Assessing the health status of old trees is crucial for the effective protection and health management of old trees. In this study, we utilized an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) equipped with multispectral cameras to capture images for the rapid asses...
Banana trees, citrus fruit trees, pome fruit trees, grapevines, mango trees, and stone fruit trees are major fruit trees cultured worldwide and correspond to nearly 90% of the global production of woody fruit trees. In light of the above, the present...
Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) play essential roles in plants by modulating the expression of genes at the transcriptional or post-transcriptional level. In recent years, ncRNAs have been recognized as crucial regulators for growth and development in fores...
Large trees are keystone structures for the functioning and maintenance of the biological diversity of wooded landscapes. Thus, we need a better understanding of large-tree–other-tree interactions and their effects on the diversity and spatial struct...
In Hebrew scripture and the New Testament, trees play a prominent role, most obviously in the first chapters of Genesis and the last chapter of Revelations. Trees also serve as messianic heralds, as life-giving resources, as aesthetic standards of be...
Tree comparisons are used in various areas with various statistical or dissimilarity measures. Given that data in various domains are diverse, and a particular comparison approach could be more appropriate for specific applications, there is a need t...
Citizens’ interest in improving neighborhood greenspace is an important component of addressing the distributional inequity of urban trees and greenspace, which brings a variety of benefits to urban dwellers. With proper support, such interest...
Sustainable urban forests require tree acceptance and support. Two groups of respondents, professionals (working in urban green areas) and individuals (with no professional connection with trees) revealed their attitudes towards trees by assessing st...
Predicting pillar stability in underground mines is a critical problem because the instability of the pillar can cause large-scale collapse hazards. To predict the pillar stability for underground coal and stone mines, two new models (random tree and...
The interaction between woody plants and mycorrhizal fungi is an important biological interaction; however, the driving factors behind the diversity of mycorrhizal trees formed through the symbiosis of mycorrhizal fungi and woody plants remain unclea...
Where string grammars describe how to generate and parse strings, tree grammars describe how to generate and parse trees. We show how to extend generalized algebraic dynamic programming to tree grammars. The resulting dynamic programming algorithms a...
Tree growth depends on many factors such as microsite conditions, vitality, and variations in climate and genetics. It is generally accepted that higher growth indicates both an economic benefit and better vitality of any tree. Here we use a modified...
Trees are the most important landscape architects of our planet, not only in forests but also in countless other ecosystems, including human-fabricated habitats. Due to their significance in the majority of terrestrial ecosystems, trees play an impor...
Over the last decade, wireless devices have decreased in size and power requirements. These devices generally use batteries as a power source but can employ additional means of power, such as solar, thermal or wind energy. However, sensor networks ar...
We consider the problem of uniformly generating a spanning tree for an undirected connected graph. This process is useful for computing statistics, namely for phylogenetic trees. We describe a Markov chain for producing these trees. For cycle graphs,...
The traditional derivation of Runge–Kutta methods is based on the use of the scalar test problem
Large trees dominate stand-level biomass but their growth suffers more from droughts, while sheltering small trees during droughts. Under a warmer and drier climate, whether the growth decline of large trees could be compensated by prompted small tre...
Knowledge comes in various forms: scientific, artistic, legal, and many others. For most non-computer scientists, it is far easier to express their knowledge in text than in programming code. The dynamic decision tree system is a system for supportin...
Trees on buildings have received increased interest, and installations have multiplied over recent years, yet there is limited literature and policies guiding the successful implementation of projects relating to trees on buildings. This study invest...
Self-nested trees present a systematic form of redundancy in their subtrees and thus achieve optimal compression rates by directed acrylic graph (DAG) compression. A method for quantifying the degree of self-similarity of plants through self-nested t...
13 December 2020
Substances that do not degrade over time have proven to be harmful to the environment and are dangerous to living organisms. Being able to predict the biodegradability of substances without costly experiments is useful. Recently, the quantitative str...
The suffix tree is an extremely important data structure in bioinformatics. Classical implementations require much space, which renders them useless to handle large sequence collections. Recent research has obtained various compressed representations...
This article is a broad review focused on dragon trees—one of the most famous groups of trees in the world, well known from ancient times. These tertiary relicts are severely endangered in most of the area where they grow. The characteristic fe...
A vertex u in a graph G totally dominates a vertex v if u is adjacent to v. A set S of vertices in a graph G is a total dominating set of G if every vertex of G is totally dominated by at least one vertex of S. For a total dominating set S of a graph...
In this paper, we study arbitrary subword-closed languages over the alphabet
Big trees contribute to various ecosystem functions and spiritual values are given to them by local people, yet they are endangered. We compiled the health status, accessibility, and local habitat categories of the 2000 biggest (considering girth) tr...
The dimensional variables of trees play an important role in biomechanical studies that seek to estimate the risk of falls, since they influence their biomechanical behavior in relation to the forces to which they are subjected, and therefore, their...
Street trees are integral components of urban green infrastructure. The importance of benefits provided by street trees has motivated the development of various tools to quantify the value of ecosystem services. The i-Tree Eco is a widely applied met...
Comparing phylogenetic trees is a prominent problem widely used in applications such as clustering and building the Tree of Life. While there are many well-developed distance measures for phylogenetic trees defined on the same set of taxa, the situat...
Urban trees and green spaces provide a wide range of ecosystem services. Among urban green infrastructures, monumental trees represent key elements in these environments. Despite the growing recognition of their value, monumental trees in urban areas...
In this paper, based on the results of rough set theory, test theory, and exact learning, we investigate decision trees over infinite sets of binary attributes represented as infinite binary information systems. We define the notion of a problem over...
This study explores the health status of veteran Zelkova serrata trees (average age 300 years) in the Pohang region in the context of long-term climatic trends and local environmental variability. Eleven nationally designated veteran trees were monit...
Trees are one of the few carbon sinks in urban areas. Different methods are available to assess the biomass of urban trees, one of these being allometric biomass functions. Biomass functions are well investigated, reliable and easy to apply if the re...
This manuscript summarizes the process by which large trees are protected in Poland, how they gain protected status, and the use of acoustic tomography to assess the structural soundness of five individual trees. The authors discuss tree stressors an...
Trees have always been important as natural entities carrying a strong symbolic and metaphorical weight, not to mention their practical uses. Therefore, words and their gender, used to name natural entities as important as trees and particularly frui...
Laser scanning is an effective tool for acquiring geometric attributes of trees and vegetation, which lays a solid foundation for 3-dimensional tree modelling. Existing studies on tree modelling from laser scanning data are vast. However, some works...
Plantation-grown Fraser fir (Abies fraseri (Pursh) Poir.) Christmas trees were subjected to nine shearing regimes over nine years in a plantation in western North Carolina (USA). Treatments differed in the year of onset as well as the length of the r...
In recent years, advancements in remote and proximal sensing technology have driven innovation in environmental and land surveys. The integration of various geomatics devices, such as reflex and UAVs equipped with RGB cameras and mobile laser scanner...
In the European Union (EU), a total of 11,301,345 hectares are dedicated to the cultivation of fruit trees, mainly olive orchards, grapevines, nut trees (almond, walnut, chestnut, hazelnut, and pistachio), apple and pear trees, stone fruit trees (pea...
Combining street trees with stormwater management measures can, in some circumstances, both increase tree vitality and reduce the risk of flooding by directing stormwater into tree pits. Using systematic review methods, this study aimed to provide an...
Tree growth is under the combined influence of abiotic and biotic factors. Trees with different sizes may respond differently to these factors, implying that tree size heterogeneity may also modulate the overall growth trend. To test this hypothesis,...
The importance of tree genetic variability in the ability of forests to respond and adapt to environmental changes is crucial in forest management and conservation. Along with genetics, recent advances have highlighted “epigenetics” as an...
Protecting valuable trees with habitat significance in urban environments is not a new problem; however, it has only been addressed to date based on practitioner experience, rather than a proper scientific foundation. The lack of a developed methodol...
Trees are essential natural resources for ecosystem balance, regional development, and urban greening. Preserving trees has become a crucial challenge for society. It is common for the use of invasive or even destructive techniques for health diagnos...
A variety of labelings on trees have emerged in order to attack the Graceful Tree Conjecture, but lack showing the connections between two labelings. In this paper, we propose two new labelings: vertex image-labeling and edge image-labeling, and comb...
In this paper, we study three algorithmic problems involving computation trees: the optimization, solvability, and satisfiability problems. The solvability problem is concerned with recognizing computation trees that solve problems. The satisfiabilit...
This paper is devoted to the study of the quadruple Roman domination in trees, and it is a contribution to the Special Issue “Theoretical computer science and discrete mathematics” of Symmetry. For any positive integer k, a
Natural forests serve as the main component of the forest ecosystem. An in-depth interpretation of tree composition and structure of forest community is of great significance for natural forest conservation, monitoring, management, and near-natural s...
Characterizing complex heterogeneous structures in high-dimensional data remains a significant challenge. Traditional approaches often rely on summary statistics such as histograms, skewness, or kurtosis, which—despite their simplicity—ar...
We discuss the possibility of generalizing the Sturm comparison and oscillation theorems to the case of singular quantum trees, that is, to Sturm-Liouville differential expressions with singular coefficients acting on metric trees and subject to some...
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