, which has the lowest IC₅₀ value (15.76 μg/mL). Moreover, globulin had the lowest IC₅₀ value of 5.03 μg/mL against Hela cells, 31.82 μg/mL against HepG2 cells, and 77.81 μg/mL against MCF-7 cells and a high selectivity index (SI), which suggested globulin had better anti-cervical, antihepatoma, and anti-breast activity but relatively low cytotoxicity. These seed proteins may have great prospects for the development and application of food and drugs in the future. Full article

An ultrasound-enzyme-assisted extraction (UEAE) was optimized to extract, simultaneously, the hydrophilic and lipophilic compounds from three berry pomaces (raspberry, strawberry and blackberry). First, an enzyme screening designated a thermostable alkaline protease as the most suitable enzyme to recover, in an aqueous medium, the highest yields of polyphenols and oil in the most efficient way. Secondly, the selected enzyme was coupled to ultrasounds (US) in sequential and simultaneous combinations. The simultaneous US–alkaline enzyme combination was selected as a one-single-step process and was then optimized by definitive screening design (DSD). The optimized parameters were: US amplitude, 20% (raspberry pomace) or 70% (strawberry and blackberry pomaces); pH, 8; E/S ratio, 1% (w/w); S/L ratio, 6% (w/v); extraction time, 30 min; temperature, 60 °C. Compared to conventional extractions using organic solvents, the UEAE extracted all the polyphenols, with around 75% of the active polyphenols (measured by the DPPH^● method) and up to 75% of the initial oil from the berry pomaces. Characterized lipophilic compounds were rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), tocols and phytosterols. The polyphenolics were analyzed by UPLC-MS/MS; characteristic ellagitannins of the Rosaceae family (sanguiin H-6 or agrimoniin, sanguiin H-10, …) and ellagic acid conjugates were found as the major components. Full article

This study aims to evaluate the ability of raspberry and blackberry pomace to inhibit lipid oxidation and prolong the refrigerated storage of beef patties. Berry pomace was incorporated into beef patties at the concentration of 1, 3, and 5%. Packed patties were stored for 9 days at 4 °C temperature and the quality of the meat was evaluated on the 0, 3rd, 6th, and 9th day. The natural mass loss during storage, the pH as well as the lipid oxidation were evaluated by thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance (TBARS) method. GC was used to determine the amount of fatty acids and e-nose, based on ultrafast gas chromatography, was used for the determination of volatile organic compounds in beef patties before and after the storage. The highest mass loss during refrigerated storage was observed in the control beef patties, while the berry pomace absorbed water and reduced the loss. The pomace additive influenced the decrease in the patties pH during the storage. Berry pomace can be very effective in relation to lipid oxidation, and as little as 1% of berry pomace influenced the decrease in the TBAR’s values in the patties stored for nine days by 3.06 and 2.42 times, depending on the pomace compared to the control patties. The use of berry pomace in meat products can reduce lipid oxidation, increase their fiber content and act as a thickener, as well as contribute to the usage of agri-food by-products. Full article

In this study, the blueberries (BLUB), raspberries (RASB), blackberries (BLCB), pomegranates pomace (POME) and beetroots (BEET) freeze-dried powders were used as the sources of phenolic compounds to enrich different types of chocolates, substituting a part of the sweetener. It was found that 1% addition of fruit or vegetable powders to chocolates increased the content of total phenolic compounds (flavan-3-ols, phenolic acids and anthocyanins) of enriched dark and milk chocolates compared to the control ones dependent on the powder used. Among the enriched chocolates, the chocolates with the addition of BLUB powder were characterized by the highest total polyphenol content. The highest percentage increase (approximately 80%) in the total polyphenol content was observed in MCH chocolate enriched with BLUB powder. Chocolates incorporated with BLUB, RASB, BLCB and POME powders presented a richer phenolic compound profile than control counterparts. The highest DPPH radical-scavenging capacity was exhibited by the DCH98S chocolate enriched with BEET powder. However, the DCH98ESt chocolates enriched with POME and BEET powders demonstrated the highest FRAP values. An electronic nose analysis confirmed the existence of differences between the profiles of volatile compounds of various types of chocolates enriched with fruit or vegetable powders. Thus, the enrichment of dark and milk chocolates with BLUB, RASB, BLCB, POME and BEET powders seemed to be an interesting approach to enhance bioactivity and to enrich the sensory features of various chocolate types. Full article

Blackberry pomace represents a valuable but underused byproduct of juice manufacturing. Its further applicability in various food systems is facilitated by detailed knowledge of its own bioactive potential. This study was focused on the investigation of the polyphenolic compound profile, total phenolic and ascorbic acid content, as well as 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity of blackberries (Rubus fruticosus L.) coming from spontaneous flora of two different areas of Romania, Paltinis (Sibiu County) and Zugau (Arad County) and their fractions, juice and pomace, resulting from home-scale processing. To ensure a satisfactory shelf life, the blackberry pomace was subjected to convective drying (60 °C for 12 hours) and the impact of this treatment on the antioxidant properties was evaluated. No significant differences in the investigated characteristics according to the place of origin were recorded. However, a slight increase in the antioxidant properties of fruits and fractions from the Zugau region, characterized by higher temperatures and a lower precipitation regime, was noticed compared with samples derived from the Paltinis area. The drying of blackberry byproducts led to losses of 10–23% in the content of the investigated bioactive compounds and DPPH radical scavenging activity. A significant correlation between DPPH radical scavenging activity and the total phenolic content has been recorded. Our findings are of interest in blackberry selection to enhance the level of bioactive compounds in the targeted products. The obtained results confirm that the blackberry processing byproducts may be regarded as a promising source of high-quality bioactive compounds and a proven radical scavenging capacity, representing a starting point for further analyses. This study responds to a global issue regarding fruit byproduct management in order to ensure the sustainable development of a circular economy. Full article