Search Results (23,577)

Background: This study examined the association between body listening and resilience among Korean elementary school students, focusing on the mediating role of social-emotional competence and the moderating role of perceived awareness. Methods: Participants were 78 students in Grades 3–6 from an elementary school in South Korea. Data were collected via surveys and analyzed using descriptive statistics, correlation analyses, mediation analysis, and moderated mediation analysis with the jAMM module in jamovi. Results: The results show that body listening was positively associated with both social-emotional competence and resilience. Social-emotional competence was a statistically significant partial mediator of the relationship between body listening and resilience. In addition, perceived awareness was a statistically significant moderator of the relationship between body listening and social-emotional competence, such that this association was stronger at higher levels of perceived awareness. These findings suggest that body listening is associated with resilience both directly and indirectly through social-emotional competence, and the association between body listening and social-emotional competence differed according to the level of perceived awareness. Conclusion: The findings indicate that fostering social-emotional competence and resilience among elementary school students requires helping them attend to bodily sensations and recognize their current physical and mental state. Full article

Chiral auxetic lattices convert axial loading into node rotation, producing negative Poisson’s ratios and high energy absorption. This purely numerical study establishes a quasi-static baseline for additively manufacturable polyamide-12 (PA12) tetra-chiral lattices in which the chiral arm angle (0–90°) is treated as a design variable; no experiments were performed, and the model is verified rather than validated. Geometrically non-linear elastoplastic finite element analyses with a data-sheet-derived bilinear PA12 card and frictional self-contact were carried to 20% nominal strain and supported by mesh convergence, seeded-imperfection and friction sensitivity studies, a full-field lateral-strain measure and a refined sweep at 5° resolution. The arm angle switches the response between a stretch-dominated non-auxetic regime (0°, 50–90°) and a rotation-dominated auxetic regime (15–45°) whose lateral kinematics are not sensitive to mesh density, friction and seeded imperfections. The 15° lattice maximizes stiffness and peak force but is an isolated spike in the refined sweep, exhibits a collapse-mode bifurcation whose branch is selected by the discretization, and reaches the PA12 ductility limit after 3.5 mm of stroke. The 30° architecture sustains 9.4 mm before fracture onset and delivers the highest damage-bounded specific energy absorption of the auxetic window (820 J/kg on the baseline mesh), emerging as the design optimum. Full article

Vibrio alginolyticus is a major aquaculture pathogen whose virulence is largely mediated by the type II secretion system (T2SS). However, the functions of key T2SS components, including gspJ, gspL, and gspM, remain unclear. Earlier research indicated that a Scutellaria baicalensis extract at 8 mg/mL markedly suppressed the growth, motility, and biofilm-forming capacity of V. alginolyticus ND-01 (OD600 = 0.5) following 12 h of treatment, with the resulting stress substantially altering the expression of multiple genes, including gspJ, gspL, and gspM. The gspJ-RNAi, gspL-RNAi, and gspM-RNAi strains were constructed using RNAi. Biological functional assays demonstrated that stable silencing of gspJ, gspL, and gspM markedly decreased biofilm formation ability (84.01%, 24.99%, and 78.26%, respectively) and host cell adhesion (73.57%, 75.65%, and 79.61%, respectively); gspJ and gspM silencing reduced motility (54.82% and 57.42%, respectively), whereas gspL silencing enhanced motility by 38.49%, indicating their essential roles in virulence-associated phenotypes. Notably, in vivo infection of Epinephelus coioides revealed that gspL-RNAi significantly attenuated pathogenicity, as evidenced by reduced host mortality (50%) and decreased bacterial colonization in liver and spleen tissues, compared with the wild-type group. Consistently, Label-Free Proteomic Analysis of the gspL-RNAi strain identified 189 differentially expressed proteins in the gspL-silenced strain, with enrichment in two-component signaling, ABC transport systems, and amino acid metabolism. Network analysis further positioned gspL as a central regulatory hub linking T2SS activity to signal transduction, transport, and metabolic pathways. In addition, the expression of gspJ-RNAi, gspL-RNAi, and gspM-RNAi exhibited distinct responses to environmental stresses, including pH and temperature variation. Collectively, our findings highlight that gspJ, gspL, and gspM are critical regulators of virulence in V. alginolyticus, with gspL playing a central role in coordinating T2SS function with global regulatory networks. This study advances our understanding of the pathogenic mechanisms of V. alginolyticus and provides potential targets for the development of anti-virulence aquaculture strategies. Full article

Conventional knee orthoses (KOs) are fabricated from petroleum-based plastics and are difficult to recycle, while filament-based fused deposition modeling is limited by low deposition efficiency and weak interlayer strength for large load-bearing devices. Herein, the authors reported fused granular fabrication (FGF) of lightweight, biodegradable KOs from poly(lactic acid)/poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate)/bamboo fiber (PLA/PBAT/BF) composites. Composites with 2, 6, and 10 wt.% BF were melt-compounded using zinc acetate as a transesterification catalyst and directly granule-printed. Rheological and morphological analyses revealed that increasing BF loading raised melt viscosity and elasticity, albeit with local fiber aggregation. Tensile strength decreased from 37.0 to 26.0 MPa with fiber addition, whereas notched impact strength improved from 7.2 to 11.6 kJ/m², attributed to fiber pull-out, interfacial debonding, and matrix plastic deformation. A demonstration KO weighing only 243 g was printed. Printability depended strongly on nozzle temperature and speed: at 40 mm/s, all BF loadings failed, whereas 10 wt.% BF achieved defect-free printing at 220 °C and 30 mm/s. An optimal processing window of 10 wt.% BF, 190–220 °C, and 30 mm/s yielded tough, lightweight, biodegradable, custom-fit orthoses, demonstrating promising potential for rehabilitation applications. Full article

The false root-knot nematode, Nacobbus aberrans, is a major threat to Latin American agricultural soils, affecting high-demand crops and posing a potential risk to Europe. Alternatively, using weeds to develop botanical nematicides is a viable strategy given the large amount of available, unused biomass. This study researched the nematicidal potential of plant extracts from Lysimachia arvensis and Ipomoea purpurea, two greenhouse weeds from central Mexico, against N. aberrans. Examination 90 days post-infection revealed that exposure to the bioactive extract of I. purpurea reduced the galling index and the female population per gram of root (2.3 ± 0.6). Additionally, root J2 (2.3 ± 1.2), eggs (22.0 ± 3.5), and roots infected with J2–J4 showed no significant differences compared with the commercial control. Full article

Background/Objectives: Early systemic antibiotics are central to open-fracture care, but a 60 min operational target does not establish a biological infection threshold. We examined how time origin, cutoff, and outcome definition affect interpretation of reported associations. Methods: Evidence was reconstructed from two preserved bibliographic inventories containing 24 entries. Complete database-search exports were unavailable, and selection, extraction, ROBINS-E, and GRADE were not independently duplicated. The protocol was archived retrospectively on OSF (doi:10.17605/OSF.IO/7J8QN). Estimates were described separately by time origin, cutoff, adjustment, outcome, and follow-up for a target population aged at least 18 years. No pooled estimate was retained. Results: The historical evidence map contained 16 reports, including contextual reports that did not establish applicability to the target population. This is not a verified final included-study count. Within the preserved inventory, no threshold-by-time-origin group supplied two compatible adjusted estimates. A 191-patient cohort reported an adjusted odds ratio of 1.02 (95% CI 0.39–2.68) at 60 min after emergency-department arrival. Recorded appraisals indicated predominantly high or very high risk of bias and very low certainty; these judgements were not independently verified. Conclusions: Distinguishing care-process targets from causal thresholds improves interpretation of the available reports. However, incomplete searching and single-investigator assessment limit the reliability and completeness of this synthesis. The observational associations establish neither causal thresholds nor the safety of delay and do not justify postponing indicated prophylaxis. Full article

This study examined the co-pyrolysis of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) and hydrochar from Camellia oleifera shell (HCS), focusing on thermal decomposition behavior, non-isothermal kinetics, thermodynamics, and the interaction mechanism between the two feedstocks. Hydrothermal carbonization raised the heating value of Camellia oleifera shell from 18.07 MJ/kg (raw CS) to 20.80 MJ/kg (HCS), confirming its fuel-upgrading effect, while HDPE alone reached 46.40 MJ/kg. TG-DTG analysis of HDPE, HCS, and their blends at five HCS:HDPE mass ratios (1:9, 3:7, 5:5, 7:3, and 9:1, denoted 1HCS9HDPE through 9HCS1HDPE) at 5–25 °C/min showed a single sharp decomposition stage for HDPE, a broader profile with much higher char yield for HCS, and non-additive DTG behavior in the blends, pointing to a synergistic interaction. Isoconversional kinetics (FWO, KAS, Starink, Friedman) showed activation energy rising steadily with conversion for HDPE (170–240 kJ/mol), a plateau-then-sharp-rise pattern for HCS (180–400 kJ/mol), and marked fluctuations at intermediate conversion for the balanced blends, a signature of composition-dependent synergy. Thermodynamic analysis (ΔH, ΔG, ΔS) confirmed an endothermic, non-spontaneous process throughout, with entropy trends mirroring the kinetic fluctuations. A hydrogen-radical transfer mechanism between HDPE- and hydrochar-derived intermediates is proposed to explain the reduced char yield and non-additive behavior of the blends. Overall, the results support hydrochar–HDPE co-pyrolysis as a viable route for combined agricultural and plastic waste valorization and provide kinetic and mechanistic data to guide co-pyrolysis process design. Full article

This study examines the evolving intellectual structure of artificial intelligence (AI) adoption at the intersection of entrepreneurship and digital transformation. Using a hybrid bibliometric–thematic review design with VOSviewer software, the study analyzes 1085 Web of Science publications (2017–2026) selected through a screening protocol. Performance analysis and four types of science mapping—co-word analysis, term co-occurrence, co-authorship, and institutional/geographic networks—were employed to identify publication trajectories, influential contributors, and the conceptual architecture of the field. The findings reveal a pronounced J-curve in publication growth, with substantial acceleration after 2022. Five dominant thematic domains emerge: AI and ecosystem strategy, strategic management and dynamic capabilities, predictive analytics and SME applications, digital transformation and sustainability, and behavioral determinants of technology acceptance. The thematic synthesis suggests that AI adoption in entrepreneurial contexts is a multi-level organizational phenomenon shaped by capability development, institutional conditions, human–AI complementarity, and responsible governance. The review identifies a clear shift from predictive and technical applications toward strategic, human-centered, and sustainability-oriented perspectives. By integrating bibliometric evidence with interpretive thematic analysis, this study addresses literature fragmentation and develops a coherent future research agenda emphasizing longitudinal designs, cross-level theorization, contextual sensitivity, and ethical AI frameworks. The study provides a foundation for scholars, entrepreneurs, and policymakers seeking to understand AI’s role in sustainable competitive advantage. Full article

We introduce a Frobenius-norm-based class of block matrices in which the interaction between diagonal and off-diagonal blocks is measured directly through the preconditioned blocks $A_{ii}^{-1}{A}_{ij}$. The resulting B-$SD{D}_F^{\pi }$ class provides a directly computable sufficient condition for nonsingularity and is shown to be contained in the Robert-type block H-matrix class associated with the spectral norm. Its main computational advantage is that the Frobenius norms of the preconditioned off-diagonal blocks can be evaluated without computing their largest singular values. Using the associated block normalization, we derive a lower bound for the smallest singular value in terms of a scalar matrix whose order is equal to the number of blocks and is therefore independent of the order of the original matrix. We also apply the proposed nonsingularity criterion to a block representation of the Hermitian dilation and obtain a Frobenius-type singular-value localization condition together with a family of explicit inclusion intervals depending on freely chosen weights. Numerical experiments illustrate the sharpness and scalability of the proposed bounds, quantify the trade-off with the Robert-type criterion, and demonstrate the effect of different choices of weights on the localization intervals. Full article

Production of commercial antibodies commonly relies on mammalian expression platforms; however, these are associated with high production costs and technical challenges during large-scale cultivation. In this study, we aimed to develop an Escherichia coli-based platform for the production of an anti-PD-L1 single-chain variable fragment, hereafter aPD-L1 scFv. Expression of aPD-L1 scFv in E. coli BL21(DE3) resulted in extensive inclusion body formation regardless of the expression temperatures at 16 °C, 30 °C, and 37 °C, with approximately 84–93% accumulating in the insoluble fraction. To improve its solubility, co-expression with several molecular chaperones, namely DnaK-DnaJ-GrpE and GroES-GroEL, was investigated. Optimization of L-arabinose concentrations as an inducer for DnaK-DnaJ-GrpE expression demonstrated that induction at 0.15 mg/mL increased aPD-L1 scFv solubility from 5.13% to 23.97%, although the difference was not statistically significant. Moreover, His-tag purification yielded 14.78 µg/mL and 18.62 µg/mL without and with molecular chaperone co-expression, respectively. The binding activity of purified aPD-L1 scFv was confirmed by ELISA, which showed comparable binding signals following chaperone-assisted expression. This indicated that the functional activity was retained. Altogether, these findings suggest that molecular chaperone co-expression has the potential to increase the soluble production of functional aPD-L1 scFv in E. coli, supporting the feasibility of bacterial expression systems as a cost-effective platform for recombinant antibody fragment production. Full article

Medium-to-low-maturity shale underwent limited thermal evolution and retained considerable unconverted organic matter, thereby exhibiting substantial potential for hydrocarbon generation and oxidative exothermic release. In this study, the organic geochemical and mineralogical characteristics of the shale were characterized using Rock-Eval pyrolysis, vitrinite reflectance, and X-ray diffraction (XRD), and the mass loss and evolved gas compositions during pyrolysis and oxidation of the medium-to-low-maturity shale were investigated using thermogravimetry–Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (TG-FTIR). Furthermore, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was adopted to examine the exothermic features of the shale during oxidation. The results indicated that shale pyrolysis exhibited three stages: volatilization of light components at 40–358 °C, cracking of organic matter at 358–590 °C, and mineral decomposition-related reactions at 590–800 °C. Shale oxidation also exhibited three stages: low-temperature oxidation (LTO) at 40–305 °C, thermo-oxidative degradation of organic matter and combustion of residual carbon at 305–622 °C, and mineral decomposition accompanied by continued oxidation of thermally stable carbonaceous residues at 622–800 °C. Compared with pyrolysis, shale oxidation exhibited a lower onset temperature for the second stage and a higher total mass loss, indicating that oxygen promoted the thermal conversion of organic matter in the shale. Moreover, the shale oxidation exhibited two exothermic intervals, with heat enthalpies of 1332 and 2154 J/g, respectively. The DSC results further indicated that the heat released during oxidation provided energy for subsequent reactions, thereby promoting organic matter cracking and the oxidation of carbonaceous residues. Overall, these findings provided a fundamental experimental basis for in situ conversion during air injection in medium-to-low-maturity shale oil reservoirs. Full article

Background: Mechanical ventilation is essential for managing acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) but may contribute to ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI). Mechanical power (MP), an integrative measure combining tidal volume, respiratory rate, and airway pressures, has emerged as a predictor of VILI. However, conventional MP calculations based on airway driving pressure (ΔP) reflect the mechanical load applied to the entire respiratory system, including both lung parenchyma and chest wall. Estimation of transpulmonary pressure using esophageal pressure allows calculation of transpulmonary mechanical power (TPMP), which may more accurately represent lung stress. Methods: We conducted a retrospective observational study of 20 mechanically ventilated ICU patients with available esophageal pressure measurements at Wolfson Medical Center between 2012 and 2015. MP and TPMP were calculated across ventilation modes, including continuous mandatory ventilation assist/control (CMV/AC), synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation (SIMV), and continuous positive airway pressure/pressure support ventilation (CPAP/PSV). Paired comparisons were analyzed using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test; repeated-measures Friedman tests were used to assess within-patient differences in MP, TPMP, and the MP−TPMP difference across the four ventilation conditions. Results: At baseline, MP and TPMP values were similar, with only a small absolute difference despite statistical significance (median 20 vs. 20 J/min; p = 0.0107). Differences were more pronounced and mode-dependent during CMV/AC, CPAP/PSV, and SIMV. During CMV/AC, TPMP exceeded MP (median 23 vs. 22 J/min; p = 0.0016). In contrast, TPMP was lower than MP during CPAP/PSV (median 14 vs. 20 J/min; p < 0.0001) and SIMV (median 17 vs. 23 J/min; p = 0.0073). In a repeated-measures analysis, the within-patient MP−TPMP difference varied significantly across ventilation conditions (χ² = 33.06, df = 3, p < 0.0001), while MP alone did not differ significantly across conditions (χ² = 6.90, df = 3, p = 0.075); these findings represent associations with ventilation condition and clinical state rather than a causal effect of ventilation mode. Conclusions: This exploratory study demonstrates that airway-based MP and esophageal pressure-derived TPMP provide different estimates of mechanical load and that the magnitude and direction of these differences vary across ventilation conditions. These findings support the physiological relevance of considering transpulmonary pressure when characterizing respiratory mechanical load. However, this study does not establish that TPMP-guided ventilation improves clinical outcomes or reduces VILI. The potential clinical value of TPMP should therefore be evaluated in larger prospective studies. Full article

A new species, Smilax sinovietnamensis P. Li & X.J. Jin, sp. nov. (Smilacaceae), from the Sino-Vietnamese Border, is described and illustrated. Using nuclear ribosomal DNA (nrDNA), chloroplast DNA (cpDNA), and orthologous nuclear genes (ONGs), we examined the phylogenetic position of this species within the family Smilacaceae. Furthermore, phylogenetic analyses of concatenated sequences of nrITS, five cpDNA (ndhA, ndhF, rpl16, matK, and rbcL), and two ONGs (At103 and Agt1) from 37 Smilacaceae species all strongly supported that S. sinovietnamensis is sister to S. cocculoides. Further comparative morphological analysis showed that S. sinovietnamensis can be clearly distinguished morphologically from its closely related species S. cocculoides. It has quadrangular stems and an abscission zone at one-third of the petioles’ length. Combining detailed morphological comparisons and molecular evidence, we confirm the novelty of S. sinovietnamensis. Additionally, we report the plastome characteristics of S. sinovietnamensis, enriching our understanding of the evolutionary relationships within Smilacaceae. Collectively, integrating diagnostic morphological traits with nrITS, cpDNA, ONGs, and the newly assembled plastome not only confirms S. sinovietnamensis as a new species but also offers practical tools for resolving taxonomic challenges in Smilacaceae. Additionally, the species’ unique quadrangular stem—an evolutionary morphology—provides significant reference value for understanding angiosperm evolution. Full article

The hydrogen storage properties of LaNi₅ framework materials prepared by filling porous substrates with LaNi₅ powders were studied. Aluminum silicate fiber blanket, 110 pores per inch (PPI) polyester foam, and 70 PPI and 110 PPI nickel foams were used as porous substrates, and 45-, 80-, and 200-mesh LaNi₅ powders were sequentially poured onto the substrates. To reduce particle detachment, LaNi₅ framework materials with 70 and 110 PPI nickel foam substrates were compressed at 0.5 MPa for 20 min. Microstructural analysis showed that LaNi₅ powders were uniformly distributed within the 70 PPI and 110 PPI nickel foam substrates. At 303 K and 4 MPa, all LaNi₅ framework materials could be activated after two hydrogen absorption cycles. PCT test results show that the hydrogen storage capacity values of the LaNi₅ framework materials with the aluminum silicate fiber blanket, 110 PPI polyester foam, 70 PPI nickel foam, 110 PPI nickel foam, compressed 70 PPI nickel foam and compressed 110 PPI nickel foam substrates at 303 K are 1.31, 1.27, 1.37 and 1.63, 1.29 wt% and 1.57 wt%, respectively. The corresponding ΔH values are −30.0, −28.4, −27.8, −26.3, −28.4 and −29.2 kJ·mol⁻¹, respectively. After 10 cycles, the capacity retention rates of the LaNi₅ framework materials ranged from 95.7% to 98.8%, all higher than those of the pure 45-, 80-, and 200-mesh LaNi₅ powders (91.7–94.1%). The LaNi₅ framework material with the 110 PPI nickel foam substrate exhibits the best comprehensive hydrogen storage properties. Full article