Search Results (3,766)

Background: Manure-amended agricultural soil is a critical reservoir of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), posing escalating threats to environmental health and food safety. However, the temporal trajectories of ARG prevalence throughout the complete reproductive cycle of cash crops, and their mechanistic linkages with fertilization regimes and microbial community succession, remain inadequately understood. Methods: To bridge this knowledge gap, we conducted an in situ field experiment over the entire growth period of Chinese cabbage at a long-term manure-amended farm in Tianjin, China. Six contrasting fertilization strategies were evaluated: unfertilized control (CK1), unfertilized baseline control (CK2), traditional full-rate combined manure–chemical fertilization (TF), traditional half-rate combined manure–chemical fertilization (T1), half-dose sole manure fertilizer (T2), and half-dose sole chemical fertilizer only (T3). Results: Our results demonstrated that ARG abundance and associated mobile genetic elements (MGEs) exhibited a pronounced transient surge immediately post-fertilization, yet reverted to baseline levels by harvest, revealing a tangible resilience of the soil resistome. Notably, the optimized half-organic fertilization (T2) effectively curtailed the proliferation of manure-derived pathogenic taxa while preserving beneficial keystone phyla (e.g., Acidobacteria and Proteobacteria), indicating a trade-off between nutrient provisioning and ecological filtering. Co-occurrence network analysis further identified MB-A2-108, Saccharimonadales, and Rokubacteriales as pivotal hosts for multidrug-resistant ARGs, underscoring that microbial interspecific interactions—rather than taxonomic richness alone—are the primary drivers of resistome succession. Quantitative risk assessment confirmed that the T2 regimen reduced the composite ARG contamination index (CF_zone) by 25% relative to conventional full fertilization (TF), while maintaining comparable cabbage yields. Conclusions: Collectively, our findings advocate for precision organic fertilization as a nature-based solution that synchronizes nutrient supply with crop demand, curtails ARG propagation, and mitigates long-term agroecological risks. Full article

Skeleton-based action recognition has attracted considerable research interest because skeleton data are inherently robust to illumination changes, viewpoint variation, background clutter, and camera motion. Nevertheless, extracting informative representations from skeleton sequences remains a challenging problem, as it requires capturing both the spatial co-occurrence patterns among body joints and the fine-grained kinematic cues that distinguish different actions. In this paper, we propose a single-stream architecture that constructs an action-specific skeleton graph directly from motion and processes it with a kinematic-aware Transformer. Rather than relying on a fixed skeleton topology, a motion-guided dynamic-graph construction module infers a per-frame adjacency matrix from short-term motion cues through a differentiable edge predictor and Gumbel-Softmax sparsification, allowing the model to discover action-driven connections between distant joints that lack direct bone connectivity (e.g., coordinated hand motion during clapping). Each joint is described by kinematic node features that combine its 3D position, instantaneous velocity, and limb-angle encodings within a single descriptor, so that both motion dynamics and higher-order limb configurations are available to the spatial encoder from the outset. A graph-attention network (GAT) encodes the spatial configuration of every frame over the learned graph, and the resulting sequence of frame descriptors is processed by a Transformer encoder that models long-range temporal dependencies; a learnable classification token aggregates the sequence, and a multi-layer perceptron (MLP) produces the final action classification. The entire model is trained end-to-end from action labels alone. We conduct a comprehensive ablation study and evaluate the proposed method on the large-scale NTU RGB+D 60 and NTU RGB+D 120 benchmarks, where the results demonstrate that our approach achieves competitive performance compared to state-of-the-art architectures. Full article

The widespread use of neonicotinoids (NEOs) poses a significant risk to school-aged children. However, critical knowledge gaps remain regarding their comprehensive exposure profiles and associated health risks. This study assessed the co-exposure levels and non-carcinogenic risks of 16 NEOs (including both traditional and emerging compounds) in 184 school-aged children recruited from a typical rural and urban area of South China. The sum concentrations of 16 NEOs (∑₁₆NEOs) ranged from 0.648 to 227 μg/L (median: 8.99 μg/L). The predominant compounds were clothianidin (CLO, 1.93 μg/L), N-desmethyl-acetamiprid (N-dm-ACE, 1.64 μg/L), thiamethoxam (THM, 0.792 μg/L), and dinotefuran (DIN, 0.222 μg/L). To our knowledge, this is the first report of emerging NEOs—paichongding (IPP), sulfoxaflor (SUL), and flonicamid (FLO)—in children urine, with detection frequencies of 11.4%, 68.2%, and 53.4%, respectively. Significant rural–urban disparities in urinary concentrations were observed. The metabolite-to-parent ratios (e.g., N-dm-ACE/ACE, 5-OH-IMI/IMI, and THCP-AM/THCP) may serve as a useful biomarker for assessing human exposure to NEOs, as it provides valuable insight into the metabolic fate of the target compounds and aids in distinguishing exposure pathways. The median estimated daily intake (EDI) values for CLO, N-dm-ACE, THM, and ∑₁₂NEOs were 0.127, 0.117, 0.046, and 0.696 μg/kg-bw/day, respectively. Although the hazard quotient for individual compounds was below 1 for vast majority of school-aged children, cumulative exposure assessment indicated that 1.09% of participants had a hazard quotient exceeding 1 for both IMI_eq and ∑₁₂NEOs, suggesting potential health concerns under co-exposure scenarios. Using a multi-criteria Toxicological Priority Index (ToxPi) model, CLO, THM, thiacloprid-amid (THCP-AM), and N-dm-ACE were identified as the high-priority compounds requiring regulatory attention in children’s environmental health. This study provides the first comprehensive biomonitoring and ToxPi-based prioritization of both traditional and emerging NEOs in school-aged children in South China. The findings highlight the urgent need for continued monitoring, refined mixture risk assessment, and regulatory consideration of emerging substitutes and their metabolites, which are not adequately covered by current safety guidelines. Full article

Background: In recent decades, the incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC) has been rising worldwide. CRC ranks second in cancer-related mortality. The identification of reliable biomarkers for early diagnosis and prognosis prediction, along with a deeper understanding of the underlying molecular events, holds substantial promise for improving patient outcomes. The tissue inhibitor of the metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP1) gene is overexpressed in various gastrointestinal malignancies and contributes to tumor progression. However, its role in regulating the CRC tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) and its potential as a clinically actionable prognostic biomarker remain unclear. Methods: To probe how TIMP1 acts as a prognosis-related candidate biomarker in colorectal carcinoma, TCGA-derived datasets were adopted to conduct Kaplan–Meier survival assessment. We also investigated the connection between the expression abundance of TIMP1 and the infiltration of immune populations and intratumoral lymphocytes; furthermore, immune checkpoint-related genes were systematically assessed across multiple tumor types via the TISIDB and TIMER2.0 platforms, with particular emphasis on CRC. We adopted the ESTIMATE scoring system to figure out how TIMP1 gene expression correlates with the phenotypic properties of the colorectal-cancer TIME. We relied on the limma toolkit for the screening of differential transcripts from high-TIMP1 and low-TIMP1 cohorts. Enrichment assessments covering Gene Ontology terms and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes entries were then carried out to predict the potential biological pathways associated with TIMP1. We constructed the protein–protein interaction map for TIMP1-interacting partners via the STRING repository. To further explore TIMP1-correlated genes, we performed Venn diagram intersection analysis combined with Spearman’s correlation test. Finally, quantitative reverse-transcription PCR was then implemented to detect TIMP1 messenger-RNA abundance inside the RKO colorectal carcinoma cell line as well as normal colonic epithelial CCD-18Co cells, which offered in vitro experimental verification for our bioinformatic outcomes. Results: According to outcome data, TIMP1 transcripts were markedly up-regulated in CRC specimens and cell lines relative to normal samples. Elevated TIMP1 expression served as a poor-prognosis indicator for overall survival (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.43, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.29–0.64, p < 0.001) and disease-specific survival (HR = 0.39, 95% CI = 0.22–0.68, p = 0.001) among colorectal-carcinoma patients. TIMP1-high and TIMP1-low groups exhibited notable differences in immune cell infiltration (CD8⁺ T, macrophage, mast, neutrophil, B, monocyte, dendritic, and CD4⁺ T cells). TIMP1 expression was also significantly correlated with tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, key immune checkpoint genes (e.g., CD274 [PD-L1] and CTLA4), and immunomodulatory chemokines (e.g., CCL3 and CCL5). Twelve TIMP1-interacting DEGs were selected: COL5A1, FN1, PRG4, and a cluster of nine MMPs (MMP1/2/3/7/8/9/11/13/14), all of which showed significant positive correlations with TIMP1 (r = 0.31–0.63, all p < 0.001). Conclusions: TIMP1 expression correlates with features of the tumor immune microenvironment and extracellular matrix remodeling in CRC, suggesting that TIMP1 shows potential as a candidate biomarker. However, its potential as a therapeutic target warrants further experimental investigation. Full article

Background/Objectives: While currently termed premature ovarian insufficiency (POI), premature ovarian failure (POF) remains a prominent driver of female infertility with a molecular pathogenesis that is still lacking comprehensive clarification. In in vitro studies, the pathology of POI is commonly simulated through a well-characterized model involving VCD (4-vinylcyclohexene diepoxide)-mediated cytotoxicity within KGN-derived human granulosa cells. However, the key regulatory molecular networks involved in this process are still poorly characterized. Although microRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as critical regulators in ovarian function decline, the specific role and underlying mechanism of miR-27b-3p in POI remain elusive. Methods: A VCD-induced KGN cell injury model was established by treating cells with 1.0 mM VCD for 24 h. Cell viability, apoptosis rate, and miR-27b-3p expression were assessed by CCK-8 assay, flow cytometry, and RT-qPCR, respectively. Overexpression and targeted suppression of miR-27b-3p were achieved by introducing its specific mimics and inhibitors, respectively. Target identification was conducted via bioinformatic prediction, EdU incorporation, Western blot, and dual-luciferase reporter assays. Functional rescue experiments were carried out by co-transfection with a PAPPA-overexpressing plasmid (oe-PAPPA). IGF-1 secretion was quantified by ELISA, and phosphorylation of IGF1R and AKT was analyzed by Western blot to determine whether miR-27b-3p modulates cellular phenotypes via the PAPPA–IGF-1–PI3K/AKT axis. Exogenous IGF-1 supplementation was further applied to confirm pathway dependence. Results: VCD treatment dose-dependently restrained cellular growth and stimulated apoptotic pathways in KGN cells; paralleling these phenotypic changes, miR-27b-3p abundance was remarkably increased. Ectopic expression of miR-27b-3p exacerbated VCD-induced growth inhibition and apoptosis, whereas its inhibition conferred cytoprotective effects. Through the integration of computational predictions and dual-luciferase reporter systems, PAPPA was definitively established as a direct downstream target of miR-27b-3p. miR-27b-3p negatively regulated both PAPPA mRNA and protein levels, thereby impairing PAPPA-mediated cleavage of IGF-binding proteins (e.g., IGFBP4) and subsequent release of free IGF-1. This led to reduced IGF-1 secretion and significantly diminished phosphorylation of IGF1R and AKT. Remarkably, PAPPA overexpression effectively reversed the detrimental effects of miR-27b-3p, and exogenous IGF-1 supplementation similarly attenuated miR-27b-3p–mediated proliferation arrest and pro-apoptotic phenotypes. Conclusions: This study uncovers a novel pathogenic mechanism whereby miR-27b-3p exacerbates VCD-induced granulosa cell injury by directly targeting PAPPA, suppressing IGF-1 release, and consequently inhibiting the PI3K/AKT pro-survival signaling pathway. A novel perspective on the fundamental basis of POI is established by this research, which further posits therapeutic manipulation of the miR-27b-3p/PAPPA/IGF-1 module as a prospective treatment for disrupted ovarian function. Full article

The extensive use of common petroleum-based plastics in food packaging has raised serious environmental concerns, accelerating the search for biodegradable and functional alternatives. In this study, poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate)/curcumin (PBAT/Cur) bioactive composite films with colorimetric sensing properties were successfully prepared via solution casting. A systematic characterization was conducted on the structural, morphological, barrier, antioxidant, antibacterial, and colorimetric properties of the films. The optimal PBAT/Cur1% films exhibited potent antioxidant activity (DPPH scavenging up to 95.6%) and moderate antibacterial activity against E. coli and S. aureus. Additionally, curcumin incorporation not only increased the water contact angle of the PBAT/Cur1% films, indicating enhanced surface hydrophobicity, but also concurrently improved the barrier properties, as evidenced by a reduced water vapor permeability (WVP of 14.58 g·mm/m²·day·kPa) and a lower oxygen transmission rate (OTR of 7.533 × 10⁻³ cm³/m²·day·Pa) compared to the neat PBAT films. Notably, the films displayed a distinct and rapid color change from yellow to reddish-brown upon exposure to ammonia vapor, suggesting their promise for on-package visual freshness indication. These findings highlight PBAT/Cur composite films as a sustainable option for active and intelligent food packaging, with combined antioxidant, antibacterial, and colorimetric properties, making them promising for packaging protein-rich foods (e.g., meat and seafood). Full article

Efficient task offloading in UAV-assisted heterogeneous mobile edge computing (MEC) networks is increasingly challenged by the co-existence of operationally distinct workload scenarios—including high-demand bursts, resource-constrained periods, and balanced operational states—each demanding fundamentally different assignment strategies. In such networks, mobile executor nodes (e.g., UAVs or vehicle-mounted edge servers) must be dispatched to the vicinity of geographically distributed tasks, making assignment decisions jointly dependent on node mobility, the quality of sensing data, and dynamic resource availability. Conventional approaches based on combinatorial optimization with fixed parameters or greedy heuristics fail to adapt to these varying conditions, leading to resource depletion under sequential workloads or underutilization under high-demand bursts. To address these limitations, this paper proposes SAGE (Scene-Adaptive Graph-Enhanced offloading), a task-offloading framework that combines a heterogeneous graph neural network (HeteroGNN) with a dueling double DQN meta-controller and a mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) solver. At the state-representation level, a heterogeneous bipartite graph is constructed over mobile executor nodes and tasks, with type-specific projection layers encoding the semantic features of each node type and three-dimensional edge features—comprising task success probability, normalized service distance, and link quality—integrated via edge-gated message passing. At the decision level, the meta-controller perceives the current workload scenario through a seven-dimensional situational state vector fused with the graph embedding, selects an appropriate offloading strategy from a learned discrete action space, and drives the MILP solver to perform task-chain assignment under the selected configuration. Experiments on 60 fixed evaluation episodes spanning three representative workload scenarios demonstrate that SAGE achieves an overall reward improvement of 15.9% over the best fixed-strategy baseline, reduces the resource depletion rate to 16.7%, and maintains a high-priority task completion rate of 84.7%. Particularly under resource-constrained conditions, SAGE reduces the reward deficit by 72.3% relative to the best fixed strategy (from $-0.531$ to $-0.147$), demonstrating strong scene-adaptive decision-making capability. Full article

Greenhouses in subtropical and tropical regions must be designed as agricultural engineering systems adapted to local climates, rather than simply replicating the “insulation” models of temperate areas. Under extreme climatic conditions such as persistent high temperatures, intense solar radiation, high humidity, heavy rainfall, and frequent extreme winds, greenhouses transform from enclosed insulation layers into selective climate filters, mitigating crop stress while maintaining close contact with the outdoor environment. This paper summarizes how these climate drivers are reshaping the use, structure, and control concepts of greenhouses, emphasizing that the performance of warm-zone greenhouses depends primarily on heat dissipation, humidity management, and biohazard control, rather than heating and insulation. In this review, we analyze the climatic boundary conditions that define warm-climate conservation cultivation, including long-term overheating risk, high UV radiation, vapor pressure deficit, and suppressed condensation tendency, as well as storm-induced uplift and dynamic loads. These constraints necessitate unique structural forms: tall, lightweight, well-ventilated building types with large roof and side openings, roof geometries that facilitate rainwater runoff, sophisticated drainage systems, and corrosion-resistant materials suitable for humid and coastal environments. Because insect netting significantly reduces ventilation, pest control and temperature regulation become co-design issues, requiring oversized vents, optimized airflow paths, and hybrid roof–mesh structures. Ventilation is considered the primary climate-control mechanism, supplemented by passive cooling measures such as shading and radiation/optical management (e.g., diffuse films and near-infrared-selective films). Active evaporative cooling is considered a conditional measure due to humidity limitations and disease risks. This paper also integrates the impacts on specific crops (fruits and vegetables, leafy greens, and orchids). It highlights emerging trends: typhoon-resistant and adaptive geometries, computational fluid dynamics (CFD)-based design, and sensor-rich IoT/digital twin control frameworks. These principles collectively establish a coherent design framework for achieving resilient, resource-efficient greenhouse production in warm climates. Full article

Background/Objectives: Seasonal influenza vaccination (SIV) coverage remains suboptimal among adults aged ≥50 years, and the COVID-19 pandemic might influence the determinants of SIV uptake. This systematic review aimed to identify determinants of SIV uptake among adults aged ≥50 years during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: We searched PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, Global Health, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, APA PsycINFO, and APA PsycArticles for studies published between 1 December 2019 and 1 January 2026. The pooled prevalence of SIV uptake was synthesized using random-effects models in meta-analysis. Results: A total of 50 studies were included in the systematic review. COVID-19-related factors, such as perceived risk of co-infection with SARS-CoV-2 and seasonal influenza and concerns about potential interactions between COVID-19 vaccines and SIV, were determinants of SIV uptake. Other modifiable determinants included those that existed before the pandemic (e.g., knowledge and perceptions of seasonal influenza and SIV). Subgroup analysis showed that cost and inaccessibility were barriers to receiving SIV in places without a fully subsidized SIV, and perceived susceptibility and vaccine safety concerns were commonly identified as facilitators and barriers in studies with data collected after the pandemic. The pooled prevalence of SIV uptake among adults aged 50 years or above was 53% (95% confidence interval: 44–62%). Such uptake appeared lower among adults aged 50–64 years, in regions without a fully subsidized SIV, and after the COVID-19 pandemic. Conclusions: These findings could inform service planning and interventions promoting SIV uptake among adults aged ≥50 years in the post-pandemic era. More studies are needed to explore determinants specific to people aged 50–64 years to inform health promotion tailored to their needs. Full article

This study used Camellia pyxidiacea var. rubituberculata as the rootstock and the improved cultivar Camellia oleifera ‘Qianyou 2’ as the scion for heterografting (CO group), with homografting (using C. pyxidiacea var. rubituberculata as both rootstock and scion) as the control. The physiological and metabolic changes during graft healing were investigated by measuring enzyme activities, targeted analysis of endogenous hormones, and non-targeted metabolomics via LC-MS/MS. The results indicate that, compared to homologous grafting, an integrated response pattern characterized by “defense prioritization and growth suppression” was observed in heterologous grafting combinations. At the hormonal level, heterografting significantly inhibited growth-promoting hormones (e.g., zeatin riboside), while defense-related hormones (salicylic acid SA, jasmonic acid JA) and their metabolite, capsidiol, were continuously accumulated and upregulated. At the metabolic pathway level, phenylpropanoid metabolism was redirected: the activity of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) was suppressed, shifting synthesis toward soluble defense compounds like coumarins. Enzymatically, the activities of polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and peroxidase (POD) were significantly enhanced in the mid-to-late stages of healing, promoting the oxidative crosslinking of phenolic compounds and the formation of lignin-related physical barriers. Thus, these three mutually corroborating levels—hormonal signaling, dynamic enzyme activities, and global metabolic networks—collectively point to a healing mode characterized by defense prioritization and growth suppression. This study provides theoretical guidance for the grafting utilization of C. pyxidiacea var. rubituberculata. Full article

Komagataella phaffii has emerged as an important eukaryotic microbial cell factory for the production of industrial enzymes, biopharmaceuticals, and food-related proteins owing to its rapid growth, capacity for eukaryotic post-translational modifications, and suitability for high-cell-density fermentation. However, efficient heterologous protein production remains constrained by limitations in transcriptional regulation, protein secretion, and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) protein-folding capacity. This review summarizes recent advances in engineering key expression elements underlying heterologous protein production in K. phaffii, with particular emphasis on promoter architecture redesign (e.g., upstream activating sequence (UAS) duplication and core promoter mutagenesis), signal peptide replacement and sequence engineering, molecular chaperone co-expression, and quantitative regulation of the unfolded protein response (UPR). Rather than focusing on individual expression modules, this review highlights a systems-level engineering perspective that integrates regulatory elements, intracellular processing, and secretory pathway optimization, illustrating the ongoing transition from empirical modification of individual expression elements to systems-level engineering of the secretory pathway. Recent advances in synthetic biology and artificial intelligence (AI)-assisted approaches are further accelerating the development of predictive and precision engineering approaches for K. phaffii. Together, these advances provide a foundation for the rational design of next-generation K. phaffii cell factories for the sustainable production of structurally complex and high-value recombinant proteins. Full article

Despite decades of surface science research, there is a lack of an universal approach to define the adsorption geometry in catalysis on metal nanoparticles and surfaces. The unified framework introduced in this work allows the comparison of binding sites across different facets and particle-size metals, including stepped surfaces, adatoms and surface vacancies. In this study, we identify 18 adsorption sites on metal nanoparticles and surfaces that have either a face-centred cubic (FCC) or hexagonal close-packed (HCP) structure. Most metals in the periodic table have these structures and we determined the adsorption site geometry on a nanoparticle using a geometric approach with physical magnetic ball-and-stick models. These geometric models include the existence of an octahedral or tetrahedral hole beneath the adsorption site, as these can affect the adsorption site strengths of adsorbates. Furthermore, these adsorption sites are a combination of three-fold hollows and four-fold hollows, which are adsorption sites known to activate diatomic molecules (e.g., N₂ and CO). In addition, adsorption of large-molecular-weight adsorbates can be defined on these sites as they provide multiple contact points in contrast to the typical four-fold hollow, three-fold hollow, and bridge and atop adsorption sites used in heterogeneous catalysis. We find that there are nine geometrically distinct adsorption site topologies composed of square (i.e., 100) and triangular (i.e., 111) motifs. These adsorption site topologies, when combined with a characteristic zeta angle (ζ), result in 18 distinct adsorption site geometries that can be found on metal nanoparticles and surfaces. A systematic naming system for these adsorption sites is provided that defines the adsorption site geometry explicitly. Using this approach, we find that there are five different types of B5 sites, an adsorption site that has been previously found to activate dinitrogen on ruthenium for the ammonia synthesis reaction. Full article

Commercial greenhouses are becoming significant, controllable, and weather-dependent electricity loads in regions pursuing controlled environment agriculture (CEA). Their electrical demands—such as supplemental lighting, heating, ventilation/cooling, irrigation pumps, and CO₂ enrichment—exhibit substantial intra-day flexibility. This flexibility stems from the fact that plant productivity depends on time-integrated agronomic variables (e.g., Daily Light Integral, accumulated thermal time, and mean vapor pressure deficit) rather than instantaneous environmental setpoints. However, existing studies have predominantly focused on greenhouse thermal modeling and energy conservation, while decision-making models that integrate crop physiological characteristics into day-ahead (DA) market bidding remain limited. To bridge this gap, this paper develops a scenario-based stochastic DA bidding framework for a load aggregator, representing multiple smart greenhouses in a wholesale electricity market. In the DA stage, the aggregator submits hourly demand–price bidding curves based on price-conditional schedules of heating and lighting demand while satisfying coupled thermal–photon balance constraints. Fifty representative scenarios generated from 2023 to 2024 historical price and weather data through cGAN-based scenario generation and K-means scenario reduction are used for stochastic bid construction and feasibility analysis. A separate 30-day historical dataset from January 2025 is used for benchmark comparison. The aggregator portfolio consists of 100 greenhouses divided into five LAI-based crop groups, with 20 greenhouses in each group. Relative to the 15–25 °C trapezoidal temperature baseline, which is adopted as the primary practical benchmark, the proposed strategy reduces the mean daily electricity procurement cost by 15.80%. A reduction of 18.89% is also observed relative to the rigid 20 °C thermostat case, which is retained as a capacity-intensive reference. These results represent simulation-based operating-cost comparisons under a common equipment configuration and do not include equipment capital costs. Full article

Visceral white-nodules disease (VWND), caused by Pseudomonas plecoglossicida, poses a severe threat to the large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea) aquaculture industry. Although breeding resistant strains is a promising strategy, the molecular basis of disease resistance in this host remains poorly understood. Here, 1500 fish were artificially infected, and extreme phenotypes (30 resistant, RL; 30 susceptible, SL) were selected based on survival time and liver pathogen load. Liver histopathology revealed that RL fish maintained intact architecture with only mild vacuolation, whereas SL fish exhibited widespread necrosis, inflammation, and hemosiderin deposition. Consistently, RL fish showed lower MDA levels and higher GSH-Px activity and TAC. Transcriptomic analysis identified 172 differentially expressed genes (DEGs): RL fish were characterized by upregulation of anti-inflammatory and tissue-protective genes (Epo, CAV3) and downregulation of pro-coagulant factors (PAI1, K1kb1). Proteomic analysis identified 111 differentially expressed proteins, with significantly enriched pathways including the peroxisome, pentose phosphate, and phagosome pathways. Integrated cross-omics analysis revealed eight co-enriched KEGG pathways; among them, arginine/proline metabolism, phagosome, oxidative phosphorylation, and focal adhesion were consistently upregulated in the RL group. These findings suggest that effective resistance to VWND in L. crocea may involve a coordinated, multi-layered defense program encompassing redox balance, regulated immune responses, metabolic reprogramming, and cellular homeostasis. Cross-omics-supported candidate factors (e.g., P4ha1, COX6B, RAB5A, CAV3) represent promising targets for functional validation via DNA-level experiments in independent sample sets, and the prominent enrichment of arginine-proline metabolism indicates a potential target for dietary intervention that merits further investigation. Full article

Infectious diseases remain a major global public health concern, disproportionately causing morbidity and mortality in low- and middle-income countries. Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) heavily affect sexually active populations. Sex workers, encompassing female sex workers (FSWs), male sex workers (MSWs), and transgender/gender-diverse individuals, face heightened vulnerabilities due to occupational exposures, structural barriers, stigma, and criminalization. While substantial focus has historically centered on HIV, non-HIV STIs such as Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis, Treponema pallidum, and viral hepatitis present significant co-morbidity. Crucially, drug resistance across these pathogens presents distinct biological and epidemiological challenges: bacterial antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in N. gonorrhoeae and C. trachomatis, antiretroviral (ARV) resistance in HIV, and direct-acting antiviral (DAA) resistance in hepatitis B and C. This perspective article synthesizes the current epidemiological landscape, critiques the reliance on syndromic management over molecular diagnostics (e.g., NAATs, point-of-care, and genomic surveillance), highlights diagnostic stewardship, and outlines priority public health strategies aligned with the WHO 2022–2030 Global Health Sector Strategies. Full article