Search Results (10,124)

Salinity is an important environmental factor affecting the physiological homeostasis of freshwater fish, yet the underlying mechanisms in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) gills remain unclear. Therefore, grass carp were exposed to different salinity levels for 60 days, and gill responses were evaluated using histopathological, ion regulatory, antioxidant, transcriptomic, and metabolomic analyses. Histological observations showed that high salinity (8 g/L) caused marked structural damage to the gill lamellae. Specifically, Na⁺ and Ca²⁺ concentrations and Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase activity significantly decreased, while K⁺ concentration and Ca²⁺-ATPase activity increased, revealing disrupted ion homeostasis. Salinity exposure also led to decreased antioxidant enzyme activities. Integrated omics analysis further demonstrated that a total of 2447 differentially expressed genes and 268 differentially expressed metabolites were identified, with significant enrichment in pathways related to biosynthesis of amino acids, arachidonic acid metabolism, glutathione metabolism, PPAR signaling, and calcium signaling. Notably, the PPAR and calcium signaling pathways showed positive enrichment under salinity stress, suggesting their potential involvement in the regulation of lipid metabolism, energy allocation, and cellular stress responses. Our findings indicated amino acid biosynthesis and arachidonic acid metabolism as key pathways involved in the adaptation of grass carp gills to salinity stress. Overall, chronic salinity exposure caused structural alterations, disrupted ion regulation, altered antioxidant status, and marked transcriptomic and metabolomic changes in grass carp gills, offering new insight into salinity adaptation in freshwater fish. Full article

Soil salinity is one of the main environmental factors limiting plant germination and establishment, particularly in Mediterranean ecosystems. This study evaluated the germination, recovery, and early development of Dittrichia viscosa exposed to NaCl, KCl, CaCl₂, MgCl₂, and an equimolar mixture (0–360 mM) under a 12 h light–dark regime and continuous darkness. In the absence of salt, final germination was similar under both regimes, although it was faster in the dark. Increased salt concentration reduced and delayed germination, depending on the type of salt and the light regime used. KCl maintained the highest germination percentages under the light–dark regime at 90 and 180 mM, whilst CaCl₂ and MgCl₂ were the most inhibitory individual salts at 180 mM. The salt mixture was the most restrictive under both regimes. Following transfer to a salt-free medium, ungerminated seeds showed a high rate of recovery even after exposure to the highest concentrations of individual salts, indicating that the inhibition was largely reversible. The first two components of the principal component analysis (PCA) explained 71.89% of the variation, linking germination and its rate to seedling vigour. Overall, D. viscosa showed considerable germination tolerance to individual salts but high sensitivity to their combined action. Full article

This work reports the development of sustainable composites based on waste polystyrene (WPS) reinforced with natural calcium carbonate (CaCO₃), aiming at both plastic waste valorization and performance enhancement. The composites were fabricated via a solvent casting approach using recycled polystyrene cutlery and varying CaCO₃ loadings. Structural analyses performed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy confirmed the effective incorporation of calcite within the polymer matrix, as evidenced by characteristic peak shifts and intensity variations indicative of interfacial interactions. PL spectra exhibited two emission bands centered around 365 and 400 nm for all samples, with enhanced emission intensity at low filler contents (2 and 6 wt%), followed by pronounced quenching at 10 wt%, highlighting a concentration-dependent interaction and uniform filler dispersion at lower loadings. Thermal analyses (DSC, TGA, and DTA) demonstrated a systematic improvement in thermal stability upon CaCO₃ addition, with decomposition temperatures increasing up to 432 °C compared to 429 °C for neat WPS, attributed to the barrier effect of the inorganic filler and restricted polymer chain mobility. Overall, these results demonstrate that natural calcite is an efficient, low-cost, and locally available reinforcing agent for recycled polystyrene, providing a viable and scalable strategy for the upcycling of plastic waste into value-added, thermally stable composite materials. Full article

Background/Objective: Albumin has emerged as a prognostic marker across cardiovascular disease, but its independent association with heart failure (HF) in different clinical settings remains scarce. This study investigated the prognostic impact of baseline albumin levels in patients undergoing coronary angiography (CA) for different indications. Methods: Consecutive inpatients undergoing CA from 2016 to 2022 were retrospectively included at one institution and stratified into quartiles according to baseline albumin levels (Q1: <30, Q2: 30–34, Q3: 34–37, Q4: >37 g/L). The primary endpoint was rehospitalization for HF at 36 months; secondary endpoints were coronary revascularization and acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Statistical analyses included Kaplan–Meier and Cox regression analyses. Results: A total of 7520 patients were included (median albumin: 34.3 g/L; IQR: 30.5–37.2 g/L). Lower albumin levels were associated with a higher comorbidity burden and more extensive coronary artery disease (three-vessel disease: Q1: 36.1% vs. Q4: 21.4%; p = 0.001). HF-related rehospitalization at 36 months increased progressively with lower albumin (Q1: 28.4% vs. Q2: 25.1% vs. Q3: 21.0% vs. Q4: 13.9%; p = 0.001). After multivariable adjustments, the lowest albumin group (<30 g/L) remained independently associated with HF-related rehospitalization (HR = 1.381; 95% CI: 1.105–1.727; p = 0.005), whereas no independent association with coronary revascularization or AMI was demonstrated. The association was most evident in patients ≥70 years of age and in those with left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) ≥ 35%. Conclusions: In unselected patients undergoing CA, lower albumin levels independently predicted the HF-related rehospitalization at 36 months, but not coronary revascularization or AMI. Routine albumin measurement may provide meaningful prognostic information in patients undergoing CA. Full article

Pseudorabies virus (PRV) is a neurotropic alphaherpesvirus that causes severe neurological and reproductive disease in swine and can infect a broad range of non-porcine mammals. To compare the phenotypic consequences associated with disruption of different PRV genes within a uniform genetic background, UL21, UL24, UL50, UL56, and gG (US4) were individually disrupted in the PRV JM strain using CRISPR/Cas9. The resulting gene-disrupted viruses were characterized by multi-step growth analysis, plaque formation, and experimental infection in mice. The five viruses displayed distinct and non-parallel phenotypic profiles. PRV JM-ΔUL24, PRV JM-ΔUL50, PRV JM-ΔUL56, and PRV JM-ΔgG showed reduced peak extracellular viral titers, whereas PRV JM-ΔUL21 exhibited only a limited change in viral growth. In contrast, markedly smaller plaques were observed for PRV JM-ΔUL21 and PRV JM-ΔUL56, indicating that extracellular viral yield and plaque phenotype were not necessarily concordant. In mice, PRV JM-ΔUL21 and PRV JM-ΔUL24 showed delayed mortality and 40% survival, whereas PRV JM-ΔUL50 caused delayed but complete mortality and PRV JM-ΔUL56 and PRV JM-ΔgG retained survival patterns similar to parental PRV JM. Thus, attenuation in vivo was not directly predicted by impaired replication or plaque formation in vitro. Among the five gene-disrupted viruses examined, PRV JM-ΔUL21 and PRV JM-ΔUL24 showed the most pronounced attenuation-associated phenotypes in the mouse model, although substantial residual virulence remained. These comparative findings identify UL21 and UL24 as priority loci for further mechanistic evaluation and for assessment in future multi-gene attenuation strategies. Full article

The liver plays a central role in fatty acid (FA) metabolism, triacylglycerol synthesis, and energy homeostasis. The study aims to evaluate how a four-week dietary intervention with fish-based (EF), milk-based (EM), and standard diets (ES) affects relationships between mineral levels, FA profiles and indices, and oxidative stress parameters in female Wistar rats. Liver tissue samples were collected and analyzed for these variables. Post hoc analysis revealed significant differences in trace elements between the EM and EF and the EM and ES groups, and in toxic trace elements only between the EM and EF groups. Individual mineral differences were observed for calcium (Ca), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), arsenic (As), mercury (Hg), and lead (Pb), all showing large effect sizes (ηp² = 0.32–0.63). The strongest mineral–FA correlations occurred mainly in the ES group (15/25) and, to a lesser extent, in EF (9/25), involving 14 minerals, while only one mineral was significant in EM. Individual mineral correlations were most frequent in ES (13/25), followed by EF (8/25) and EM (4/25). Zn was the strongest predictor of malondialdehyde (MDA) in EF (90.6%), and Cu was the main determinant in ES (72.9%). We concluded that EM showed minimal interactions, limited to Fe and oleic acid, whereas EF and ES displayed multiple strong mineral–FA correlations, with ES exhibiting the most extensive and complex interaction network. Full article

Background and Objectives: Three-dimensional printing is increasingly used to fabricate dental restorations; however, limited evidence is available on the mechanical performance and fracture behavior of printable resin materials used for endocrown restorations. Fracture load alone may not fully describe material performance, particularly when brittle or defect-sensitive failure occurs. This in vitro study aimed to compare the fracture resistance, Weibull parameters, experimental Mode I fracture toughness parameter, and failure patterns of three 3D-printed resin materials used for endocrown restorations. Materials and Methods: Thirty anatomically identical molar replicas were produced from a single prepared tooth model and restored with endocrowns fabricated from NextDent C&B MFH (NextDent B.V., Soesterberg, The Netherlands), SprintRay Crown (SprintRay Inc., Los Angeles, CA, USA), and BEGO VarseoSmile Crown Plus (BEGO GmbH & Co. KG, Bremen, Germany) (n = 10/group). The restorations were cemented and subjected to compressive loading until fracture. Maximum fracture force values were analyzed using Welch’s ANOVA and Weibull statistics. In parallel, single-edge-notched bend (SENB) specimens were fabricated from the same materials and tested using an ASTM D5045-based configuration to calculate an experimental Mode I fracture toughness parameter. Representative fractured crowns and standardized specimens were examined using stereomicroscopy to assess visible failure morphology. Results: No statistically significant difference in maximum fracture force was found among the three materials (Welch’s ANOVA, p = 0.217). The mean fracture force values were 862.37 N for NextDent C&B MFH, 804.37 N for SprintRay Crown, and 699.43 N for BEGO VarseoSmile Crown Plus. In the complementary analyses, BEGO VarseoSmile Crown Plus showed the highest Weibull modulus (m = 9.36), indicating a narrower distribution of fracture values, and the highest mean experimental Mode I fracture toughness parameter (5.250 MPa·m^0.5) under the present experimental conditions. Qualitative stereomicroscopic analysis revealed material-dependent visible failure patterns: SprintRay Crown exhibited more extensive fragmentation, whereas BEGO VarseoSmile Crown Plus showed a more defined visible fracture pattern with less secondary fragmentation. Conclusions: Fracture load alone was insufficient to characterize the mechanical behavior of the tested materials fully. Weibull parameters, the experimental fracture toughness parameter, and failure morphology provided complementary information and should be considered when evaluating 3D-printed resin materials for endocrown restorations. Full article

Aberrant cell-surface sialylation is widely associated with cancer progression and provides an accessible molecular feature for biosensing and targeted delivery. However, engineering molecularly imprinted polymer nanoparticles (nanoMIPs) that combine selective sialic acid (SA) recognition with controlled degradability and cytocompatibility remains challenging. In this study, a simulation-guided strategy was used to develop hydrolytically degradable SA-imprinted nanoMIPs incorporating a functionalized lactose-based crosslinker with cleavable ester linkages. Molecular docking and quantum-chemical calculations identified N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM), acrylamide (AAm), and N-hydroxyethyl acrylamide (HEAA) as complementary functional monomers and established an optimized SA:NIPAM:AAm:HEAA molar ratio of 1:1:2:1. The resulting nanoMIPs were spherical and nanoscale and exhibited pH-dependent hydrolytic mass loss that was more pronounced under mildly acidic conditions than at physiological pH. Compared with non-imprinted nanoparticles, the nanoMIPs displayed substantially enhanced SA binding, with a maximum binding capacity of 89.38 μmol g⁻¹ and an imprinting factor of approximately 4.2, together with preferential recognition of SA over the selected competing molecules. MTT assays using MCF-7, HeLa, and HaCaT cells showed cell viability above 80% after 24 h exposure to 500 μg mL⁻¹, indicating favorable short-term cytocompatibility. By integrating computationally optimized, multicomponent SA recognition with a carbohydrate-derived, hydrolytically degradable crosslinking strategy, this work addresses the coupled requirements of binding-site fidelity and material degradability within a single nanoMIP platform. These findings establish a materials-level foundation for future SA-directed biosensing and targeted delivery systems in cancer-relevant applications. Full article

Background/Objectives: Preoperative discrimination of benign from malignant adnexal masses remains a major clinical challenge, and circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) are candidate non-invasive biomarkers. This exploratory, hypothesis-generating study—not a diagnostic validation study—evaluated serum hsa-miR-200c-3p as a candidate diagnostic biomarker for ovarian malignancy. Methods: Serum from 39 women with an adnexal mass and a surgical indication (20 benign, 19 malignant), all with histological confirmation, was analysed. Of 179 assayed miRNAs, 178 were tested for differential expression (miR-103a-3p as endogenous reference) using the Mann–Whitney U test with Benjamini–Hochberg false-discovery-rate (FDR) correction; hsa-miR-200c-3p, a pre-specified miR-200 family candidate, was evaluated by ROC analysis and compared with, and adjusted for, CA 125, HE4 and age. Results: The malignant group was substantially older and more frequently postmenopausal. Thirty-eight miRNAs were significant after FDR correction; hsa-miR-200c-3p was up-regulated in malignancy. In the complete-case analysis restricted to the 35 participants with a detectable marker (20 benign, 15 malignant), the AUC was 0.893 (95% CI 0.76–0.99); however, four high-grade serous carcinomas showed undetectable serum hsa-miR-200c-3p, and when these were included and imputed as low expression (all-case analysis, n = 39) the AUC fell to 0.705 (95% CI 0.51–0.88). hsa-miR-200c-3p did not demonstrate statistically superior performance to HE4 (AUC 0.93) or CA 125 (0.89), with overlapping confidence intervals; any incremental value beyond established markers and age was modest and exploratory. Conclusions: Serum hsa-miR-200c-3p is a preliminary candidate that requires prospective, age-matched, adequately powered validation with pre-specified assays and analysis plans. Full article

Background: Conventional Doppler ultrasound is limited by its angle dependence and its inability to characterize complex flow patterns adequately. Vector flow imaging (VFI) is an angle-independent ultrasound technique that enables two-dimensional velocity vector mapping and the assessment of hemodynamic parameters. This scoping review aims to map the current evidence on the application and validation of VFI for assessing carotid artery stenosis (CAS). Methods: Using the Population–Concept–Context framework, we included studies that evaluated the application, validity, or outcomes of vector flow imaging in individuals with suspected or confirmed carotid artery stenosis, as well as in healthy controls used for comparison or validation, in clinical or research settings. Five electronic databases were searched from inception through 30 April 2026. Studies limited to conventional Doppler ultrasound or to animal or phantom models without human validation were excluded. Data were synthesized using descriptive numerical analysis and narrative thematic synthesis. Results: A total of 48 sources of evidence met the inclusion criteria. Six trial registrations without reported results were excluded from synthesis, leaving 42 synthesized sources, including 40 original studies and two reviews. The most frequently reported parameters were wall shear stress (n = 25), turbulence indices (n = 11), and velocity vectors (n = 14). Most studies were cross-sectional (n = 20) or technical validation studies (n = 13) with small sample sizes (median 31 participants, IQR 10.5–57; range 1–476). The dominant research focus was plaque vulnerability assessment, while fewer studies addressed stenosis grading. Only eight studies reported diagnostic-performance metrics; none employed prespecified thresholds, two reported blinding, and none adhered to the Standards for Reporting Diagnostic Accuracy Studies guidelines (STARD). Conclusions: VFI enables detailed characterization of carotid hemodynamics, but the available evidence remains preliminary and does not establish clinical utility. Standardized, adequately powered studies with external validation are required before clinical implementation. Full article

To investigate the synergistic effects and underlying mechanisms of nano-CaCO₃ (NCC) and polypropylene fibers (PPF) on the static and dynamic mechanical properties of concrete, this study systematically examines hybrid-modified concrete with varying additive contents. Compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, and split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) tests were conducted to evaluate the mechanical responses under quasi-static and high-strain-rate impact loadings. Additionally, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were employed to elucidate the multi-scale synergistic enhancement mechanisms. The results indicate that hybrid modification significantly improves both static and dynamic performance. Specifically, the optimal hybrid proportion was identified as 1.5% NCC and 1.5 kg/m³ PPF. Under static conditions, this combined addition effectively increases compressive strength by 51.56% and enhances splitting tensile strength while also substantially improving material toughness. Under dynamic impact conditions, dynamic compressive strength is notably elevated by 62.47%, demonstrating a pronounced strain-rate strengthening effect. Microstructural analyses confirm the presence of a nano-densification and macro-crack bridging mechanism, wherein NCC chemically accelerates hydration and optimizes the cementitious matrix, thereby strengthening the fiber-matrix interfacial transition zone (ITZ). This robust ITZ maximizes the physical crack-bridging and energy dissipation capacities of the PPF network. Ultimately, this study provides critical experimental evidence and theoretical guidance for designing high-performance, impact-resistant concrete composites. Full article

Background/Objectives: Idiopathic Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (CTS) can be an early manifestation of systemic amyloidosis, particularly transthyretin cardiac amyloidosis (ATTR-CA). The primary purpose of this retrospective case series was to describe the presence of amyloid deposits in tenosynovial tissue and explore potential cardiac involvement in patients undergoing carpal tunnel release surgery. Methods: From a cohort of 54 patients diagnosed with bilateral idiopathic CTS with surgical indication, 12 patients were selected for tenosynovial tissue samples, which were subsequently evaluated using Congo red staining and proteomic confirmation via mass spectrometry. Before the procedure, patients underwent a clinical assessment of medical history, electrocardiogram, and cardiac scintigraphy with Technetium-99 m 3,3-diphosphono-1,2-propanodicarboxylic acid (^99mTc-DPD). Transthoracic echocardiogram and cardiac magnetic resonance were subsequently performed in all patients with positive scintigraphy, while a subset of scintigraphy-negative patients underwent an echocardiogram. Results: Congo red staining identified amyloid deposits in 3 of the 12 patients (25%). Proteomic analysis confirmed ATTR amyloidosis deposits in 2 of these patients (17%). One of these 2 patients presented Perugini grade 3 uptake on cardiac scintigraphy, suspicious for ATTR-CA. Complete concordance across histology, proteomics, and cardiac imaging was observed in only 1 patient (8.3%). Three discordances were noted: one case of tenosynovial ATTR without evident cardiac disease, one patient with a discordant Congo red result likely reflecting low amyloid burden or tissue heterogeneity, and one with imaging findings suspicious for ATTR-CA despite a negative tenosynovial biopsy. Conclusions: Tenosynovial biopsy obtained during CTS surgery can reveal early amyloid deposition, which may precede overt cardiac involvement. The variability observed across findings underscores the need for a multimodal diagnostic approach that integrates histological, proteomic, and imaging data, thereby mitigating the risk of amyloidosis misclassification. Full article

Background: Migraine is a leading cause of disability worldwide and is frequently associated with psychiatric comorbidities that may influence pain perception and treatment response. Anti-CGRP monoclonal antibodies represent an effective preventive treatment, although response variability remains poorly understood, particularly in patients with complex neuropsychiatric profiles. Case Presentation: We report the case of a 49-year-old woman with migraine with a previously chronic course and psychiatric comorbidity, including bipolar disorder and obsessive–compulsive disorder, treated with galcanezumab. The clinical course was characterized by an “on-off-on” pattern, with marked worsening after treatment discontinuation and subsequent improvement after treatment reintroduction. Results: The patient presented with severe emotional distress (BDI-II = 59; STAI = 77–80), a very high self-reported burden of central sensitization-related symptoms (CSI = 100/100) and reduced performance on cognitive screening measures (MoCA = 19/30; BCSE = 18/58). MMPI-3 findings indicated a high level of self-reported psychological distress; however, substantial elevations in symptom-validity indicators required cautious interpretation of the substantive scales. Conclusions: This case illustrates that complex neuropsychiatric comorbidity and psychotropic polypharmacotherapy did not preclude an apparent clinical benefit from galcanezumab. Treatment discontinuation and reintroduction were temporally associated with worsening and subsequent improvement in headache frequency, although causality cannot be established from a single uncontrolled observation. The case also highlights the potential value of coordinated neurological and psychiatric monitoring in patients with migraine and complex neuropsychiatric profiles. Full article

Ammonia, as a hydrogen carrier and carbon-free alternative fuel, shows great potential in future low-carbon energy systems. This study uses dimethyl ether (DME) as a combustion promoter for ammonia to enhance the combustion performance of ammonia-fueled engines. To address the issue of unburned ammonia emissions, the original combustion chamber geometry was optimized by removing the squish area to enhance flame propagation. At an ammonia energy ratio (AER) of 60%, the modified combustion chamber (MCC) reduces unburned ammonia (uNH₃) emissions by up to 85.46% and improves indicated thermal efficiency (ITE) by 1.93% compared to the original combustion chamber (OCC). Furthermore, to achieve higher thermal efficiency and lower pollutant emissions, the DME injection strategy was redesigned based on the MCC. The results show that adjusting the single injection timing (SIT) and injection angle (INA) of DME can effectively improve the homogeneity of the in-cylinder combustible mixture and enhance combustion efficiency; however, overly concentrated injection can lead to rapid heat release and increase the risk of knock. The split injection strategy enables more controllable combustion phasing, significantly reduces the maximum pressure rise rate (MPRR) and ringing intensity (RI), and mitigates knocking tendency. When the main injection timing (MIT) is −5 °CA ATDC, pilot injection timing (PIT) is −30 °CA ATDC, and the pilot injection ratio (PIR) is 60%, the ITE reaches 49.98%, which is 3.53% higher than that of the pure diesel mode. Greenhouse gas (GHG) and NO_x emissions are reduced by 45.94% and 62.49%, respectively, with uNH₃ emissions as low as 4.16 g/kW·h. Full article

This study aims to investigate the feasibility of ethanol-digested calcium oxide (CaO-E) as a novel dechlorination sorbent for the efficient removal of hydrogen chloride (HCl) from coal-fired flue gas and further evaluate its influence on mercury speciation and transformation in flue gas, thereby addressing the low efficiency and limited multi-pollutant control capability of conventional dry dechlorination technologies. Based on a laboratory-scale injection reaction system, ethanol-digested calcium-based sorbents were injected into simulated coal-fired flue gas to systematically examine the effects of key factors, including Ca/Cl molar ratio, SO₂, and fly ash, on dechlorination efficiency. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations were further employed to elucidate the reaction mechanisms. Meanwhile, mercury-laden flue gas was introduced to investigate the removal characteristics of elemental mercury (Hg⁰) and oxidized mercury (Hg²⁺) by CaO-E. The experimental results demonstrated that ethanol-digested CaO exhibited significantly superior performance compared with untreated samples, and the formation of a porous calcium hydroxide structure was identified as the key factor responsible for its high dechlorination efficiency. When the Ca/Cl molar ratio reached 4.0, the dechlorination efficiency could be stably maintained above 80%. SO₂ showed a pronounced inhibitory effect on the dechlorination process, whereas fly ash exhibited a slight promoting effect. Mercury removal experiments revealed that CaO-E had limited removal capability toward Hg⁰ but effectively reduced the concentration of Hg²⁺. Specifically, when the Ca/Cl molar ratios were 3 and 5, the Hg²⁺ concentrations decreased to 1.4 and 0.6 μg/m³, respectively. This behavior can be attributed to the fact that Hg²⁺ mainly exists in chlorinated forms such as HgCl₂, which possess strong polarity and can be readily adsorbed by the alkaline active sites on the CaO-E surface. In addition, as the dechlorination process proceeded, chlorine-containing species in the flue gas were gradually consumed, suppressing the oxidation conversion of Hg⁰ to Hg²⁺ and thereby further reducing the Hg²⁺ concentration. Theoretical calculations indicated that both HCl and SO₂ could undergo chemisorption on calcium active sites, while HCl possessed a lower reaction energy barrier and therefore dominated the competitive adsorption process, exhibiting preferential reactivity. Overall, ethanol-digested calcium oxide not only demonstrates excellent HCl removal performance, but also shows the capability to regulate mercury speciation in flue gas to a certain extent, providing both theoretical insights and technical support for the synergistic control of multiple pollutants in coal-fired flue gas. Full article