Search Results (6)

Cortical laminar bone membranes (CLBMs) combine mechanical strength with controlled resorption to overcome the limitations of conventional guided bone regeneration membranes. This narrative review synthesizes the clinical efficacy and comparative outcomes of CLBMs from human studies. A systematic literature search identified 13 human clinical studies evaluating CLBMs from xenogeneic (porcine, equine, bovine) and autogenous sources. Compared to conventional alternatives, CLBMs demonstrated superior outcomes: horizontal ridge augmentation achieved 3.1–5.8 mm gains with CLBMs versus 2.0–3.0 mm with collagen membranes (50–100% improvement); membrane exposure rates were 3–8% (CLBMs) versus 15–30% (titanium mesh); and socket preservation achieved a 72% resorption reduction versus natural healing controls. Vertical augmentation achieved 7–11 mm gains. Maxillary sinus augmentation achieved a 100% implant success (1–5 year follow-up). The overall implant survival rates ranged 90.9–100% with CLBMs, exceeding the reported success rates (85–95%) of conventional GBR approaches, with complication rates of 0–12.5%. A histomorphometric analysis demonstrated new bone formation of 29.7–40% at 6 months, with a residual biomaterial of 26.2–35%. CLBMs demonstrate favorable exposure rates and excellent biocompatibility. These membranes support lateral, vertical, and combined defect reconstruction, with reduced donor-site morbidity compared to autogenous approaches. High-quality comparative trials and extended follow-up studies are needed to establish definitive clinical guidelines. Full article

Medium- and large-scale heat sinks are critical for thermal load management in high-performance systems. However, their high heat flux densities and limited space complicate cooling, leading to risks of overheating, performance degradation, or failure. This study employs the Cascaded Lattice Boltzmann Method (CLBM) to enhance their thermal performance. This numerical approach is known for being stable, accurate when dealing with complex boundaries, and efficient when computing in parallel. The numerical code was validated against a benchmark configuration and an experimental setup to ensure its reliability and accuracy. While previous studies have explored mixed convection in cavities or heat sinks, few have addressed configurations involving side air injection and boundary conditions periodicity in the transition-to-turbulent regime. This gap limits the understanding of realistic cooling strategies for compact systems. Focusing on mixed convection in the transition-to-turbulent regime, where buoyancy and forced convection interact, the study investigates the impact of Rayleigh number values ($5\times {10}^7$ to $5\times {10}^8$) and Reynolds number values (${10}^3$ to $3\times {10}^3$) on heat transfer. Simulations were conducted in a rectangular cavity with periodic boundary conditions on the vertical walls. Two heat sources are located on the bottom wall ($T_h$ = 50 °C). Two openings, one on each side of the two hot sources, force a jet of fresh air in from below. An opening at the level of the cavity ceiling’s axis of symmetry evacuates the hot air. Mixed convection drives the flow, exhibiting complex multicellular structures influenced by the control parameters. Calculating the average Nusselt number (Nu) across the surfaces of the heat sink reveals significant dependencies on the Reynolds number. The proposed correlation between Nu and Re, developed specifically for this configuration, fills the current gap and provides valuable insights for optimizing heat transfer efficiency in engineering applications. Full article

Following Einstein’s prediction that “Physics constitutes a logical system of thought” and “Nature is the realization of the simplest conceivable mathematical ideas”, this topical review outlines a formal extension of local realism limited by the speed of light to global realism with bipolar strings (GRBS) that unifies the principle of locality with quantum nonlocality. The related literature is critically reviewed to justify GRBS which is shown as a necessary and inevitable consequence of the Bell test and an equilibrium-based axiomatization of physics and quantum information science for brain–universe similarity and human-level intelligence. With definable causality in regularity and mind–light–matter unity for quantum superposition/entanglement, bipolar universal modus ponens (BUMP) in GRBS makes quantum emergence and submergence of spacetime logically ubiquitous in both the physical and mental worlds—an unexpected but long-sought simplification of quantum gravity with complete background independence. It is shown that GRBS forms a basis for quantum intelligence (QI)—a spacetime transcendent, quantum–digital compatible, analytical quantum computing paradigm where bipolar strings lead to bipolar entropy as a nonlinear bipolar dynamic and set–theoretic unification of order and disorder as well as linearity and nonlinearity for energy/information conservation, regeneration, and degeneration toward quantum cognition and quantum biology (QCQB) as well as information-conservational blackhole keypad compression and big bang data recovery. Subsequently, GRBS is justified as a real-world quantum gravity (RWQG) theory—a bipolar relativistic causal–logical reconceptualization and unification of string theory, loop quantum gravity, and M-theory—the three roads to quantum gravity. Based on GRBS, the following is posited: (1) life is a living bipolar superstring regulated by bipolar entropy; (2) thinking with consciousness and memory growth as a prerequisite for human-level intelligence is fundamentally mind–light–matter unitary QI logically equivalent to quantum emergence (entanglement) and submergence (collapse) of spacetime. These two posits lead to a positive answer to the question “If AI machine cannot think, can QI machine think?”. Causal–logical brain modeling (CLBM) for entangled machine thinking and imagination (EMTI) is proposed and graphically illustrated. The testability and falsifiability of GRBS are discussed. Full article

This technical paper outlines the predictive performance of a recently published dynamic cumulant lattice Boltzmann method (C-LBM) to model turbulent shear flows at all resolutions. Emphasis is given to a simple strategy that avoids a frequently observed velocity overshoot phenomenon near rigid walls when combining the C-LBM with an all-resolution (universal) wall function. The examples included are confined to turbulent channel flow results for a variety of friction Reynolds numbers within 180 and 50,000, obtained on a sequence of isotropic, homogeneous grids that feature non-dimensional lattice spacings using inner coordinates from 4 to 2200. The results indicate that adjusting the near-wall distance of the first fluid node, i.e., the intersection of the wall with the first lattice edge, to the resolution provides a reasonably simple, robust, and accurate supplement to the all-resolution C-LBM approach. The investigated wall function/C-LBM combination displays a remarkable predictive performance for all investigated resolutions. Full article

As most of the community discovery methods are researched by static thought, some community discovery algorithms cannot represent the whole dynamic network change process efficiently. This paper proposes a novel dynamic community discovery method (Phylogenetic Planted Partition Model, PPPM) for phylogenetic evolution. Firstly, the time dimension is introduced into the typical migration partition model, and all states are treated as variables, and the observation equation is constructed. Secondly, this paper takes the observation equation of the whole dynamic social network as the constraint between variables and the error function. Then, the quadratic form of the error function is minimized. Thirdly, the Levenberg–Marquardt (L–M) method is used to calculate the gradient of the error function, and the iteration is carried out. Finally, simulation experiments are carried out under the experimental environment of artificial networks and real networks. The experimental results show that: compared with FaceNet, SBM + MLE, CLBM, and PisCES, the proposed PPPM model improves accuracy by 5% and 3%, respectively. It is proven that the proposed PPPM method is robust, reasonable, and effective. This method can also be applied to the general social networking community discovery field. Full article

This study aimed to investigate the effect of applying various silage additives to whole corn crops at ensiling on growth performance, rumen fermentation, and blood physiology in growing–finishing bulls. Sixty Simmental × Yellow Cattle crossbred bulls were blocked by initial body weight (BW; 324.0 ± 5.4 kg) into 15 blocks. Animals in each block were randomly assigned to one of four diets formulated based on the following corn silage: control (CON), inoculated with complex lactic acid bacteria (CLB), ensilaged with mixed organic acid salts (MS), and ensilaged with CLB and MS (CLBMS). The feeding experiment lasted over 155 days, with an additional 7 days for adaptation. The results showed that bulls fed CLB-inoculated silage had greater (p < 0.05) daily dry matter intake than the other groups. The experimental treatment had no significant effect on average daily gain (p = 0.33) and feed-to-gain ratio (p = 0.13), although bulls fed CLB-inoculated silage had a larger numeric average daily gain. All additive-treated silage increased ruminal NH₃–N content (p < 0.05) and reduced the acetate-to-propionate ratio (p < 0.05) of bulls compared with the control group. Bulls fed CLB-inoculated silage had a lower ruminal pH value (p < 0.05) than that of the other groups. Compared with the control group, bulls fed CLB-inoculated silage had greater blood cholesterol, albumin, and urea nitrogen (p < 0.05). Blood physiological responses were similar in bulls fed MS-treated and control silage, whereas those in cattle fed CLBMS-treated silage were between bulls fed CLB- and MS-treated silages and more similar to the former. Taking animal performance and cost effectiveness into consideration, the application of CLB alone to whole corn crops at ensiling appears to be a better choice compared with the application of either MS alone or both of them together. Full article