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Authors = Woobin Kang

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18 pages, 4133 KiB  
Article
Prevalence, Diversity and UV-Light Inducibility Potential of Prophages in Bacillus subtilis and Their Possible Roles in Host Properties
by Haftom Baraki Abraha, Youbin Choi, Woobin Hyun, Jae-Won Lee, Hai Seong Kang, Min Seo So, Donghyun Shin, Jong-Hyun Jung, Desta Berhe Sbhatu and Kwang-Pyo Kim
Viruses 2022, 14(3), 483; https://doi.org/10.3390/v14030483 - 26 Feb 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2961
Abstract
Bacillus subtilis is an important bacterial species due to its various industrial, medicinal, and agricultural applications. Prophages are known to play vital roles in host properties. Nevertheless, studies on the prophages and temperate phages of B. subtilis are relatively limited. In the present [...] Read more.
Bacillus subtilis is an important bacterial species due to its various industrial, medicinal, and agricultural applications. Prophages are known to play vital roles in host properties. Nevertheless, studies on the prophages and temperate phages of B. subtilis are relatively limited. In the present study, an in silico analysis was carried out in sequenced B. subtilis strains to investigate their prevalence, diversity, insertion sites, and potential roles. In addition, the potential for UV induction and prevalence was investigated. The in silico prophage analysis of 164 genomes of B. subtilis strains revealed that 75.00% of them contained intact prophages that exist as integrated and/or plasmid forms. Comparative genomics revealed the rich diversity of the prophages distributed in 13 main clusters and four distinct singletons. The analysis of the putative prophage proteins indicated the involvement of prophages in encoding the proteins linked to the immunity, bacteriocin production, sporulation, arsenate, and arsenite resistance of the host, enhancing its adaptability to diverse environments. An induction study in 91 B. subtilis collections demonstrated that UV-light treatment was instrumental in producing infective phages in 18.68% of them, showing a wide range of host specificity. The high prevalence and inducibility potential of the prophages observed in this study implies that prophages may play vital roles in the B. subtilis host. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Bacterial Viruses)
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10 pages, 1153 KiB  
Review
Coffee Intake and Obesity: A Meta-Analysis
by Ariel Lee, Woobin Lim, Seoyeon Kim, Hayeong Khil, Eugene Cheon, Soobin An, SungEun Hong, Dong Hoon Lee, Seok-Seong Kang, Hannah Oh, NaNa Keum and Chung-Cheng Hsieh
Nutrients 2019, 11(6), 1274; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11061274 - 5 Jun 2019
Cited by 70 | Viewed by 22820
Abstract
Many studies have explored the relationship between coffee—one of the most commonly consumed beverages today—and obesity. Despite inconsistent results, the relationship has not been systematically summarized. Thus, we conducted a meta-analysis by compiling data from 12 epidemiologic studies identified from PubMed and Embase [...] Read more.
Many studies have explored the relationship between coffee—one of the most commonly consumed beverages today—and obesity. Despite inconsistent results, the relationship has not been systematically summarized. Thus, we conducted a meta-analysis by compiling data from 12 epidemiologic studies identified from PubMed and Embase through February 2019. The included studies assessed obesity by body mass index (BMI, a measure of overall adiposity) or waist circumference (WC, a measure of central adiposity); analyzed the measure as a continuous outcome or binary outcome. Using random effects model, weighted mean difference (WMD) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were obtained for continuous outcomes; summary relative risk (RR) and 95% CI for the highest vs. lowest categories of coffee intake were estimated for binary outcome. For BMI, WMD was −0.08 (95% CI −0.14, −0.02); RR was 1.49 (95% CI 0.97, 2.29). For WC, WMD was −0.27 (95% CI −0.51, −0.02) and RR was 1.07 (95% CI 0.84, 1.36). In subgroup analysis by sex, evidence for an inverse association was more evident in men, specifically for continuous outcome, with WMD −0.05 (95% CI −0.09, −0.02) for BMI and −0.21 (95% CI −0.35, −0.08) for WC. Our meta-analysis suggests that higher coffee intake might be modestly associated with reduced adiposity, particularly in men. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Targeted Nutrition in Chronic Disease)
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15 pages, 3983 KiB  
Article
Economic Analysis of Flat-Plate and U-Tube Solar Collectors Using an Al2O3 Nanofluid
by Woobin Kang, Yunchan Shin and Honghyun Cho
Energies 2017, 10(11), 1911; https://doi.org/10.3390/en10111911 - 20 Nov 2017
Cited by 55 | Viewed by 7463
Abstract
In this study, the efficiencies of flat-plate and U-tube solar collectors were investigated experimentally when an Al2O3 nanofluid was used as a working fluid and compared to those of solar collectors using water. The energy savings and CO2 and [...] Read more.
In this study, the efficiencies of flat-plate and U-tube solar collectors were investigated experimentally when an Al2O3 nanofluid was used as a working fluid and compared to those of solar collectors using water. The energy savings and CO2 and SO2 generated were calculated and compared to those of solar collectors using water. In addition, based on the experimental results, an economic analysis of the use of solar collectors in various countries was performed. As the concentration of the Al2O3 nanofluid increased, the performance of the solar collector improved. The highest efficiency for the solar collectors was shown at the concentration of 1.0 vol % with the nanoparticle size of 20 nm. The maximum efficiencies of the flat-plate and U-tube solar collectors using a 1.0 vol %-Al2O3 nanofluid with 20-nm nanoparticles was 74.9% and 72.4%, respectively, when the heat loss parameter was zero. The efficiencies of the flat-plate and U-tube solar collectors using Al2O3 nanofluid were 14.8% and 10.7% higher, respectively, than those using water. When 50 EA (each) flat-plate solar collectors were operated for one year using an Al2O3 nanofluid, the coal use, generated CO2, and generated SO2 were 189.99 kg, 556.69 kg, and 2.03 kg less than those of solar collectors using water, respectively. In addition, the largest electricity cost reduction was in Germany. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section D: Energy Storage and Application)
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9 pages, 1566 KiB  
Article
Determination of Insulator-to-Semiconductor Transition in Sol-Gel Oxide Semiconductors Using Derivative Spectroscopy
by Woobin Lee, Seungbeom Choi, Kyung Tae Kim, Jingu Kang, Sung Kyu Park and Yong-Hoon Kim
Materials 2016, 9(1), 6; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma9010006 - 23 Dec 2015
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 6072
Abstract
We report a derivative spectroscopic method for determining insulator-to-semiconductor transition during sol-gel metal-oxide semiconductor formation. When an as-spun sol-gel precursor film is photochemically activated and changes to semiconducting state, the light absorption characteristics of the metal-oxide film is considerable changed particularly in the [...] Read more.
We report a derivative spectroscopic method for determining insulator-to-semiconductor transition during sol-gel metal-oxide semiconductor formation. When an as-spun sol-gel precursor film is photochemically activated and changes to semiconducting state, the light absorption characteristics of the metal-oxide film is considerable changed particularly in the ultraviolet region. As a result, a peak is generated in the first-order derivatives of light absorption (A′) vs. wavelength (λ) plots, and by tracing the peak center shift and peak intensity, transition from insulating-to-semiconducting state of the film can be monitored. The peak generation and peak center shift are described based on photon-energy-dependent absorption coefficient of metal-oxide films. We discuss detailed analysis method for metal-oxide semiconductor films and its application in thin-film transistor fabrication. We believe this derivative spectroscopy based determination can be beneficial for a non-destructive and a rapid monitoring of the insulator-to-semiconductor transition in sol-gel oxide semiconductor formation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Advanced Materials Characterization)
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