Search Results (88)

Previous research has found an association between PM_2.5 exposure and worsening depression; however, studies specifically examining the harmful effects of individual PM_2.5 components are relatively limited. This national survey enrolled individuals aged 45 and older in mainland China, collecting personal data and assessing depression. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the 10-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D-10). Monthly exposure to PM_2.5 and its seven components—black carbon (BC), organic matter (OM), nitrate (NO₃⁻), sulfate (SO₄²⁻), ammonium (NH₄⁺), soil particles (SOIL), and sea salt (SS)—was matched to each participant’s residence. Linear mixed-effects models (LMEs) assessed the association between single pollutants and depression score, while weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression examined the effect of mixed exposure and identified the contribution of each component. Modifying effects of social activity and green space were also evaluated. A total of 9725 participants were included. In single-exposure models, each interquartile range (IQR) increase in PM_2.5 (29.18 μg/m³), BC (2.25 μg/m³), OM (7.18 μg/m³), SOIL (6.04 μg/m³), and SS (0.14 μg/m³) was significantly associated with an increase in depression score of 0.90 (95% CI: 0.59, 1.20), 0.71 (95% CI: 0.42, 1.09), 0.94 (95% CI: 0.61, 1.26), 0.51 (95% CI: 0.38, 0.63), and 0.53 (95% CI: 0.33, 0.73) points, respectively. In mixed-exposure models, each IQR increase in the mixture of all components was associated with a 1.104-point rise in depression score (95% CI: 0.901, 1.307), with BC having the largest weight (33.6%), followed by SOIL (28.59%) and SS (25.05%). The harmful effects of PM_2.5 and specific components on depression were lower among those who participated in social activities or lived in areas with higher levels of green space (p < 0.05). These findings suggest that the harmful effects of PM_2.5 on depression may be influenced by its components, and that social activity and green space could reduce the risk of depression associated with PM_2.5 and its components. Full article

Cosmology is living through fascinating times, where new observations from ground and space telescopes are questioning the established paradigm, the so-called $\mathsf{\Lambda }$ Cold Dark Matter model. The particle nature of Dark Matter is severely constrained by underground experiments, while recent observations by galaxy surveys indicate that the cosmological constant ($\mathsf{\Lambda }$) may not be constant after all. Furthermore, observations at high redshift of fully formed galaxies with massive black holes at their centers by the James Webb Space Telescope, as well as black holes with unexpected properties observed by the LIGO-Virgo gravitational wave detectors, are driving an in-depth revision of our assumptions in models of structure formation and the evolution of the Universe. I propose exploring two new paradigms to account for Dark Matter and Dark Energy, based on known physics, without introducing new particles into the Standard Model of Particle Physics. I will extend the primordial spectrum of fluctuations to small scales with new statistical properties to provide a viable Primordial Black Hole scenario for Dark Matter, and will include non-equilibrium thermodynamics in the expanding Universe, in the form of General Relativistic Entropic Acceleration, to explain Dark Energy. My proposal could provide a unified explanation for a plethora of interrelated multi-epoch, multi-scale, and multi-probe observations from present and future Gravitational Wave detectors, Large Scale Structure observatories, and Cosmic Microwave Background experiments. It emphasizes the need to develop new theoretical ideas hand-in-hand with observations to acquire a deeper understanding of our universe. If these ideas are correct, they will open a new window into the early universe and a new fundamental understanding of gravity in the late universe. Full article

This study examines the relationship between institutional resource allocation to Multicultural Student Programs and Services (MSPS) and the retention rates of students of color at public higher education institutions as operationalized by the Unit Power held by MSPS leaders. Situated in the socio-political context influenced by the Black Lives Matter movement and rising anti-diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) legislation, the research seeks to understand if targeted investments in MSPS meaningfully enhance retention for Asian, Black, Hispanic, and Multiracial students. Using Quantitative Critical Race Theory (QuantCrit), the study employs correlation and multiple regression analyses to assess the effectiveness of MSPS expenditures. Results demonstrate that institutional investment in MSPS is positively associated with higher one-year retention rates for students of color. Additionally, the research highlights the critical role of MSPS administrators’ unit power, characterized by their environmental influence, institutional authority, and negotiation capabilities, in securing necessary funding. These findings contextualize the financial decisions institutions face amidst legislative pressures questioning the validity of diversity initiatives. This study contributes to the existing literature by demonstrating how resource allocation strategies directly impact equity and retention outcomes, advocating for strategic, data-driven investments in MSPS as essential components for institutional effectiveness, credibility, and sustainable diversity practices. Full article

Black carbon (BC) is a short-lived climate pollutant with substantial warming and health impacts, yet its contribution from maritime activities in data-limited regions remains poorly constrained. This study conducts a methodological and uncertainty-focused evaluation of tier-based emission inventory approaches from the European Monitoring and Evaluation Programme/European Environment Agency (EMEP/EEA) Guidebook, examining fuel-based (Tier I) and activity-based (Tier III) methodologies using national fuel statistics, port call activity, vessel registry data, and an operational Philippine Coast Guard dataset. Monte Carlo uncertainty analysis, spatial mapping, and hotspot intensity analysis are applied to evaluate how each tier responds to data limitations and parameter uncertainty rather than to reconcile absolute emission magnitudes. Results indicate that Tier I provides scalability for national reporting but exhibits substantial uncertainty for gasoline-dominated segments due to reliance on particulate matter-based proxies, underscoring the role of Tier II as a targeted refinement option. Tier III applies an activity-based formulation using fuel consumption resolved by operational phase and phase-specific emission factors, consistent with EMEP/EEA Tier III guidance. These findings are integrated into a decision-oriented synthesis to support informed selection and combination of tiered emission approaches under data-limited maritime conditions aligned with national and international climate commitments. Full article

The occurrence of filter bubbles and echo chambers in social media recommendation systems poses a significant threat to information diversity and democratic discourse. Although graph neural networks (GNNs) achieve leading accuracy in user recommendation, their optimization for engagement metrics inadvertently reinforces homophily, creating isolated information ecosystems. This research developed community-aware two-stage diversification with GNNs (CATD-GNN), a method that leverages the inherent community structure of social networks to promote diversity without sacrificing recommendation quality. CATD-GNN integrates community detection with GNN learning through a two-stage diversification process. The proposed method employs the Louvain method to identify community structures as pseudo-categories, then applies submodular neighbor selection and community-based loss reweighting during GNN training (Stage 1), followed by coverage and redundancy-aware reranking (Stage 2). Twitter data capturing Black Lives Matter discourse and Reddit political discussion networks were used to evaluate the method. CATD-GNN achieves improvements in diversity metrics while maintaining competitive accuracy. The two-stage architecture demonstrates a synergistic effect: the combination of diversity-aware training and coverage-based reranking produces greater improvements than either component alone. The proposed method successfully identifies and recommends users from different communities while preserving recommendation relevance. Full article

This study evaluated the effects of including additional roughage and the timing of roughage addition on rumen temperature (T_RUM), rumen pH, dry matter intake as a percentage of live weight (DMILW), water consumption as a percentage of live weight (WILW) and average daily gain of grain-fed steers exposed to a simulated heat wave. A total of forty-eight Black Angus steers (539.53 ± 4.95 kg) were housed within climate control rooms for 21 days and exposed to a 5-day simulated heat wave. Steers were randomly allocated into four cohorts with 12 steers/cohort, and then allocated to one of three dietary treatments: Treatment 1 (T1) were fed a finisher diet for the 21 days; Treatment 2 (T2) transitioned from the finisher diet to a heat load diet on d 9 and fed the heat load diet until d 14; and Treatment 3 (T3) transitioned from the finisher diet to the heat load diet on d 7 and fed the heat load diet until d 14. On d 15, T2 and T3 transitioned back to the finisher diet. The study was categorised into five phases consisting of (i) Phase I, d 0–6 (Temperature Humidity Index, THI 65 to 78); (ii) Phase II, d 7–8 (THI 65 to 78); (iii) Phase III, d 9–11 (THI 83 to 90); (iv) Phase IV, d 12–13 (THI 78 to 85); and (v) Phase V, d 14–20 (THI 65 to 78). During the heat wave challenge in Phase III, all Treatments exhibited lower DMILW (p < 0.0001), greater T_RUM and rumen pH (p < 0.0001), lower ranges in T_RUM and rumen pH (p ≤ 0.0005) and altered diurnal T_RUM and rumen pH rhythms. Average daily gain was not influenced by Treatments (p ≥ 0.98). Overall, these results suggest that nutritional management remains an important consideration to reduce the impact of hot climatic conditions on the rumen environment during heat wave and post-heat wave conditions. Full article

Plastic mulch is widely used in organic strawberry production but raises sustainability concerns due to its persistence, disposal challenges, and contribution to microplastic pollution. This study evaluated the potential of high-residue cover crops and living mulches as alternatives to plastic mulch in coastal California. Over two seasons (2022–2024), we compared five mulching treatments: black polyethylene mulch (Plastic); a white clover (Trifolium repens) living mulch (Clover); two roller-crimped sorghum–sudangrass and field pea mixtures (Sorghum 1, Sorghum 2); and a roller-crimped buckwheat–pea mixture (Buckwheat). The objectives were to evaluate the effectiveness of these treatments on (i) soil properties and biological indicators, (ii) weed suppression, and (iii) strawberry yield in organic systems. A schematic timeline was developed to depict cover-crop growth, termination, and strawberry production across both years. Compost (10 t·ha⁻¹) and fish emulsion (5–1–1 NPK, 4 L·ha⁻¹ biweekly) were applied to all treatments during fruiting. Sorghum residues produced the highest biomass (up to 23 t·ha⁻¹) and supported yields comparable to plastic mulch in 2023. Under lower-yield conditions in 2024, sorghum-based treatments outperformed plastic. Soil responses were modest and time-point specific: Sorghum 1 showed higher organic C and organic N pre-harvest in 2023, and both sorghum treatments increased soil organic matter pre-harvest in 2024. Biological indicators such as CO₂–C and microbially active carbon declined seasonally across all treatments, indicating strong temporal control. Weed outcomes diverged by system—Clover suppressed weeds effectively but reduced yield by >50% due to competition, while Buckwheat decomposed rapidly and provided limited late-season suppression. These results demonstrate that rolled high-residue cover crops, particularly sorghum-based systems, can reduce dependence on plastic mulch while maintaining yields and enhancing soil cover. Living mulches and short-lived covers may complement residue systems when managed to minimize competition and extend ground cover. Full article

This study explored how the death of Mr. George Floyd and the Black Lives Matter protests that followed it influenced emerging adults’ views on racism and racial identity. A mixed-methods study consisting of open-ended and Likert items was used. Two major themes, developing racial awareness and negotiating positionality, described the processes of how Mr. Floyd’s death influenced emerging adults. Quantitative analyses revealed that most participants indicated that the death made them more aware of racism (79.9%), helped them realize how serious racism is (74.1%), and increased their wanting to learn more about race relations (71.3%). Only 8% of participants attributed Mr. Floyd’s death to an unfortunate accident caused by a police officer just doing his job, with White men more likely to hold that view. Black participants reported feeling more racial pride after the death. Quantitative data revealed students’ perceptions, while qualitative data revealed the processes of how those perceptions were formed. We interpreted results using an integrated critical race theory and symbolic interactionism framework. Full article

The global Black Lives Matter movement and COVID-19 pandemic drew attention to the urgency of addressing entrenched structural dynamics such as racialization, gender, and colonization shaping health inequities for diverse racialized people. Canadian community-based research with racialized immigrant women recognized the need to enhance service provider capacity using a strengths-based activism approach to support client health and wellbeing. In this study, we aimed to understand the impacts of this mental health promotion practice on service providers and strategies to support them. Through purposeful convenience sampling, three focus groups were completed with 19 service providers working in settlement and mental health services in Toronto, Canada. Participants represented varied ethnicities and work experiences; most self-identified as female and racialized, with experiences living as immigrant women in Canada. Postcolonial feminist and critical mental health promotion analysis illuminated organizational and structural dynamics contributing to burnout and vicarious trauma that necessitate a focus on trauma- and violence-informed care. Transformative narratives reflected service provider resilience and activism, which aligned with and challenged mainstream biomedical approaches to mental health promotion. Implications include employing a postcolonial feminist lens to identify meaningful and comprehensive anti-oppression strategies that take colonialism, racialization, gender, and ableism and their intersections into account to decolonize nursing practices. Promoting health equity for diverse racialized women necessitates focused attention and multilevel anti-oppression strategies aligned with critical mental health promotion practices. Full article

Several epidemiological studies have documented associations between air pollution exposure and cardiovascular responses, including adverse effects of air pollutants on blood pressure (BP). However, previous studies only considered the effect of specific air pollutants on resting BP, and did not sufficiently consider the independent effects of various air pollution species as well as their overall mixture effect. We addressed this gap in our MobiliSense sensor-based study among 273 participants living in the Grand Paris region. Participants wore personal monitors to assess personal exposure to particles [black carbon and particulate matter smaller than 2.5 μm in diameter (PM_2.5)] and gaseous pollutants [ozone (O₃), nitrogen monoxide (NO), carbon monoxide (CO), and nitrogen dioxide (NO₂)] along with noise exposure. Participants were asked to measure their blood pressure (BP) at rest in the mornings and evenings for three days. Multilevel models with a random intercept at the individual level explored the relationship between air pollution exposure (averaged over the day) and change in resting BP from morning to evening. We also used the quantile G-computation method to estimate the joint effect of the mixture of targeted air pollutants on resting BP. Sensitivity analyses examined the associations between air pollution exposure averaged at different temporal scales before evening BP measurements and the outcome. A quantile increase in the mixture of air pollutants (PM_2.5, NO₂, NO, CO, and O₃) over the day did not affect changes in systolic BP [−0.33 mmHg (95% CI: −3.31, 2.65)] and diastolic BP [−0.53 mmHg (95% CI: −2.66, 1.60)] from morning to evening. When shorter time exposure windows were considered (from a few minutes to a few hours), both NO and the mixture showed positive associations with the morning-to-evening DBP change in only some of the models. Future studies with sufficient repeated BP measurements for more participants should test the association at varying temporal scales (minutes to days) to better understand how air pollution exposure influences resting BP. Full article

In the period between 2021 and 2022 immediately following the COVID-19 lockdowns, there were 37 professional or academic productions of The Tempest in the United States. The play was by far the most produced of Shakespeare’s works in this timespan, and those 37 productions represent a 280% increase compared to 2019, in which there were 13 such productions. Considering The Tempest’s hyper-popularity within the context of the Black Lives Matter Movement and the birth of We See You White American Theatre’s calls for reform in 2020, this paper seeks to understand anew the way in which Shakespeare constructs blackness in the play. Indeed for all of its beauty and magic, The Tempest stages a violent anti-blackness in its treatment of Caliban. In particular, I argue an unexplored connection between The Tempest and Ben Jonson’s 1605 court masque, The Masque of Blackness, itself an exploration of the construction of race for a particular early modern audience. My exploration here began as a partial answer to a question posed by Robin Alfriend Kello: “how do you balance [an] attraction to the richness of Shakespearian verse against these layered histories of racial violence and exclusion?” A deeper understanding of Shakespeare’s version of blackness may grant insights into areas of intervention for those theaters reaching for The Tempest amidst national calls for anti-racist theatrical work. Full article

The influence of bakery waste (BAWA) in the diet of black goat kids on nutrient intake, health, growth potential, and carcass features was assessed. Three treatment diets, consisting of 0 BAWA (CON), 50 g/kg BAWA (BAWA50), and 100 BAWA (BAWA100) of dietary dry matter (DM), were administered to 27 male kids (initial body weight = 17.43 ± kg; age = 105 ± 3.5 days) at random (9/treatment). Bakery waste was included in diets BAWA50 and BAWA100, replacing some of the barley grain. The study lasted for 70 days (7 days used for adaptation and 63 days used for data collection). Kids in the BAWA100 group consumed considerably more (p < 0.01) DM, crude protein (CP), and metabolizable energy than those in the BAWA50 and CON groups. However, intakes of neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), and ether extract (EE) were similar (p ≥ 0.08) among the treatment diets. The kids’ initial and final body weights, total growth, and average daily weight were not substantially impacted (p ≥ 0.13) by the addition of BAWA. All diets had similar feed efficiency when it came to converting feed into body weight increases (p ≥ 0.11). Nevertheless, the BAWA diet yielded a considerably lower cost gain (p = 0.04) than the CON diet. The three treatment groups had no differences (p ≥ 0.15) in DM, ADF, NDF, and EE digestibility. However, compared to the CON group, the digestibility of CP tended to improve (p = 0.07) in the BAWA100 and BAWA50 groups. The three experimental groups’ nitrogen (N) intakes did not differ significantly from one another (p > 0.33). Additionally, the three diets’ N retention percentage and grams/d were equivalent (p > 0.33). Several carcass metrics, such as dressing percentage, hot and cold carcass weights, fasting live weight, and non-carcass components, were not significantly affected (p > 0.23) by the addition of BAWA. Additionally, no differences in carcass cut weights were found. The inclusion of BAWA100 and BAWA50 increased loin cut weight (p = 0.043) and total lean muscle weight (p = 0.001) compared to the CON group. Other components, such as intermuscular fat, subcutaneous fat, total fat, total bone, meat-to-bone ratio, and meat-to-fat ratio, were similar among the three diet groups. Concerning carcass linear dimension measurements, only rib fat depth was greater (p = 0.008) in kids fed the BAWA100 diet compared to the BAWA50 and CON diets. No significant variation was observed among the treatments concerning various physicochemical properties of the longissimus dorsi muscle in the black goat kids. All measured serum metabolites and hematological parameters were not affected by the incorporation of BAWA into the diet. In summary, the inclusion of 50 and 100 g/kg BAWA in the diet had comparable effects on the black goat kids’ feed intake, digestibility, growth performance, carcass characteristics, meat quality, and overall health. Importantly, feed costs can be reduced by using up to 100 g/kg of BAWA on a DM basis. Full article

This study aimed to examine the effects of supplementing a basal diet with resveratrol and black soldier fly (Hermetiaillucens) larvae meal on Manchurian Golden quail egg production and quality as well as consumer attitudes towards the quail eggs and their acceptability. Quail were allotted three treatments for a laying period of 3 months. The dietary treatment groups were those of a basal diet, a basal diet with 250 mg/kg resveratrol pliusACE, and a diet supplemented with 10% black soldier fly larvae meal (BSF). The BSF larvae meal supplement increased the live weight of the quail, but the differences in the mean egg production and egg external parameters between the experimental groups were insignificant. The egg yolk from the quail fed with resveratrol and BSF supplementation demonstrated lower (p < 0.001 and p < 0.01) pH compared with the quail fed a basal diet. Egg yolk colour showed lower (p < 0.05) lightness and lower (p < 0.01) yellowness and colour saturation in the group of quail fed with resveratrol supplement compared with BSF supplement. Resveratrol inclusion in the basal diet resulted in increased (p < 0.001) protein content in the yolk. BSF inclusion in the diet showed the effect by increasing (p < 0.001) dry matter in albumen. The total monounsaturated fatty acids, polyunsaturated fatty acids, and cholesterol content were not affected by the dietary treatment. The inclusion of BSF larvae meal in the diet increased the proportion of total saturated fatty acids and lowered the proportion of total trans fatty acids in yolk lipids and demonstrated less favourable ratios of fatty acids and nutritional indices, except for the peroxidisability index, and showed higher oxidative status (p < 0.05), flavour score, and overall egg acceptance compared with the quail fed on a basal diet. Full article

(1) Background: Since the death of George Floyd, the social movement Black Lives Matter continues to dominate the American political psyche, not only advancing a public dialogue but also escalating the polarization of supported solutions for policing and systemic discrimination. (2) Methods: Using a qualitative context analysis approach, we assessed over 350 sources related to social justice literature and policy-relevant documents to identify key policy solutions supported by the American Black Lives Matter movement compared to the Blue Lives Matter movement. We applied Fearon’s bargaining range of war model to analyze the extent to which the policy recommendations of these two opposing movements may overlap. The purpose was to identify and categorize agreement alternatives across various sectors. This research presents top policy solutions, assessing their bargaining ranges. (3) Results: 32 of the 36 top policy reform alternatives at the national level have sufficient bargaining ranges. This analysis indicates the importance of supporting various sectors like mental health/psychosocial policies and programs, which can (1) serve as a focal point of agreement between contending movements, and (2) decrease racial injustice through strategic bargaining. (4) Conclusions: In a divisively political landscape, it is crucial to identify starting points for negotiation among contending actors. Identifying bargaining opportunities can help seed a dialogue that may benefit all parties involved. Full article

Disadvantaged groups often face negative portrayals in the media, particularly in news outlets. These portrayals lead to misrepresentation, misunderstanding, and perpetuation of harmful stereotypes. Adding insult to injury, issues important to these groups, such as discrimination, are often reported with bias. Furthermore, media outlets present discrimination discourse differently, evolving from general to specific issues over time. Television news, a primary information source for 76% of Flemish households significantly shapes public perceptions. Therefore, examining television news portrayal of discrimination is crucial, as it can either reinforce or challenge existing prejudices. This longitudinal study analyzes Flemish television news coverage of discrimination (N = 252) from 2017 to 2021, comparing the public broadcaster VRT with its commercial counterpart VTM. Racial discrimination was the most frequently reported issue, influenced by global movements like Black Lives Matter (BLM). There was an increase in coverage of sexuality-related discrimination in 2021, reflecting heightened media focus on LGBTQ+ issues and activism. The portrayal of discrimination varied, with direct discrimination most frequently reported. While VRT and VTM differed significantly in coverage duration and focus, overall coverage of discrimination topics showed no major disparities. This study emphasizes the need to address intersectionality and systemic issues in media coverage to reflect societal diversity accurately. Full article