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Keywords = H2020 European project

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21 pages, 1353 KiB  
Article
Hydrogen Cost and Carbon Analysis in Hollow Glass Manufacturing
by Dario Atzori, Claudia Bassano, Edoardo Rossi, Simone Tiozzo, Sandra Corasaniti and Angelo Spena
Energies 2025, 18(15), 4105; https://doi.org/10.3390/en18154105 - 2 Aug 2025
Viewed by 156
Abstract
The European Union promotes decarbonization in energy-intensive industries like glass manufacturing. Collaboration between industry and researchers focuses on reducing CO2 emissions through hydrogen (H2) integration as a natural gas substitute. However, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, no updated [...] Read more.
The European Union promotes decarbonization in energy-intensive industries like glass manufacturing. Collaboration between industry and researchers focuses on reducing CO2 emissions through hydrogen (H2) integration as a natural gas substitute. However, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, no updated real-world case studies are available in the literature that consider the on-site implementation of an electrolyzer for autonomous hydrogen production capable of meeting the needs of a glass manufacturing plant within current technological constraints. This study examines a representative hollow glass plant and develops various decarbonization scenarios through detailed process simulations in Aspen Plus. The models provide consistent mass and energy balances, enabling the quantification of energy demand and key cost drivers associated with H2 integration. These results form the basis for a scenario-specific techno-economic assessment, including both on-grid and off-grid configurations. Subsequently, the analysis estimates the levelized costs of hydrogen (LCOH) for each scenario and compares them to current and projected benchmarks. The study also highlights ongoing research projects and technological advancements in the transition from natural gas to H2 in the glass sector. Finally, potential barriers to large-scale implementation are discussed, along with policy and infrastructure recommendations to foster industrial adoption. These findings suggest that hybrid configurations represent the most promising path toward industrial H2 adoption in glass manufacturing. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Techno-Economic Evaluation of Hydrogen Energy)
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20 pages, 10603 KiB  
Article
A Safety-Based Approach for the Design of an Innovative Microvehicle
by Michelangelo-Santo Gulino, Susanna Papini, Giovanni Zonfrillo, Thomas Unger, Peter Miklis and Dario Vangi
Designs 2025, 9(4), 90; https://doi.org/10.3390/designs9040090 (registering DOI) - 31 Jul 2025
Viewed by 141
Abstract
The growing popularity of Personal Light Electric Vehicles (PLEVs), such as e-scooters, has revolutionized urban mobility by offering compact, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly transportation solutions. However, safety concerns, including inadequate infrastructure, poor protective measures, and high accident rates, remain critical challenges. This paper [...] Read more.
The growing popularity of Personal Light Electric Vehicles (PLEVs), such as e-scooters, has revolutionized urban mobility by offering compact, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly transportation solutions. However, safety concerns, including inadequate infrastructure, poor protective measures, and high accident rates, remain critical challenges. This paper presents the design and development of an innovative self-balancing microvehicle under the H2020 LEONARDO project, which aims to address these challenges through advanced engineering and user-centric design. The vehicle combines features of monowheels and e-scooters, integrating cutting-edge technologies to enhance safety, stability, and usability. The design adheres to European regulations, including Germany’s eKFV standards, and incorporates user preferences identified through representative online surveys of 1500 PLEV users. These preferences include improved handling on uneven surfaces, enhanced signaling capabilities, and reduced instability during maneuvers. The prototype features a lightweight composite structure reinforced with carbon fibers, a high-torque motorized front wheel, and multiple speed modes tailored to different conditions, such as travel in pedestrian areas, use by novice riders, and advanced users. Braking tests demonstrate deceleration values of up to 3.5 m/s2, comparable to PLEV market standards and exceeding regulatory minimums, while smooth acceleration ramps ensure rider stability and safety. Additional features, such as identification plates and weight-dependent motor control, enhance compliance with local traffic rules and prevent misuse. The vehicle’s design also addresses common safety concerns, such as curb navigation and signaling, by incorporating large-diameter wheels, increased ground clearance, and electrically operated direction indicators. Future upgrades include the addition of a second rear wheel for enhanced stability, skateboard-like rear axle modifications for improved maneuverability, and hybrid supercapacitors to minimize fire risks and extend battery life. With its focus on safety, regulatory compliance, and rider-friendly innovations, this microvehicle represents a significant advancement in promoting safe and sustainable urban mobility. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Vehicle Engineering Design)
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33 pages, 2022 KiB  
Review
A Novel Community Energy Projects Governance Model and Support Ecosystem Framework Based on Heating and Cooling Projects Enabled by Energy Communities
by Anastasios I. Karameros, Athanasios P. Chassiakos and Theo Tryfonas
Sustainability 2025, 17(14), 6571; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17146571 - 18 Jul 2025
Viewed by 501
Abstract
The EU power market system has successfully maintained a centralized governance structure ensuring stable electricity supply and affordable prices for over two decades. However, the ongoing energy transition towards carbon neutrality has exposed critical governance limitations, leading to challenges in community projects implementation. [...] Read more.
The EU power market system has successfully maintained a centralized governance structure ensuring stable electricity supply and affordable prices for over two decades. However, the ongoing energy transition towards carbon neutrality has exposed critical governance limitations, leading to challenges in community projects implementation. Given that Heating and Cooling (H&C) accounts for more than 50% of the EU’s energy consumption, community H&C initiatives can drive local energy transitions and support renewable integration. This study analyzes the best practices from European community energy initiatives, supplemented by insights from the Energy Leap project. By employing a comparative analysis approach, the study proposes a technically sound and regulatory feasible governance model, alongside a robust ecosystem support framework. The proposed framework introduces new roles and new forms of partnerships between communities—private entities and consumers—taking advantage of the benefits offered by the operation of Energy Communities (ECs), enhancing community engagement and regulatory adaptability. These insights offer practical guidance and contribute to effective policymaking in support of the EU’s energy transition objectives. Full article
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21 pages, 614 KiB  
Article
The Decarbonisation of Heating and Cooling Following EU Directives
by Joana Fernandes, Silvia Remédios, Frank Gérard, Andro Bačan, Martin Stroleny, Vassiliki Drosou and Rosie Christodoulaki
Energies 2025, 18(13), 3432; https://doi.org/10.3390/en18133432 - 30 Jun 2025
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 310
Abstract
Heating and cooling (H&C) accounts for approximately 50% of the European Union’s (EU) total energy demand and remains significantly reliant on imported fossil fuels. Hence, addressing the decarbonization of the H&C sector is key to achieving a successful energy transition. At the EU [...] Read more.
Heating and cooling (H&C) accounts for approximately 50% of the European Union’s (EU) total energy demand and remains significantly reliant on imported fossil fuels. Hence, addressing the decarbonization of the H&C sector is key to achieving a successful energy transition. At the EU level, several legislative instruments within the Fit for 55 package directly target the decarbonization of H&C, including the core directives on renewable energy, energy efficiency, and the energy performance of buildings. At the national level, EU Member States (MSs) have developed National Energy and Climate Plans (NECPs), which are the main framework for defining national energy transition strategies, including measures to address H&C. Within the EU-funded REDI4HEAT project, a guideline was developed to support the assessment of policy documents—particularly NECPs—regarding the robustness of their policies and measures for decarbonizing H&C. This assessment framework supports the identification of gaps and opportunities through six key Strategic Policy Priority (SPP) areas, offering a set of policy options that can be further elaborated into effective measures. The design of these policy measures is informed by the Knowledge Sharing Centre—an online repository of replicable and adaptable initiatives that can be tailored to the specific geographical, social, and economic contexts of each MS. Full article
(This article belongs to the Collection Energy Transition Towards Carbon Neutrality)
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30 pages, 1685 KiB  
Article
Hydrogen Aircraft, Technologies and Operations Towards Certification Readiness Level 1
by Gregory O’Sullivan, Andrej Bernard Horvat, Joël Jézégou, Beatriz Jiménez Carrasco and Robert André
Aerospace 2025, 12(6), 490; https://doi.org/10.3390/aerospace12060490 - 29 May 2025
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1118
Abstract
Aviation has become an essential part of the modern world’s ability to grow personal, market and international connections. To enable continued benefits while reducing emissions, future aircraft will need radical redesign and novel, complementary technologies. Hydrogen aircraft are potentially the means to emissions [...] Read more.
Aviation has become an essential part of the modern world’s ability to grow personal, market and international connections. To enable continued benefits while reducing emissions, future aircraft will need radical redesign and novel, complementary technologies. Hydrogen aircraft are potentially the means to emissions reduction. As part of the European Union’s (EU’s) Clean Aviation Joint Undertaking (CAJU), it is aimed to have hydrogen aircraft entering into service by 2035. To realise this, it would require the certification of these aircraft in a relatively short timeline, which the CONCERTO project aims to help enable. Given the lack of mature experimental designs and pending certification processes, this endeavour is ambitious. To accelerate this, dedicated preparation for the certification through regulatory analysis should be complete, requiring initial options for technologies and aircraft operations to be defined. The technologies and operations were defined, analysed and weighted in CONCERTO, upon which a Generic Concept was made, outlined in this paper, with Level 1 on the Certification Readiness Level Scale. The aircraft systems which are likely to experience the largest changes; Fuel Storage, Fuel Distribution, Propulsion, Auxiliary Power Unit (APU), Heat Exchange (HEX) System and Sensing and Monitoring for Hydrogen (H2), will be outlined in this paper with respect to their components and integration challenges, and the subsequent changes to operations to enable this. Full article
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31 pages, 2677 KiB  
Article
The Development and Evaluation of a Low-Emission, Fuel-Flexible, Modular, and Interchangeable Solid Oxide Fuel Cell System Architecture for Combined Heat and Power Production: The SO-FREE Project
by Enrico Bocci, Alessandro Dell’Era, Carlo Tregambe, Giacomo Tamburrano, Vera Marcantonio and Francesca Santoni
Energies 2025, 18(9), 2273; https://doi.org/10.3390/en18092273 - 29 Apr 2025
Viewed by 441
Abstract
Within the framework of the SOCIETAL CHALLENGES—Secure, Clean, and Efficient Energy objective under the European Horizon 2020 research and innovation funding program, the SO-FREE project has developed a future-ready solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) system with high-efficiency heat recovery. The system concept prioritizes [...] Read more.
Within the framework of the SOCIETAL CHALLENGES—Secure, Clean, and Efficient Energy objective under the European Horizon 2020 research and innovation funding program, the SO-FREE project has developed a future-ready solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) system with high-efficiency heat recovery. The system concept prioritizes low emissions, fuel flexibility, modular power production, and efficient thermal management. A key design feature is the interchangeability of two different SOFC stack types, allowing for operation under different temperature conditions. The system was developed with a strong emphasis on simplicity, minimizing the number of components to reduce overall plant costs while maintaining high performance. This paper presents the simulation results of the proposed flexible SOFC system, conducted using Aspen Plus® software version 11 to establish a baseline architecture for real plant development. The simulated layout consists of an autothermal reformer (ATR), a high-temperature blower, an SOFC stack, a burner, and a heat recovery system incorporating four heat exchangers. Simulations were performed for two different anodic inlet temperatures (600 °C and 700 °C) and three fuel compositions (100% CH4, 100% H2, and 50% H2 + 50% CH4), resulting in six distinct operating scenarios. The results demonstrate a system utilization factor (UFF) exceeding 90%, electrical efficiency ranging from 60% to 77%, and an effective heat recovery rate above 60%. These findings were instrumental in the development of the Piping and Instrumentation Diagram (P&ID) required for the design and implementation of the real system. The proposed SOFC system represents a cost-effective and adaptable energy conversion solution, contributing to the advancement of high-efficiency and low-emission power generation technologies. Full article
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20 pages, 1009 KiB  
Article
Permeation Investigation of Carbon Fibre Reinforced Polymer Material for LH2 Storage Thermally Shocked and Mechanically Cycled at Cryogenic Temperature
by Giacomo Dreossi and Andrej Bernard Horvat
Aerospace 2025, 12(4), 342; https://doi.org/10.3390/aerospace12040342 - 14 Apr 2025
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 665
Abstract
To achieve the sustainability goals set for the European aviation sector, hydrogen-powered solutions are currently being investigated. Storage solutions are of particular interest, with liquid hydrogen tanks posing numerous challenges with regard to the structural integrity of materials at cryogenic temperatures, as well [...] Read more.
To achieve the sustainability goals set for the European aviation sector, hydrogen-powered solutions are currently being investigated. Storage solutions are of particular interest, with liquid hydrogen tanks posing numerous challenges with regard to the structural integrity of materials at cryogenic temperatures, as well as safety issues because of the high flammability of hydrogen. In this context and in the scope of the Horizon 2020 Clean Aviation Joint Undertaking (CAJU) project H2ELIOS, the gas permeability behavior of prepreg tape carbon fibre reinforced polymer (CFRP) material was studied. Investigations were performed after thermal shock to 20 K (liquid hydrogen immersion) as well as after a uniaxial stress application at 77 K to identify the shift from Fickian behavior after diverse aging conditions. Helium gas permeation was tested at room temperature (RT), and its representativeness to hydrogen permeation in a range of temperatures was considered in the study. The material’s permeation behavior was compared to ideal Fickian diffusion as a means of identifying related permeation barrier function degradation. Finally, it was possible to identify Fickian, near-Fickian, and non-Fickian behaviors and correlate them with the material’s preconditioning. Full article
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13 pages, 4706 KiB  
Data Descriptor
River Restoration Units: Riverscape Units for European Freshwater Ecosystem Management
by Gonçalo Duarte, Angeliki Peponi, Pedro Segurado, Tamara Leite, Florian Borgwardt, Andrea Funk, Sebastian Birk, Maria Teresa Ferreira and Paulo Branco
Data 2025, 10(4), 46; https://doi.org/10.3390/data10040046 - 28 Mar 2025
Viewed by 628
Abstract
Freshwater habitats and biota are among the most threatened worldwide. In Europe, significant efforts are being taken to counteract detrimental human impacts on nature. In line with these efforts, the MERLIN project funded by the H2020 program focuses on mainstreaming ecosystem restoration for [...] Read more.
Freshwater habitats and biota are among the most threatened worldwide. In Europe, significant efforts are being taken to counteract detrimental human impacts on nature. In line with these efforts, the MERLIN project funded by the H2020 program focuses on mainstreaming ecosystem restoration for freshwater-related environments at the landscape scale. Additionally, the Dammed Fish project focuses on one of the main threats affecting European Networks—artificial fragmentation of the river. Meeting the objectives of both projects to work on a large, pan-European scale, we developed a novel spatial database for river units. These spatial units, named River Restoration Units (R2Us), abide by river network functioning while creating the possibility of aggregating multiple data sources with varying resolutions to size-wise comparable units. To create the R2U, we set a methodological framework that departs from the Catchment Characterization and Modelling—River and Catchment Database v2.1 (CCM2)—together with the capabilities of the River Network Toolkit (v2) software (RivTool) to implement a seven-step methodological procedure. This enabled the creation of 11,557 R2U units in European sea outlet river basins along with their attributes. Procedure outputs were associated with spatial layers and then reorganized to create a relational database with normalized data. Under the MERLIN project, R2Us have been used as the spatial analysis unit for a large-scale analysis using multiple input datasets (e.g., ecosystem services, climate, and European Directive reporting data). This database will be valuable for river management and conservation planning, being particularly well suited for large-scale restoration planning in accordance with European Nature legislation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Topic Intersection Between Macroecology and Data Science)
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39 pages, 5623 KiB  
Article
A Transition Pathways Approach for Energy Renovation in EU Building Market Ecosystems
by Paola Lassandro, Domen Bancic, Alice Bellazzi, Giulia De Aloysio, Anna Devitofrancesco, Maddalena Lukasik, Miriam Navarro Escudero, Giulia Paoletti, Ana Sanchis Huertas, Jure Vetršek and Roberto Malvezzi
Sustainability 2025, 17(5), 2219; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17052219 - 4 Mar 2025
Viewed by 1115
Abstract
The European Union aims to achieve climate neutrality by 2050, prioritizing energy efficiency particularly in the building sector. Despite significant policies, such as the EU Green Deal and Renovation Wave initiative, the rate of deep energy renovations remains insufficient, with only 0.2% annually [...] Read more.
The European Union aims to achieve climate neutrality by 2050, prioritizing energy efficiency particularly in the building sector. Despite significant policies, such as the EU Green Deal and Renovation Wave initiative, the rate of deep energy renovations remains insufficient, with only 0.2% annually versus the 3% required. Multiple barriers hinder the progress of deep energy renovations (DERs), including fragmentation among stakeholders, the limited coordination of RDI (Research, Development, and Innovation) efforts, and a lack of systemic approaches. The objective of this paper is to illustrate a holistic methodological approach for enhancing the DER market uptake based on transition pathways theory (TPT) and is designed to drive structural evolution in DER markets aimed at overcoming their main current constraints. To this end, five key transition pathways are outlined—namely institutionalization, clusterization, capitalization, digitalization, and exploitation—and are conceived for fostering coordination, integration, promotion, and efficient scaling of innovations along the whole DER value chain. This approach was tested in seven EU building market ecosystems under the H2020 re-MODULEES project, aimed at developing a market activation platform conceived as a digital enabler for next-generation One-Stop Shops (OSSs). This project yielded practical evidence on the potentiality of the TPT frame to strengthen and empower local ecosystems through stakeholders’ engagement and cooperation. The findings suggest that the TPT-based approach tested in re-MODULEES can effectively address structural challenges in diverse DER renovation markets, and for this reason, it may be also tested and extended in other ecosystems across Europe in order to be validated as a strategic approach at the EU level for facilitating the transition to low-carbon buildings. Full article
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29 pages, 6224 KiB  
Article
Assessing and Benchmarking a Multifunctional Plug-and-Play Façade for Building Renovation: Advantages and Limitations in the Construction Process
by Grazia Marrone, David Masip Vilà, Irene Rafols Ribas, Marta Lupi, Rocco Traini and Maria Ibañez-Puy
Sustainability 2025, 17(5), 2153; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17052153 - 2 Mar 2025
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 966
Abstract
The revised Energy Performance of Buildings Directive and Energy Efficiency Directive aim to accelerate the energy transition of the European building stock; however, progress remains insufficient. Off-site construction (OSC) and industrialised systems, such as Plug-and-Play (PnP) systems, are considered pivotal towards more efficient [...] Read more.
The revised Energy Performance of Buildings Directive and Energy Efficiency Directive aim to accelerate the energy transition of the European building stock; however, progress remains insufficient. Off-site construction (OSC) and industrialised systems, such as Plug-and-Play (PnP) systems, are considered pivotal towards more efficient renovation practices. In this study, a PnP facade for building renovation—developed in an H2020 EU-funded research project—has been analysed with the following objectives: (i) benchmarking and assessing the construction process with a PnP facade system through the data gathered in two renovation scenarios, and (ii) identifying advantages and limitations related to implementing the technology. Two buildings—an early adopter in Budapest and a demonstration case in Pamplona—have been selected as renovation scenarios to validate the implementation of the system, testing different levels of technological integration and prefabrication. Key findings reveal that the PnP system offers significant advantages, including streamlined installation processes and reduced on-site waste compared to a conventional ventilated façade. However, the need for high workers’ tolerance, sensitivity, and precision during installation, as well as coordination protocols, has been highlighted to ensure a smooth implementation. This research contributes to the body of research on OSC technologies for building renovation, offering practical insights towards developing more sustainable construction practices. Full article
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4 pages, 179 KiB  
Proceeding Paper
The H2Excellence Project-Fuel Cells and Green Hydrogen Centers of Vocational Excellence Towards Achieving Affordable, Secure, and Sustainable Energy for Europe
by António J. Gano, Paulo J. R. Pinto, Maria A. Esteves and Carmen M. Rangel
Mater. Proc. 2025, 21(1), 5; https://doi.org/10.3390/materproc2025021005 - 28 Feb 2025
Viewed by 567
Abstract
The demand for green hydrogen (H2) and related technologies is expected to increase in the coming years, driven by climate changes and energy security of supply issues, amid the European and global energy crises. The European Green Deal and REpowerEU Plan [...] Read more.
The demand for green hydrogen (H2) and related technologies is expected to increase in the coming years, driven by climate changes and energy security of supply issues, amid the European and global energy crises. The European Green Deal and REpowerEU Plan have identified H2 as a key pillar for reaching climate neutrality by 2050 and for the intensification of hydrogen delivery targets, bringing the large-scale adoption of hydrogen production and applications, and stressing the need for a skilled workforce in emergent H2 markets. To that end, the H2Excellence project will establish a Platform of Vocational Excellence in the field of fuel cells and green hydrogen technologies, with an educational and training scheme to tackle identified skill gaps and to implement life-long learning opportunities. This project aims to become a European benchmark in training and knowledge transfer, incorporating the entire hydrogen value chain. The work is supported by the Knowledge Triangle Model, integrating education, research, and innovation efforts to build a dynamic ecosystem in the green hydrogen sector. In this work, activities conducted so far by LNEG as a project partner and expected impacts are highlighted. Those activities are based on a stakeholder needs assessment conducted by project partners and on the knowledge and experience accumulated in research activities developed in the Materials for Energy research area. Full article
(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The International Conference on Advanced Nano Materials)
24 pages, 45986 KiB  
Article
What If an Intense Rain Event Should Trigger Diffuse Shallow Landslides in a Small Mediterranean Catchment? Numerical Modeling Through Remote Sensing Techniques
by Guido Paliaga, Steven N. Ward, Fabio Luino, Francesco Faccini and Laura Turconi
Remote Sens. 2024, 16(24), 4658; https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16244658 - 12 Dec 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1437
Abstract
The Mediterranean region is increasingly experiencing intense and short-term rainfall, whose effects on the ground trigger widespread and quickly evolving phenomena including debris flows and shallow landslides which cause damage to buildings and infrastructure and occasionally even loss of life. In this research, [...] Read more.
The Mediterranean region is increasingly experiencing intense and short-term rainfall, whose effects on the ground trigger widespread and quickly evolving phenomena including debris flows and shallow landslides which cause damage to buildings and infrastructure and occasionally even loss of life. In this research, we focus on the central Mediterranean in an area exposed to high-intensity rainfall that impacts small catchments which have been intensively anthropogenically modified through the years. The Portofino Promontory is characterized by a high cultural and landscape value where nature and historical anthropogenic landforms and signs coexist. The Promontory attracts tourists from all over the world, but it is exposed to a high number of hazards related to debris–mud flow processes that may impact cultural heritage, tourism facilities and infrastructure. In addition, the ancient man-made terraces that are widespread along the Promontory’s slopes may play the role of being a source for shallow landslides, as this similarly happens in many Mediterranean regions. In 2011, heavy rainfall impacted the similar landscape of the Cinque Terre, triggering hundreds of small mud–debris flows whose combined effect was devastating. To this end, a ground effects simulation was developed as part of the H2020 project RECONECT which aims to contribute to a European reference framework on nature-based solutions, based on the high-detail and -precision remote sensing data acquired within the project. The data allowed us to assess the triggering areas, the transport channel, the observed deposition zones and the interaction with the exposed elements before building a possible risk scenario. The simulation and the entire approach may be upscaled to many similar areas where shallow landslide hazards originating from man-made terraces threatens buildings, cultural heritage, tourism facilities and infrastructure. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Geomatics and Natural Hazards)
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9 pages, 51933 KiB  
Proceeding Paper
The “PROMETHEUS” European Project: Gdańsk Fortress Route (Poland)
by Daniele Bursich and Sandro Parrinello
Proceedings 2024, 96(1), 18; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2024096018 - 2 Dec 2024
Viewed by 747
Abstract
Starting in 2018, the PROMETHEUS H2020 project has been involved in the establishment of analysis methodologies for Cultural Heritage Routes (CHR) associated with historical architectural heritage. The project’s research activities have primarily focused on examining various itineraries, ranging from the regional scale of [...] Read more.
Starting in 2018, the PROMETHEUS H2020 project has been involved in the establishment of analysis methodologies for Cultural Heritage Routes (CHR) associated with historical architectural heritage. The project’s research activities have primarily focused on examining various itineraries, ranging from the regional scale of Russian churches in Upper Kama located in Perm (Russia), to the provincial scale encompassing sites related to James I of Aragon’s conquest in the Kingdom of Valencia (Spain), and finally to the urban scale encompassing fortifications in the city of Gdansk (Poland). Throughout the project’s duration, digital technologies have been employed and tested to create archives and information systems that aim to devise storytelling strategies for defining, representing, and promoting these routes. This endeavor involves the collaboration of more than 35 researchers from three European countries, who are implementing interdisciplinary synergistic actions to develop knowledge-driven approaches and formulate effective designs for digitally narrating intricate architectures. Full article
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22 pages, 3186 KiB  
Article
Translational Algorithms for Technological Dietary Quality Assessment Integrating Nutrimetabolic Data with Machine Learning Methods
by Víctor de la O, Edwin Fernández-Cruz, Pilar Matía Matin, Angélica Larrad-Sainz, José Luis Espadas Gil, Ana Barabash, Cristina M. Fernández-Díaz, Alfonso L. Calle-Pascual, Miguel A. Rubio-Herrera and J. Alfredo Martínez
Nutrients 2024, 16(22), 3817; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16223817 - 7 Nov 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1928
Abstract
Recent advances in machine learning technologies and omics methodologies are revolutionizing dietary assessment by integrating phenotypical, clinical, and metabolic biomarkers, which are crucial for personalized precision nutrition. This investigation aims to evaluate the feasibility and efficacy of artificial intelligence tools, particularly machine learning [...] Read more.
Recent advances in machine learning technologies and omics methodologies are revolutionizing dietary assessment by integrating phenotypical, clinical, and metabolic biomarkers, which are crucial for personalized precision nutrition. This investigation aims to evaluate the feasibility and efficacy of artificial intelligence tools, particularly machine learning (ML) methods, in analyzing these biomarkers to characterize food and nutrient intake and to predict dietary patterns. Methods: We analyzed data from 138 subjects from the European Dietary Deal project through comprehensive examinations, lifestyle questionnaires, and fasting blood samples. Clustering was based on 72 h dietary recall, considering sex, age, and BMI. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) assigned nomenclature to clusters based on food consumption patterns and nutritional indices from food frequency questionnaires. Elastic net regression identified biomarkers linked to these patterns, helping construct algorithms. Results: Clustering and EFA identified two dietary patterns linked to biochemical markers, distinguishing pro-Mediterranean (pro-MP) and pro-Western (pro-WP) patterns. Analysis revealed differences between pro-MP and pro-WP clusters, such as vegetables, pulses, cereals, drinks, meats, dairy, fish, and sweets. Markers related to lipid metabolism, liver function, blood coagulation, and metabolic factors were pivotal in discriminating clusters. Three computational algorithms were created to predict the probabilities of being classified into the pro-WP pattern. The first is the main algorithm, followed by a supervised algorithm, which is a simplified version of the main model that focuses on clinically feasible biochemical parameters and practical scientific criteria, demonstrating good predictive capabilities (ROC curve = 0.91, precision–recall curve = 0.80). Lastly, a reduced biochemical-based algorithm is presented, derived from the supervised algorithm. Conclusions: This study highlights the potential of biochemical markers in predicting nutritional patterns and the development of algorithms for classifying dietary clusters, advancing dietary intake assessment technologies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Technology for Dietary Assessment)
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18 pages, 4110 KiB  
Article
Is It Possible to Establish an Economic Trend Correlating Territorial Assessment Indicators and Earth Observation? A Critical Analysis of the Pandemic Impact in an Italian Region
by Maria Prezioso
Sustainability 2024, 16(19), 8695; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16198695 - 9 Oct 2024
Viewed by 1117
Abstract
The paper is set within the methodological framework of the Territorial Impact Assessment (TIA) process, which is an instrument designed to facilitate sustainable and cohesive policy-making choices at the European level. The article is developed within the context of a European H2020-RICE cooperative [...] Read more.
The paper is set within the methodological framework of the Territorial Impact Assessment (TIA) process, which is an instrument designed to facilitate sustainable and cohesive policy-making choices at the European level. The article is developed within the context of a European H2020-RICE cooperative project, which utilises the STeMA (Sustainable Territorial Economic/Environmental Management Approach) TIA methodology to investigate the potential relationship between statistical economic indicators, specifically Gross Domestic Product, and related parameters (metadata), and Earth Observation (EO) data. The objective is to provide evidence of socioeconomic trends during the Coronavirus 2019 pandemic in the Lazio Region (Italy), with a particular focus on the metropolitan area of the Rome capital city Rome. In line with the pertinent European context and the scientific literature on the subject, the paper examines the potential for combining classical and Earth observation indicators to assess macroeconomic dimensions of development, specifically in terms of gross domestic product (GDP). The results of the analysis indicate the presence of certain correlations between grey data and EO information. The STeMA-TIA approach allows for the measurement and correlation of both qualitative and quantitative statistical indicators with typological functional areas (in accordance with European Commission-EC and Committee of Ministers responsible for Spatial/Regional Planning—CEMAT guidance) at the NUTS (Nomenclature des unités territoriales statistiques) 2 and 3 levels. This facilitates the territorialisation of information, enabling the indirect comparison of data with satellite data and economic trends. A time series of data was gathered and organised for the purpose of facilitating comparison between different periods, beginning with 2019 and extending to the present day. In order to measure and monitor the evolution of the selected territorial economies (the Lazio Region), a synthetic index (or composite indicator) was developed in the economic and epidemic dimensions. This index combines single values of indicators according to a specific STeMA methodology. It is important to note that there are some critical observations to be made about the impact on GDP, due to the discrepancy between the indicators in the two fields of observation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Development Economics and Sustainable Economic Growth)
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