Many CAN-based session key sharing approaches are based on the group key scheme, which can easily lead advanced adversaries to infiltrate all ECUs (electronic control units) in the network if the sharing key is leaked. To address the above problem, w...
In this article, a hybrid powertrain for the Volkswagen (VW) Crafter is designed using the Model-In-The-Loop (MIL) method. An enhanced Proportional-Integral (PI) control technique based on integral cost functions is developed by carrying out a time-b...
With the rapid development of the Internet of Vehicles, the increase in vehicle functional requirements has led to the continuous increase in complex electronic systems, and the in-vehicle network is extremely vulnerable to network attacks. The contr...
In-vehicle electronic control unit (ECU) communications generally count on private protocols (defined by the manufacturers) under controller area network (CAN) specifications. Parsing the private protocols for a particular vehicle model would be of g...
Time-synchronization technology can provide a common notion of time among the participating nodes on a network. This is essential not only for protocol operation for time-critical services but also for the time stamp for information included in the m...
Automated story writing has been a subject of study for over 60 years. Today, large language models can generate narratively consistent and linguistically coherent short fiction texts. Despite these advancements, rigorous assessment of such outputs i...
Security has become critical for in-vehicle networks as they carry safety-critical data from various components, e.g., sensors or actuators, and current research proposals were quick to react with cryptographic protocols designed for in-vehicle buses...
With the integration of an increasing number of outward-facing components in intelligent and connected vehicles, the open controller area network (CAN) bus environment faces increasingly severe security threats. However, existing security measures re...
Foot pain represents one of the most common symptoms in lower limb issues, especially in elderly individuals. This condition, often associated with other pathologies, increases the risk of falling. To better understand the risk of falls, it is essent...
This paper presents the initial developments of new hardware devices targeted for CAN (Controller Area Network) bus communications in forest machines. CAN bus is a widely used protocol for communications in the automobile area. It is also applied in...
This study investigates the integration of smart card readers into vehicle ignition systems as a multifaceted solution to enhance security, regulatory compliance, and road safety. By implementing real-time driver verification, encryption protocols (A...
Integrating embedded systems into next-generation vehicles is proliferating as they increase safety, efficiency, and driving comfort. These functionalities are provided by hundreds of electronic control units (ECUs) that communicate with each other u...
In some states, the Stream Quantification Tool (SQT) has been adopted to quantify functional change of stream mitigation efforts. However, the ability of the SQT protocol to predict biological function and uphold the premise of the Stream Functions P...
The global production of plastics increased from 1.5 million tons in 1950 to 370 million tons in 2020. Microplastics (MPs) are plastic particles smaller than 5 mm, with a concerning ubiquitous occurrence in marine environments, posing risks to wildli...
Despite being a leading producer and exporter of dairy products, New Zealand has no industry-recognised welfare assessment protocol. A New Zealand-specific protocol is essential, as almost all dairy farms in New Zealand are pasture-based and housing...
Glioblastoma multiforme is one of the most malignant neoplasms among humans in their third and fourth decades of life, which is evidenced by short patient survival times and rapid tumor-cell proliferation after radiation and chemotherapy. At present,...
We developed and evaluated a monitoring and control system based on the controller area network (CAN) bus with a microprocessor of Arduino UNOs and a logic analyzer as auxiliary tools. We implemented a CAN bus communication system using Arduino UNO t...
Background: Placebo has been studied for many years and is ever-present in healthcare. In clinical practice, its use is limited by ethical issues raised by the deception entailed by its administration. Objective: To investigate whether, when given de...
Background: The impairment of limb function and disability are among the most im portant consequences of stroke. To date, however, little research has been done on the early reha bilitation trial (ERT) after stroke in these patients. The purpose of t...
The Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), adopted in 1992 and entered into force at the end of 1993, established a global regime on access to genetic resources (GR) and sharing of benefits arising from their utilization (Access and Benefit Sharin...
The myotendinous junction (MTJ) is an interface that different stimuli alter their morphology. One of the main stimuli to promote alterations in the MTJ morphology is physical exercise. The present study aimed to investigate the morphology and molecu...
Sarcomas comprise 1% of adult tumors and are very heterogeneous. Long-lasting and cumulative treatment side-effects detract from the (progression-free) survival benefit of treatment. Therefore, it is important to assess treatment effectiveness in ter...
Despite most episodes of low back pain (LBP) being short-lasting, some transition into persistent long-lasting problems. Hence, the need for a deeper understanding of the physiological mechanisms of this is pertinent. Therefore, the aims of the prese...
Background: A cochlear implant (CI) enables deaf people to understand speech but due to technical restrictions, users face great limitations in noisy conditions. Music training has been shown to augment shared auditory and cognitive neural networks f...
31 July 2025
As veganism becomes more popular, the number of vegan pregnant women and children is steadily increasing. During vegan pregnancy and early childhood, there is a high risk for nutrient deficiencies that may impair child development. External factors,...
Spine surgery is painful despite the balanced techniques including intraoperative and postoperative opioids use. We investigated the effect of intraoperative magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) on acute pain intensity, analgesic consumption and intraoperative...
The need for continuous monitoring of physiological information of critical organs of the human body, combined with the ever-growing field of electronics and sensor technologies and the vast opportunities brought by 5G connectivity, have made implant...
Authentication protocol is a critical part of any application to manage the access control in many applications. A former research recently proposed a lightweight authentication scheme to transmit data in an IoT subsystem securely. Although the desig...
Digital watermarking can be used to implement mechanisms aimed at protecting the copyright of digital content distributed on the Internet. Such mechanisms support copyright identification and content tracking by enabling content providers to embed pe...
For secure location proof in many applications, distance bounding protocols are considered as one of the useful tools that can be used in practice. In distance bounding protocols, a prover and a verifier can measure the distance between them by perfo...
The autonomic Internet of Things is the creation of self-management capability in the Internet of Things system by embedding some autonomic properties, with the goal of freeing humans from all detail of the operation and management of the system. At...
In order to facilitate the transition between networks and the integration of heterogeneous networks, the underlying link design of the current mainstream Information-Centric Networking (ICN) still considers the characteristics of the general network...
Wireless medical sensor networks (WMSNs), a type of wireless sensor network (WSN), have enabled medical professionals to identify patients’ health information in real time to identify and diagnose their conditions. However, since wireless commu...
We present the first provably-secure three-party password-only authenticated key exchange (PAKE) protocol that can run in only two communication rounds. Our protocol is generic in the sense that it can be constructed from any two-party PAKE protocol....
In this paper, cooperative control and optimal control methods are used for the formation control of mixed-order heterogeneous multi-agent systems. The system consists of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), unmanned surface vehicles (USVs), and unmanned...
We propose an underwater multi-DATA train protocol with multi-RTS reception and block ACK (BACK) for underwater acoustic sensor networks. Due to long underwater acoustic propagation delay, some RTS frames may not overlap at a sink node, even if the R...
A hierarchical method is often used to simplify the design of complex logic. However, when the hierarchical method is used to implement protocol control, there is no suitable decoupling method to divide the sophisticated protocol control into a serie...
The Internet of Things (IoT) consists of a range of devices that communicate with other devices that are surrounding them. Secure communications between IoT devices have been an essential requirement. However, most existing authentication protocols f...
Secure multi-party computation (SMC) is a cryptographic protocol that allows participants to compute the desired output without revealing their inputs. A variety of results related to increasing the efficiency of SMC protocol have been reported, and...
Blockchain technology can be used in the IoT to ensure the data privacy collected by sensors. In blockchain systems, consensus mechanisms are a key technology for maintaining data consistency and correctness. Among the various consensus protocols, as...
Lung ultrasound can detect hidden lung congestion in hemodialysis (HD) patients, even though they present no symptoms of hypervolemia. The 28-zone protocol is the one mainly assessed in the majority of studies. However, it is quite time consuming, ma...
In this paper, a quantum identity authentication protocol is presented based on the counterfactual quantum key distribution system. Utilizing the proposed protocol, two participants can verify each other’s identity through the counterfactual qu...
The interactive capacity of a noisy channel is the highest possible rate at which arbitrary interactive protocols can be simulated reliably over the channel. Determining the interactive capacity is notoriously difficult, and the best known lower boun...
In a smart city, there are different types of entities, such as nature persons, IoT devices, and service providers, which have different computational limitations and storage limitations. Unfortunately, all of the existing authentication and key exch...
We present a secure multi-party quantum summation protocol based on quantum teleportation, in which a malicious, but non-collusive, third party (TP) helps compute the summation. In our protocol, TP is in charge of entanglement distribution and Bell s...
We propose a simultaneous classical communication and quantum key distribution (SCCQ) protocol based on plug-and-play configuration with an optical amplifier. Such a protocol could be attractive in practice since the single plug-and-play system is ta...
The existing lattice-based cut-and-choose oblivious transfer protocol is constructed based on the learning-with-errors (LWE) problem, which generally has the problem of inefficiency. An efficient cut-and-choose oblivious transfer protocol is proposed...
We propose a quantum protocol to authenticate classical messages that can be used to replace Wegman–Carter’s classical authentication scheme in quantum key distribution (QKD) protocols. We show that the proposed scheme achieves greater conditional en...
Currently, published systematic review protocols (SR protocols) have increasingly become a new trend in fields such as acupuncture and are therefore a new source of quotations in these fields. Systematic reviews are considered the pinnacle of the evi...
We experimentally investigate how initial entanglement between the system and environment can be detected in an open system by using some prior knowledge of the joint evolutions. The protocol we employed requires classical optimization on the results...
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