Search Results (455)

As pioneers in the reform of higher education in China, China’s new-type universities, often referred to as the fourth generation of universities, play a crucial role in driving the iteration of educational concepts and innovation in planning and design through their campus construction. As an emerging campus type, existing research largely focuses on planning and design schemes and the static form of campus space, lacking a systematic exploration of its historical dynamic evolution and core influencing factors. This study uses Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), which is a typical example of this new type of university, as a case study to analyze its spatial evolution characteristics, core driving factors, and spatial shaping mechanisms, considering the interactions among multiple stakeholders from the perspective of dynamic campus spatial development. It comprehensively utilizes literature and archive analysis, drawing and image comparison, and field research to systematically trace the entire lifecycle of SUSTech’s campus planning and construction. By combining cognitive maps and questionnaire surveys, it can explore the spatial imagery characteristics of the completed campus, analyze the key influencing factors of its spatial evolution, and propose critical thinking on related issues. It finds that SUSTech’s campus spatial form gradually took shape through a game of radical and eclectic ideas, exhibiting a dual characteristic of innovative pursuit and practical adaptation in terms of site attitude, innovative educational concepts, and planning and design concepts. Spatial evolution is the result of the combined effects of the demands of multiple stakeholders, changes in educational concepts, and the urban development context. This also reflects problems such as an imperfect consultation mechanism, inconsistent planning concepts, and insufficient functional adaptability of architectural images, which hinder the effective implementation of strategies for optimizing campus spaces in the context of China’s higher education transformation. This study reveals the inherent laws governing the dynamic evolution of new university campus spaces during the historical stage of China’s higher education transformation, providing theoretical and practical support for the planning, construction, and operational optimization of similar campuses. Full article

Accurate mapping of near-surface air temperature ($T_{\mathrm{air}}$) at the fine spatial resolution is required for city-scale monitoring and remains a critical challenge in Earth Observation (EO). Reliance on ground-based measurements is constrained by their sparse spatial coverage and high operational costs. We present a novel, scalable machine learning framework designed to overcome this limitation. Our method utilizes interpretable Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) to fuse high-resolution Landsat data, integrating both thermal and reflective spectral bands, with contextual spatiotemporal metadata. This approach allows for inference, at 30 m resolution, of $T_{\mathrm{air}}$ fields without relying on dense, localized ground monitoring networks. Our hybrid CNN architecture is optimized for spatial generalization, maintaining strong and transferable performance (station-wise $R^2\approx 0.88$) across diverse environments from humid coasts ($R^2\approx 0.89$) to arid interiors ($R^2\approx 0.84$). Although focused on a specific geographical region, our results suggest a robust and reproducible pathway for generating spatially consistent temperature fields from globally available EO archives, directly supporting urban heat island mitigation, climate policy development, and high-resolution public health assessment worldwide. Full article

This research provides a new comprehensive assessment of Pikimachay Cave fossil remains of extinct fauna from the Late Pleistocene and Early Holocene, curated in the Florida Museum of Natural History’s Environmental Archaeology Program collections. The collection is the result of excavations carried out by Richard MacNeish during the 1960s and 1970s, during which he proposed pre-Clovis dates for human occupation in South America. Archival records housed across three institutions were compiled to reconstruct the spatial distribution of megafauna within the cave. Taphonomic observations of the bone assemblage were conducted to better understand depositional processes and cave conditions. Based on the spatial distribution of fossil evidence mapped and documented by layer and the taphonomic evidence of the bone assemblage, we conclude that the cave functioned primarily as a giant ground sloth burrow, also used by humans and carnivores. Future research, including additional radiocarbon dates and better contextualization of the deposits, will be essential for better understanding the fossil fauna represented in the cave and the ecological relationships among humans, carnivores and extinct species in the highlands of Perú. Full article

This paper examines public architecture in Baghdad during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, focusing on how public buildings contributed to the formation of urban centrality and how this process interacted with local architectural practices. Rather than approaching public construction solely through administrative or ideological frameworks, the study conceptualizes public buildings as structuring components in the reconfiguration of the urban fabric. Methodologically, the research adopts a two-stage, multi-scalar approach. First, public buildings in Beirut, Damascus, and Baghdad are identified and comparatively analyzed using QGIS-based spatial analysis, employing Kernel Density Estimation and DBSCAN clustering to examine patterns of spatial concentration, distribution, and relationships with major urban axes. This comparative stage establishes a comparative spatial framework for understanding urban centrality in provincial capitals. In the second stage, Baghdad is examined as a focused case study through building-scale architectural analysis, incorporating plan organization, construction techniques, material use, and environmental adaptation based on archival documents, historical maps, and visual sources. The results indicate that public buildings in Baghdad were not isolated institutional entities but integral components in the formation of new urban focal areas structured along river-oriented and infrastructural axes. Architecturally, these buildings exhibit a hybrid character, combining standardized public building programs with locally embedded materials, construction methods, and spatial adaptations. The study concludes that public architecture in late Ottoman Baghdad emerged through a negotiated process between centralized planning principles and local architectural knowledge, producing a distinct yet contextually grounded form of urban centrality. Full article

This study applied SBAS-InSAR to a dense Sentinel-1 Single Look Complex (SLC) archive (146 scenes) to monitor the 1915 Çanakkale Bridge between 2022 and 2024 (data up to 7 January 2025 were available and considered in the time-series reconstruction). The analysis produced LOS mean velocity maps and pointwise displacement time series, revealing localized displacement concentrated near the Lapseki approach. Extreme LOS values reached approximately −101 mm (min) and +77 mm (max) across the domain, while maximum cumulative LOS displacement near the Asian anchorage approached −90 mm. These satellite observations suggest that ground-related processes may contribute to the detected observed movement; however, LOS-only measurements and limited in situ validations preclude a definitive separation between structural and geotechnical drivers. We therefore recommend targeted GNSS/levelling campaigns, ascending (ASC)–descending (DSC) InSAR fusion, and formal uncertainty reporting to better constrain the deformation sources and magnitude. The study concluded that the SBAS-InSAR method is effective for long-term, contactless monitoring of bridges and similar mega structures. It was also determined that this method can be used to identify critical areas requiring ongoing monitoring. Full article

Historic towns often lack thorough records, complicating the study of long-term material changes in the built environment. This study develops RoofChronoNet, a machine learning workflow that extracts roof covering classes from grayscale imagery and quantifies roofscape change over time. Applied to Tirilye (Bursa, Turkey), historical aerial photographs from 1970 and 1984 are colourised using a pix2pix generative adversarial network trained on 2022 imagery. A YOLOv11m-seg model then detects roof surfaces and classifies them into three roof covering categories: red, white, and dark grey, producing diachronic roofscape maps for 1970–2022. Bounding box detection reached mask mAP@0.50 of 0.81 (2022), ≈0.71 (1984), and 0.76 (1970, single class), while class-averaged mask mAP@0.50 was lower due to pixel-level delineation complexity. Results indicate the persistence of red-tiled roof regimes within the historic core alongside a growing presence of white and dark-grey roof coverings in peripheral areas, consistent with renovation-driven material diffusion after the 1980s. Methodologically, the study contributes a reproducible framework that operationalises chromatic differentiation as a measurable variable for mapping roof covering regimes in planning history research using monochrome historical aerial imagery. RoofChronoNet supports heritage-oriented and planning history interpretations of material regime shifts in data-scarce contexts; however, colourised outputs are synthetic and probabilistic, and spatial inferences should be corroborated with archival or field-based evidence where feasible. Full article

Extracting standardized digital design patterns from real knitted fabric images is critical for textile reverse engineering and digital archiving. Unlike smooth graphics, knitted fabrics exhibit high-frequency textures from yarn loop interlacing, introducing significant grayscale variations within same-color regions. Existing algorithms struggle to distinguish these from pattern edges, causing color quantization and segmentation failures. To suppress yarn texture while preserving edges between color blocks, we propose an adaptive pattern extraction method using Bayesian-optimized bilateral filtering. The primary contribution lies in providing a domain-specific, application-focused integrated framework. Specifically, (1) a knitting-texture-aware multidimensional evaluation parameter is constructed by integrating physical-cause-based texture features (gray-level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM) contrast, homogeneity, and Laplacian variance) with perception-based edge preservation metrics (the Sobel operator and the structural similarity index (SSIM)), enabling accurate discrimination between yarn-level texture noise and pattern-level color block boundaries—a distinction that generic image quality metrics cannot make. (2) Then, this domain-specific objective function is embedded within a Bayesian optimization framework to achieve automatic, zero-shot, per-image parameter adaptation across different knitting processes, without requiring any external training data. K-means color quantization maps in continuous tones to discrete classes, generating standardized patterns meeting knitting requirements. Experiments on 316 samples covering six processes show our method outperforms standard denoising and advanced algorithms like relative total variation (RTV), achieving an average SSIM of 0.83 and PSNR of 26.92 dB, reducing processing time from 15–30 min to 21 s per image, providing efficient automation for knitted Computer-Aided Design (CAD) systems. Full article

Movie archives still rely on manual cataloging and sparse metadata, limiting fine-grained retrieval, relationship tracing, and reuse under privacy-constrained edge settings. We propose EdgeCineTag-KG, an edge framework using a single video foundation encoder and knowledge-constrained multi-label learning to produce consistent labels and build a queryable movie-archive knowledge graph. The objective jointly models label co-occurrence, mutual exclusion, hierarchy, and temporal consistency to reduce semantic contradictions and label jitter. For deployment, an uncertainty-driven adaptive computation strategy meets real-time constraints with controlled quality loss. Across MovieNet, Condensed Movies, Trailers12k, MMTF-14K, and TVQA, performance improves from 47.8 to 55.6 mAP and from 38.2 to 44.9 Macro-F1 on MovieNet, from 42.1 to 49.3 mAP on Condensed Movies, and from 71.2 to 75.4 mAP on Trailers12k. Knowledge graph quality also improves, with rule violation rate dropping from 6.8% to 2.4% and link prediction MRR rising from 0.248 to 0.312. Under INT8 adaptive inference, the system reaches 5.3 Clip-FPS, 182 ms P95 latency, and 1.9 GB peak memory. This combination improves consistency and retrieval usability without relying on multiple stacked foundation models. These results support reliable, interpretable, and edge-deployable movie archive understanding. Full article

This study examines the ripple effects of parkification, the transformation of post-industrial landscapes into public parks and green infrastructure, in Greenville at the Upper State region of South Carolina. As many Southern mill towns contend with industrial decline, environmental degradation, and complex land-use legacies, parkification has emerged as a pragmatic response to constraint rather than a conventional redevelopment strategy. Framed as a process rather than an isolated design outcome, parkification is understood here as a generative mechanism that produces cumulative spatial, ecological, and institutional change beyond individual project boundaries. Using a mixed-methods approach that integrates spatial and temporal mapping, archival research, site analysis, and semi-structured interviews with key stakeholders and decision-makers, this study traces how parkification unfolds across time and scale. Three interconnected case studies in Greenville, Falls Park on the Reedy, Conestee Nature Preserve, and the Swamp Rabbit Trail, are examined to address how post-industrial parkification contributes to greenway network formation and broader urban–regional transformation in the American South. The findings reveal that parkification consistently emerged from conditions of environmental constraint, including contamination, flooding, infrastructural legacies, and limited redevelopment feasibility. Early parkification projects functioned as generative landscape nodes that catalyzed the expansion of green space and connectivity rather than remaining isolated amenities. By establishing visible, accessible, and publicly valued landscapes, these projects enabled the extension of trails, river corridors, and preserved infrastructures, contributing to the formation of an interconnected regional greenway system. Institutional alignment among civic organizations, public agencies, and landscape professionals further supported the scaling and replication of parkification. Together, these findings position parkification as a process-based landscape strategy capable of driving the spread of green areas and long-term urban connectivity in post-industrial regions. Full article

Central European children’s literature can be read as both archive—recording shifting norms, institutions, and visual regimes—and agent, a medium through which childhood, citizenship, and cultural memory are made legible. This conceptual article proposes an edition-sensitive framework for analysing texts, images, and paratexts across Central Europe (1860–2025), with particular attention to institutional mediation. Rather than offering a comprehensive dataset or causal claims about reception, it synthesises research in childhood history, book and media history, memory studies, and translation and circulation studies to advance three arguments. First, children’s books are institutionally framed artefacts: paratexts and material features (series branding, curricular endorsements, library markings, pricing cues, regulatory traces) can be read as historically interpretable speech acts of legitimation. Second, shifts in visual and material regimes should be analysed as changing conditions of legibility—expectations of clarity, affect, and authority—rather than as mere stylistic evolution. Third, translation and circulation function as infrastructures that reorganise repertoires and interpretive horizons, complicating nation-centred narratives without exhaustive market mapping. The article concludes by stating methodological limits (catalogue gaps, survival bias, uneven metadata) and outlining a transferable agenda for paratext-centred documentation and edition-sensitive reading. Full article

Groundwater, a vital resource for drinking water supply, must be managed sustainably to ensure its availability and quality. In France, the SISE-Eaux database on water intended for human consumption, archived by the Regional Health Agencies (ARS) since 1990, constitutes a rich source of information. This study focused on the groundwater of the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region, the largest administrative region in metropolitan France, covering 84,061 km² with 6 million inhabitants. It is based on a 22-year data extraction, resulting in a matrix of 121,649 observations and 51 physico-chemical and bacteriological parameters. Following logarithmic transformation of the data and fitting of variograms using the mean value of each parameter for each sampling point, the spatial distribution of numerous parameters across the region is presented. From this initial sparse matrix, a dense matrix of 23,319 samples (rows) and 15 key parameters (columns) was selected for a multivariate approach. A Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was used to condense the information and create summary maps capturing over 68% of the information contained in the dense matrix. The combined results of the multivariate analysis (dense matrix) and the distribution of individual parameters (sparse matrix) highlight the diversity of sources contributing to the spatial variability of groundwater, such as the role of lithology, the origin and pathways of fecal contamination, and the influence of redox processes. Neither the large size of the study area nor the high number of parameters proved to be an obstacle to the analysis. The understanding of ongoing processes and the factorial axis distribution maps, which enable the spatial representation of these mechanisms, can be used to facilitate groundwater monitoring and protection. Full article

Background/Objectives: Fundic gland polyps (FGPs) are the most common type of gastric polyp and have increased in prevalence in the proton pump inhibitor (PPI) era. Although traditionally considered benign, dysplasia has been described in both syndromic and sporadic FGPs; data from Asian cohorts remain limited. We evaluated the prevalence of FGPs with dysplasia (FGPD) and described associated clinical and endoscopic features in a Taiwanese tertiary-care cohort. Methods: We retrospectively searched institutional pathology archives for all gastric biopsy or polypectomy specimens diagnosed as FGP between January 2000 and December 2024 and mapped these specimens to unique patients using medical record numbers. Candidate dysplastic cases underwent slide review by gastrointestinal pathologists to confirm FGPD and grade dysplasia as low- or high-grade according to standard gastric dysplasia criteria. Cases were classified as syndromic if a hereditary polyposis syndrome was documented; otherwise, they were classified as sporadic. Clinical and endoscopic variables were abstracted from electronic medical records. Patient-level prevalence estimates among patients with FGP are reported with exact 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results: Among 35,806 unique patients with histologically confirmed FGP, 25 FGPD cases were confirmed (21 sporadic, 4 syndromic). The patient-level prevalence of sporadic FGPD was 0.059% (21/35,806; 95% CI: 0.036–0.090%). Among sporadic cases, dysplasia was low-grade in 19 (90.5%) and high-grade in 2 (9.5%). Sporadic cases occurred at a median age of 48 years (interquartile range [IQR]: 37–63.5 years), and 57.1% were female. Documented PPI exposure before the index FGPD endoscopy was present in 33.3% of patients (median documented duration: 36 months [IQR: 12–125]). No case had documented current Helicobacter pylori infection at the index evaluation. Endoscopically, sporadic FGPDs were commonly multiple, sessile, located in the gastric body/fundus, and small (median size: 0.5 cm [IQR: 0.3–0.575]). Conclusions: Sporadic FGPD was exceedingly rare in this 25-year Taiwanese cohort and was predominantly low-grade. Although typically small and body/fundus-predominant, FGPs with erythema or surface irregularity—particularly with irregular microvascular patterns on narrow-band imaging—should prompt histologic assessment to exclude dysplasia. Full article

This study develops a reproducible regional screening workflow to assess geothermal potential in the Cambrian reservoir system of Western Lithuania under conditions of sparse and heterogeneous legacy subsurface data. The approach integrates data compilation, cleaning, and harmonization from archival well materials, ordinary kriging spatialization of key reservoir properties with uncertainty multipliers, standardized doublet simulations to derive comparative thermal performance indicators, and a neural network surrogate to accelerate regional inference. The workflow integrates 12 compiled reservoir control points into a gridded regional representation (25 × 30 cells; ~6750 km²) and evaluates uncertainty through low, mid and high scenarios (±10%). Physics-based simulations were executed for 303 representative grid locations per scenario, yielding cumulative extracted-energy indicators on the order of 10⁵–10⁷ MWh across cases (reported as comparative indicators). The neural network surrogate reproduced simulation outputs with a high predictive agreement (test R² = 0.996; cross-validation mean R² ≈ 0.99), enabling swift prediction across the remaining grid cells after training. Relative potential maps highlight spatially coherent zones of higher prospectivity and provide a transparent basis for prioritizing follow-up investigations and data acquisition. The proposed framework is modular and can be refined as improved geological constraints, thermophysical properties, and operational assumptions become available. Full article

Over the last three decades, architecture has undergone a sustained digital transformation that has progressively displaced the ontology of the geometric generator, understood here as the primary artefact through which form is produced, controlled, and legitimized. This paper argues that, within one extended digital epoch, three successive regimes have reconfigured architectural agency. First, a digital model regime, in which computer-generated 3D models become the main generators of geometry. Second, a parametric code regime, in which scripted relations and numerical parameters supersede the individual model as the core design object, defining a space of possibilities rather than a single instance. Third, an emerging latent regime, in which diffusion and transformer systems produce high plausibility synthetic images as image-first generators and subsequently impose a post hoc image-to-geometry translation requirement. To make this shifting paradigm comparable across time, the paper uses the blob as a stable morphological reference and develops a comparative reading of four blobs, Kiesler’s Endless House, Greg Lynn’s Embryological House, Marc Fornes’ Vaulted Willow, and an author-generated GenAI blob curated from a traceable AI image archive, to show how the geometric generator migrates from object, to model, to code, to latent image-space. As a pre-digital hinge case, Kiesler is selected not only for anticipating blob-like continuity, but for clarifying a recurrent disciplinary tension, “ form first generators” that precede tectonic and programmatic rationalization. The central hypothesis is that GenAI introduces an ontological shift not primarily at the level of style, but at the level of architectural judgement and evidentiary legitimacy. The project can begin with a predictive image that is visually convincing yet tectonically underdetermined. To name this condition, the paper proposes the plausibility gap, the mismatch between visual plausibility and tectonic intelligibility, as an operational criterion for evaluating image-first workflows, and for specifying the verification tasks required to stabilize them as architecture. Selection establishes evidentiary legitimacy, while a friction map and Gap Index externalize the translation pressure required to turn predictive imagery into accountable geometry, making the plausibility gap operational rather than merely asserted. The paper concludes by outlining implications for authorship, pedagogy, and disciplinary judgement in emerging multi-agent design ecologies. Full article

This study examines the architectural heritage of Vlasotince, a small town in southern Serbia affected by long-term depopulation, economic stagnation, and insufficient institutional mechanisms for heritage care. The research provides a comprehensive and systematically documented basis for protecting the historic urban core—Stara čaršija—using an integrated methodology that combines archival analysis, urban and architectural surveying, interviews, and extensive 3D photogrammetric documentation. The collected dataset enabled the evaluation of cultural, architectural, and urban values, the identification of a coherent spatial cultural-historical unit, and the development of a typology of degradation affecting the historic fabric. Results show that 52% of buildings within the core possess exceptional or notable value, yet degradation is widespread: 40% of buildings exhibit altered openings or portals, 29% have lost decorative plasterwork, and 23% represent new constructions incompatible with the ambient character. Mapping values and vulnerabilities at the building level allow for the definition of priority interventions. The study demonstrates that combining digital documentation, spatial analysis, and value-based assessment offers an effective framework for heritage management in small towns with limited resources. The proposed methodological model is replicable and contributes to data-driven conservation planning, supporting the sustainable revitalization of historic urban landscapes in similar regional contexts. Full article