Search Results (3,270)

Background/Objectives: Ceratonia siliqua L. (carob) is a rich source of bioactive compounds with potential health-promoting properties. This study investigated the kinetics of serum metabolites following the consumption of a carob beverage and evaluated associated changes in circulating antioxidant status. Methods: Fifteen apparently healthy adult men completed an acute postprandial intervention; only male participants were included to minimize the biological variability related to sex-dependent differences in phytochemical kinetics and antioxidant responses. Participants consumed a beverage from carob pod powder (30 g) dispersed in water (200 mL). Blood samples were collected at baseline and every 30 min for 6 h following intake. Serum metabolic profiling was performed using a non-targeted liquid chromatography–time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-TOF-MS) approach. Antioxidant responses were assessed by measuring ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and serum resistance to copper sulphate-induced oxidation. Results: Twenty-four putative metabolites were detected, including phenolic compounds, fatty acids, amino acids, dipeptides, monosaccharides, pyridoxine, and gut microbiota-derived metabolites. Urolithin B appeared at 30 min (28.0 ± 4.0 × 10² a.u.), while p-cresol sulfate increased from 53.3 ± 6.5 × 10² a.u. at baseline to 130.0 ± 7.0 × 10² a.u. at 30 min. FRAP values did not change significantly over time (p = 0.332), whereas oxidation lag time showed a significant time effect (p = 0.001), reaching its highest mean at 180 min (9093.5 ± 1885.1 s). Conclusions: Carob beverage consumption resulted in a diverse postprandial serum metabolite profile. Antioxidant responses appeared to be only partly explained by circulating phenolics, suggesting that additional pathways and bioactive constituents may contribute. Full article

Introduction: Breast milk is the best food for a growing infant during the first 6 months of life. The presence of trans fatty acids (TFAs) in breast milk can interfere with the synthesis of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs), increasing the risk of developing, among other issues, asthma or atopic dermatitis. TFAs are not synthesised de novo in the human body. Their content in breast milk may be a good marker of short-term dietary intake of these compounds by breastfeeding mothers. However, the literature shows differences in the assessment of the relationship between dietary TFAs intake and TFAs content in breast milk. Furthermore, the decrease in the TFAs content in food observed recently seems to make it impossible to use Craig-Schmidt’s formula to estimate the TFAs content in the diet or in breast milk. The aim of this study was to confirm the possibility of using TFAs content in breast milk as a marker of their short-term intake within the breastfeeding mother’s diet, together with an attempt at preliminary quantitative determination of the relationship between these parameters. Materials: The study material was collected from a single breastfeeding mother and included 10 breast milk samples and 10 samples of daily food rations reconstructed based on the 24 h food consumption survey. Methods: The content of fatty acids, including TFAs, was determined by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Results: The TFAs content in the whole-day mother’s diet and in 100 mL of breast milk ranged from 0.11 to 0.54 g/day and from 0.02 to 0.07 g, respectively. A strong statistically significant (p < 0.05) positive correlation between these parameters was found. Equations for an exploratory linear relationship between the TFAs content in a breastfeeding mother’s diet and the concentration of these fatty acids in breast milk have been developed. Due to the small number of samples, these data should be interpreted very cautiously and validated in a larger cohort. Conclusions: This single-participant pilot study suggests that TFAs content in breast milk may be a marker of the dietary intake of these compounds from the previous day. It seems that the dietary habits of breastfeeding mothers of twins are a significant factor influencing the composition of breast milk and, consequently, the nutritional quality of breastfed infants. Full article

The search for effective alternatives or adjuncts to conventional anti-infective strategies in food animals has increased interest in plant-derived bioactive compounds. Matrine, a quinolizidine alkaloid derived from Sophora flavescens, has attracted considerable attention because of its broad bioactivities and potential veterinary relevance. Recent oral pharmacokinetic and intestinal-lumen PBPK studies in pigs have begun to emerge; however, currently available swine data remain largely confined to oral exposure-oriented experiments and do not permit direct route comparison or estimation of absolute oral bioavailability. In the present study, the plasma pharmacokinetics of matrine in pigs were evaluated after single-dose intravenous and oral administration. Twelve healthy piglets received matrine at 8 mg/kg body weight via either the intravenous or oral route, and plasma concentrations were quantified using a validated UPLC–MS/MS method. Pharmacokinetic parameters were estimated by non-compartmental analysis. Compared with intravenous administration, oral dosing produced lower observed exposure based on ${\mathrm{A}\mathrm{U}\mathrm{C}}_{0-t}$ and a lower peak plasma concentration, with ${\mathrm{A}\mathrm{U}\mathrm{C}}_{0-t}$ and ${\mathrm{C}}_{\max }$ values of 418.94 ± 75.52 h·ng/mL and 66.24 ± 8.44 ng/mL, respectively, versus 558.01 ± 59.57 h·ng/mL and 224.64 ± 20.94 ng/mL after intravenous administration. Oral administration was associated with a ${\mathrm{T}}_{\max }$ of 2.49 ± 0.02 h and a longer apparent terminal half-life and mean residence time than intravenous dosing. These findings provide pharmacokinetic evidence to support future route selection, dosing-regimen design, and PK/PD-based dose optimization of matrine in pigs. Full article

The extent to which cricket frass placement and rate regulate fertility restoration and crop response in tropical acidic sandy soil remains insufficiently resolved. This greenhouse bioassay tested whether incorporated or surface-applied cricket frass differentially improved soil fertility and Chinese kale biomass, and whether these responses were rate-dependent. Cricket frass was applied by incorporation or surface placement at 3.125, 6.25, and 12.5 Mg (tonnes) ha⁻¹ and compared with an unamended control. The frass had pH of 6.95, EC 19.6 mS cm⁻¹, 10.7 g N kg⁻¹, 8446 mg P kg⁻¹, and 12,425 mg K kg⁻¹ and a C:N ratio of 16.8. At 12.5 Mg ha⁻¹, incorporation produced the greatest shoot dry biomass (7.16 g plant⁻¹), exceeding surface placement (4.78 g plant⁻¹) and the control (1.70 g plant⁻¹). High-rate incorporation increased NH₄⁺–N, net ammonification, available P, and microbial activity, reduced exchangeable acidity, and promoted greater nutrient uptake. Pearson correlation analysis showed that shoot biomass was strongly associated with plant nutrient uptake, soil P, pH, CEC, NH₄⁺–N, and net ammonification, and was negatively associated with soil Al and exchangeable acidity. Both placement methods improved fertility and yield relative to the control, but incorporation was superior at the high rate. Surface placement remains useful where soil disturbance must be minimized, although field validation with larger soil volumes and rainfall-driven processes is required. Full article

Radix Paeoniae Alba, the dried root of Paeonia lactiflora Pall., contains characteristic monoterpene glycosides, but efficient recovery of these polar constituents remains challenging. This study developed an ionic liquid-assisted sequential ultrasound–microwave extraction method and evaluated paeoniflorin, oxypaeoniflorin and albiflorin by HPLC as multi-marker responses. Among the ionic liquids tested, 1-propyl-3-methylimidazolium dihydrogen phosphate showed the best extraction response. Box–Behnken response surface optimization gave practical extraction conditions of a solid-to-liquid ratio of 1:26 g/mL, ionic liquid concentration of 0.12 mol/L and ultrasound time of 22 min. Under these conditions, paeoniflorin and total marker glycosides reached 29.12 and 34.98 mg/g dry material, respectively, representing increases of 32.4% and 34.5% compared with conventional reflux extraction. UPLC-QTOF-MS profiling provided complementary chemical profile information for the optimized extract and tentatively annotated Paeonia-related monoterpene glycoside derivatives, galloylated glucose derivatives and polyphenolic constituents. Electrostatic potential, SAPT and non-covalent interaction analyses, supported by ¹H NMR chemical shift perturbation, suggested possible hydrogen bonding, electrostatic and dispersion interactions between paeoniflorin and the selected ionic liquid. These results support the optimized process as an efficient extraction approach and provide molecular interaction insights into ionic liquid-assisted recovery of monoterpene glycosides. Full article

Running neural networks on battery-powered Internet of Things (IoT) sensor nodes is difficult because flash memory, SRAM, latency, and energy per inference are limited at the same time. Existing TinyML co-design methods usually improve model size or memory use, but runtime voltage–frequency control is often handled as a separate step. This separation limits energy saving because the power policy does not use the layer-wise compute profile of the final compressed model. We propose the Cross-Layer Resource Optimizer (CLRO), a three-stage resource optimization pipeline for TinyML inference on an ARM Cortex-M7 target. The first stage, Mixed-Precision Aware Pruning and Distillation (MPAD), assigns per-layer bit widths and pruning ratios using calibration-set sensitivity scores. The second stage, consisting of the Activation Lifetime-Aware Tensor Scheduler (ALTS), uses the compressed graph to find an execution order that reduces peak live static random-access memory (SRAM). The third stage, Reinforcement Learning-Based Dynamic Voltage and Frequency Scaling (DVFS-RL), trains a tabular Q-learning policy from the multiply–accumulate (MAC) utilization profile of the compressed and scheduled model. The learned voltage–frequency policy is stored as a small flash lookup table, so it adds no runtime decision cost during inference. We evaluate the CLRO on all four MLPerf Tiny tasks using an STM32H743ZI microcontroller with 512 kB SRAM and 2 MB flash. The CLRO reaches 91.7% image classification accuracy, 95.4% keyword-spotting accuracy, 89.6% visual wake words accuracy, and 0.913 anomaly detection AUC. The final deployment uses 198 kB flash and 174 kB peak SRAM, with 387 μJ energy per inference and 38 ms latency. Compared with the MCUNet baseline, the CLRO reduces energy by 58.1% and peak SRAM by 39% while keeping the same accuracy level. Full article

The increasing prevalence of multiclass pesticide residues in aquatic environments poses a significant threat to ecosystems and human health. To address this challenge, magnetic Fe₃O₄@Co₅Al-LDH nanoparticles were synthesized as high-performance, easily recoverable catalysts for the peroxymonosulfate (PMS)-mediated degradation of epoxiconazole, atrazine, and metalaxyl. Under optimized conditions (pH 7.0, 35 mg catalyst, and 4.0 mM PMS), the system achieved 100% degradation of the three coexisting pesticides within 15 min. Quenching experiments and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy confirmed that SO₄⁻ and ^•OH radicals were the primary reactive species driving the process. Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis identified four intermediates for epoxiconazole, three for atrazine, and four for metalaxyl, facilitating the proposal of distinct degradation pathways. The degradation mechanism revealed that electron transfer between Fe/Co and PMS promoted the generation of reactive oxygen species, leading to dechlorination, hydroxylation, and dealkylation of the pesticides transiently adsorbed on the surface of Fe₃O₄@Co₅Al-LDH. In summary, this study demonstrates that Fe₃O₄@Co₅Al-LDH is an easily recoverable, reusable, and cost-effective catalyst for the simultaneous remediation of complex pesticide mixtures in water. Full article

Tunnel boring machine (TBM) excavation generates continuous mechanical vibration that can obscure weak, short-duration propagating responses related to structural-plane disturbance. This study develops a Signal-Constrained Activation Detection and Localization (SCADL) framework using continuous three-component geophone-array records. SCADL first constructs an adaptive multi-station consistency trigger from synthesized three-component envelopes and rejects non-propagating mechanical disturbances using coherence and polarization constraints. First arrivals are picked by fusing statistical abrupt-change, local onset-gradient, and polarization-variation evidence, and event locations are estimated using an ahead-of-face layered velocity model and relative correction of similar event pairs. A multi-evidence activation index then integrates spatial clustering, coupling with the face-disturbance zone, shear/compression energy ratio, temporal evolution, and event quality to identify high-confidence candidate structural-plane activation events. The workflow was evaluated using one 16 h continuous field monitoring record acquired from a single TBM monitoring section and manually reviewed reference sets comprising 286 propagating events, 136 high-confidence events for arrival-time evaluation, and 96 events for activation-assessment review. SCADL identified 263 valid propagating events, achieved an event-level F1-score of 0.88, reduced the median arrival-time picking error to 2.4 ms, constrained the localization residual to 2.9 ms, and compressed the corrected cluster thickness to 0.82 m. Among the detected events, 86 high-confidence candidate activation events formed two clusters spatially consistent with the F04 and F02 structural zones confirmed by post-excavation geological validation. These results support the feasibility of SCADL for single-section TBM monitoring. Full article

This study investigated the inhibitory effect of nanoemulsions (NEs) derived from various essential oils (EOs) and seed oils (SOs) against pathogenic bacteria isolated from rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). The EOs of eucalyptus, mandarin, and basil were extracted by hydrodistillation, while the SOs of avocado and pumpkin were extracted by supercritical fluids. GC–MS analysis determined the chemical composition, revealing that limonene (70.88%), eucalyptol (57.85%), and camphor (24.61%) were the main components of the EOs. The SOs were rich in palmitic acid (avocado) and linoleic acids (pumpkin) and contained phytosterols such as β-sitosterol and stigmasterol. Avocado seed oil had the highest total phenolic content and antioxidant activity. Eight stable NEs, prepared from individual and mixed oils, were tested against Salmonella enterica subsp. salamae, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella variicola, Bacillus oceanisediminis, and Bacillus thuringiensis. Most NEs were effective against E. coli and B. oceanisediminis, with an additive effect for SOs mixtures and a minimum inhibitory concentration of 0.53 μL/mL (E. coli), 0.53 μL/mL (B. oceanisediminis), and 2.13 μL/mL (B. thuringiensis). The bacteriostatic and bactericidal activity was 1.62 and 6 h with E. coli and NE Mix AP. These findings suggest that nanoemulsions containing SOs are promising candidates for controlling bacterial contamination in fishery products. Full article

Background: Skin aging is driven by oxidative stress and ultraviolet (UV) exposure, leading to extracellular matrix degradation and loss of skin elasticity. This study aimed to identify the most biologically active Citrus species using a bioassay-guided approach and evaluate its potential for dermal applications. Methods: Hydroalcohol extracts and ethyl acetate fractions of Citrus sinensis, Citrus aurantifolia, and Citrus reticulata leaves were screened for antioxidant, enzyme-inhibitory, and polyphenol content. The most active fraction was characterized by UPLC-PDA and LC–MS/MS, formulated into Span-based nanovesicles, and evaluated for physicochemical properties and drug release. Biological activity was assessed using an in vitro scratch wound-healing assay on human dermal fibroblasts and a UVA-induced photoaging mouse model, supported by molecular dynamics simulations. Results: The ethyl acetate fraction of C. aurantifolia (CAE) exhibited the highest biological activity among the tested samples. This fraction showed potent antioxidant activity (DPPH IC₅₀ = 3.53 ± 0.05 µg/mL), marked inhibition of elastase (91.3%), collagenase (92.0%), and tyrosinase (80.2%), and a high total flavonoid content (110.49 mg rutin equivalents/g). Phytochemical profiling of CAE tentatively identified fourteen compounds, predominantly flavonoids, with hesperidin (30.4 mg/g) as a major constituent. The optimized nanovesicles (184 ± 0.9 nm, PDI 0.10, EE% 75.0%) enabled sustained hesperidin release. CAE and CAEnp enhanced fibroblast migration and accelerated wound closure at 24 h (p < 0.05). In vivo, CAEnp improved UVA-induced histopathological alterations and modulated oxidative stress-related markers by reducing p62/SQSTM1 by 28.7%, Keap1 expression to 21% compared with the CAE-treated group, and enhancing Nrf2, ARE, and NQO1 expression by 54.1%, 28.3%, and 57%, respectively. Molecular dynamics simulations supported stable hesperidin binding to elastase and suggested possible modulation of collagenase flexibility. Conclusions: The polyphenol-rich leaf fraction from C. aurantifolia, identified through comparative bioassay-guided fractionation, demonstrated antioxidant, enzyme-inhibitory, wound-healing, and photoprotective effects, particularly after nanoformulation. These findings support its potential for further development as a natural topical anti-aging candidate. Full article

Real-time monitoring of endangered birds on edge AI hardware is constrained by a structural mismatch between modern lightweight detectors and mainstream NPU deployment toolchains. Recent attention-based detectors rely heavily on dynamic-shape operators that fall back to the host CPU on embedded NPUs, negating the advantages of lightweight architectures. To address this, we propose eBirdNet-Nano, a 1.05 M-parameter detector derived from YOLOv12n through a three-level NPU-friendly redesign: a static NPUConv block at the operator level, an NPU-C3k2 module together with an NPU-SE-Block at the module level, and a balanced 64-channel detection head at the head level. The resulting model achieves a 59% parameter reduction over YOLOv12n at only 5.8 GFLOPs while attaining an mAP@0.5 of 0.929 on a curated 24-species endangered-bird dataset collected in Macao. We further evaluate the model across four heterogeneous edge platforms—the Rockchip RK3588 (ARM + NPU), Kendryte K230 (RISC-V + KPU), Raspberry Pi 4B (pure ARM), and LicheePi 4A (pure RISC-V)—to characterize its behavior under distinct execution models. On the RK3588 NPU under INT8 quantization, eBirdNet-Nano delivers 13.83 ms inference latency and 26.76 ms end-to-end latency at 37.4 FPS, attaining the best parameter–latency balance and the highest parameter-normalized throughput (35.62 FPS/M) among six nano-scale YOLO variants, with an overall 3.53× end-to-end speedup over the YOLOv12n FP16 baseline that decomposes into a 2.97× architectural factor and a 1.19× quantization factor. Integrated into the EbirdEye field terminal, the same model sustains 23.5 ms thread-level end-to-end latency during live operation while supporting approximately 13.5 h of battery-powered runtime per charge. The proposed design offers a practical pathway toward deployable, low-power AI terminals for endangered-species conservation in resource-constrained field environments. Full article

Purple carrot peels are an abundant agro-industrial by-product rich in phytochemicals and have potential applications such as natural colorants and antioxidants. In the context of increasing interest in the valorization of vegetable processing residues, the recovery of bioactive compounds from such materials has become an important scientific and industrial objective. This study aimed to optimize the parameters of a solvent extraction process to maximize total anthocyanin content (TAC), total polyphenol content (TPC), and antioxidant activity (AA) from purple carrot peels. A Central Composite Design, combined with response surface methodology, was used to evaluate the effects of temperature, extraction time, ethanol concentration, and pH across 30 experimental runs. The optimal extraction conditions were identified as pH 4, an ethanol concentration of 50%, a temperature of 80 °C, and an extraction time of 35.88 min. Under the optimized extraction conditions, the experimental values obtained for TAC, TPC, and AA were 2.10 mg C3G/g D.W., 20.60 mg GAE/g D.W, and 19.02 mMol Trolox/g D.W, respectively, which were in close agreement with the predicted values of 2.10 mg C3G/g D.W., 20.30 mg GAE/g D.W, and 19.05 mMol Trolox/g D.W. The good agreement between predicted and experimental values confirmed the adequacy and predictive capability of the developed response surface models. A total of 32 phenolic compounds were characterized by UHPLC–MS/MS, with shikimic acid identified as the dominant compound, highlighting the chemical diversity and abundance of bioactive phenolics in purple carrot peels. The results demonstrate that optimization of extraction parameters significantly enhances the efficiency of conventional solid–liquid extraction, enabling the effective recovery of antioxidant compounds. The proposed approach supports the sustainable valorization of purple carrot by-products as cost-effective sources of natural pigments for food industry applications. Full article

Marine medicinal algae represent a valuable reservoir of bioactive metabolites for anticancer drug discovery, yet the efficient identification of target-relevant compounds from chemically complex marine matrices remains challenging. In this study, an integrated cathepsin B-oriented strategy was developed to discover, prioritize, isolate, and validate antitumor metabolites from the brown alga Sargassum polycystum. Affinity ultrafiltration LC-MS was first applied to screen CTSB-binding constituents from the crude extract, followed by molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulation, and gray relational analysis for multidimensional candidate prioritization. Seven CTSB-binding metabolites were characterized, including chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, cynarin, loliolide, taxifolin, senkyunolide H, and dihydroactinidiolide, with binding degrees of 73.99–85.61% at 2.5 U/mL CTSB. Molecular docking showed predicted binding affinities ranging from −6.3 to −9.4 kcal/mol, compared with −10.2 kcal/mol for the positive control CA-074Me. Integrated computational and biological evaluation identified caffeic acid, cynarin, and taxifolin as the top-ranked candidates. Preparative recovery was then achieved using counter-current chromatography combined with semi-preparative HPLC, and the isolated compounds were structurally identified by LC-MS/MS and NMR. Cellular assays in NCI-H1975 cells suggested that these metabolites reduced CTSB-associated enzymatic activity and intracellular CTSB-related fluorescence signals to different extents, with phenolic acid-type compounds exhibiting comparatively stronger effects. At the extract level, S. polycystum dose-dependently suppressed NCI-H1975 xenograft tumor growth, with inhibition rates of 48.78%, 36.58%, and 22.86% in the high-, middle-, and low-dose groups, respectively, without evident hepatorenal histopathological toxicity. This effect was associated with reduced CTSB, Ki-67, and Bcl-2 staining, increased Bax staining, enhanced apoptosis, and ultrastructural alterations in tumor tissues. Overall, this study provides a practical CTSB-oriented workflow for discovering antitumor metabolites from marine medicinal algae and supports further investigation of S. polycystum as a potential source of anti-NSCLC candidates. Full article

Background: The m⁷G cap structure, which mimics the natural cap of eukaryotic mRNA, is a critical determinant of mRNA vaccine efficacy, safety, and stability. However, its precise quantification remains challenging due to complex impurity profiles and the high physicochemical similarity between the target cap and related impurities. Although liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS) is widely employed for this purpose, current methodologies still face significant limitations, including labor-intensive sample preparation, low analytical throughput, poor reproducibility in quantifying low-level impurities, and a lack of universally applicable strategies across diverse mRNA vaccine platforms. Methods: We systematically optimized sample preparation and LC-MS detection workflows. RNase H-mediated cleavage was compared with DNAzymes, guide DNA probes were rationally designed, and thermostable RNase H was introduced for one-step denaturation and cleavage. To establish an accurate, efficient, and universal sample preparation workflow. Chromatographic conditions were optimized using an ion-pairing reagent system to suppress ESI-MS metal adducts. Eliminating sample purification improves recovery, reduces manual handling errors, and boosts assay efficiency. Results: Through optimally designed guide DNA probes, RNase H cleavage specificity reached ≥98% with high cleavage efficiency, offering higher efficiency than DNAzyme. Furthermore, the incorporation of thermostable RNase H enabled a single-step workflow combining high-temperature denaturation and site-specific cleavage, substantially streamlining sample preparation. On the chromatographic side, optimization of the ion-pairing reagent system effectively suppressed metal adduct formation in electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS). This advancement enabled direct injection of the 5′ cap fragments without purification, achieving high-recovery quantification while demonstrating broad compatibility across mainstream LC-MS platforms. The optimized assay reduces the total analytical workflow from 4~6 h to under 1.5 h. Conclusions: Combining high accuracy, robustness, and broad platform compatibility, this method offers a universal, high-throughput analytical solution for mRNA vaccine quality control and continuous process development. Full article

In this study, a new series of (E)-4-((2-(2-(4-amino-3-methyl-5-oxo-4,5-dihydro-1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)acetyl)hydrazono)methyl)phenyl 4-halogenobenzenesulfonates (3a–3d), where 3a = F, 3b = Cl, 3c = Br, and 3d = I, were successfully synthesized via a straightforward synthetic route. The structures of the obtained compounds were fully characterized and confirmed by spectroscopic techniques, including FT-IR, ¹H NMR, and ¹³C NMR, as well as LC-MS/MS analysis. 1,2,4-triazole-based hydrazone derivatives (3a–3d) were investigated using IR and NMR spectroscopy and DFT calculations. Intermolecular interactions, HOMO-LUMO, dipole moment, polarization, first-order hyperpolarizability, and molecular electrostatic potential studies on the molecules were examined. The HOMO and LUMO energy gap study supports the charge transfer probability in the molecules. These were conducted to investigate the reactivity and stability of heterocyclic molecules in bioactivity analysis. Electron density mapping within the molecular electrostatic potential plot and electrostatic potential representation within the iso-surface plot evaluated the concept of charge distribution in the molecule as nucleophilic reactions and electrophilic regions. The predicted nonlinear optical (NLO) properties of the molecules are much greater than those of urea. The results obtained from these investigations collectively provide evidence that the molecules possess nonlinear optical applications. Novel triazole–hydrazone-functionalized aryl sulfonate derivatives (3a–3d) were evaluated for their anticancer potential against a panel of brain and non-brain cancer cell lines. Compound 3b exhibited the most favorable overall biological profile, displaying potent activity against SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma (GI = 7.59 μM) and U87MG glioblastoma cells (GI = 13.85 μM), together with the lowest toxicity toward normal FL fibroblasts (GI = 62.02 μM). Compounds 3c and 3d demonstrated remarkable potency against IDHmut-U87 glioma cells (GI = 3.87 and 3.27 μM, respectively), although their selectivity toward cancer cells was limited. DNA degradation studies revealed substantial fragmentation, particularly in C6 and SH-SY5Y cells, while migration assays indicated reduced cellular motility. Molecular docking studies identified compound 3b as the strongest PI3Kα binder, supporting a possible. In addition, the antimicrobial activities of compounds 3a–3d were evaluated against selected Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria as well as Candida species using the broth microdilution method. The compounds exhibited measurable antimicrobial effects with MIC values ranging from 156 to 625 µg/mL, showing moderate growth inhibition against the tested microorganisms. Although the observed activity was lower than that of the reference antimicrobial agents, the results indicate that these triazole–hydrazone derivatives possess a detectable level of antimicrobial activity and provide a basis for further structural optimization. Collectively, the results suggest that compound 3b represents the most promising lead structure due to its balanced combination of potency, selectivity, and predicted target engagement. Molecular docking was performed to evaluate the binding potential of newly synthesized triazole derivatives (3a–3d) against PI3Kα. The docking protocol was validated by re-docking alpelisib, yielding an RMSD of 0.64 Å. Among the tested compounds, 3b showed the most favorable binding energy (−9.94 kcal/mol) and estimated Ki value (52.13 nM), consistent with its superior in vitro activity. Its interactions with key PI3Kα residues, including Val851, Ser854, Met922, and Asp933, support a stable binding mode within the ATP-binding pocket. In silico ADME and toxicity analyses suggested acceptable drug-likeness characteristics, absence of major hepatotoxic, mutagenic, and carcinogenic liabilities, and moderate predicted acute toxicity profiles. These findings suggest that 3b is the most promising derivative for further validation. Full article