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16 pages, 2919 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Efficiency Optimization of LCL-Resonant Wireless Power Transfer Systems via Bidirectional Electromagnetic–Thermal Coupling Field Dynamics

by Yao Yuan, Yuan La, Sicheng Shen, Yihui Zhao, Jianchao Li and Fanghui Yin

Energies 2024, 17(17), 4507; https://doi.org/10.3390/en17174507 - 8 Sep 2024

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1825

Abstract

This paper delved into the thermal dynamics and stability of Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) systems, with a focus on the temperature effects on the coil structure. Using the Finite Element Method (FEM), this study investigated both unidirectional and bidirectional coupling field simulations, assessing [...] Read more.

This paper delved into the thermal dynamics and stability of Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) systems, with a focus on the temperature effects on the coil structure. Using the Finite Element Method (FEM), this study investigated both unidirectional and bidirectional coupling field simulations, assessing their impacts on the transmission efficiency of LCL-resonant WPT systems. The boundary conditions and processes of the electromagnetic–thermal coupling field related to coil loss were analyzed, as well as the dynamic thermal balance in the bidirectional coupling field model. It was found that there is a significant temperature variation across the coil, with the highest temperatures at the central position and the lowest at the edges. This temperature rise notably changed the electrical parameters of the system, leading to variations in its operating state and a reduction in transmission efficiency. A constant coil voltage control strategy was more effective in mitigating the temperature rise compared to a constant coil current strategy, providing valuable insight for enhancing the efficiency and stability of WPT systems. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section F1: Electrical Power System)

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9 pages, 3271 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Theoretical Study of Molybdenum Separation from Molybdate Assisted by a Terahertz Laser

by Haoxin Ren, Yining Li, Yi Yin, Sicheng Liu, Jingqi Zhang, Jingyu Zhang, Peilin Li, Zhe Wang and Peng Zhang

Molecules 2024, 29(14), 3348; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules29143348 - 17 Jul 2024

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1428

Abstract

Molybdenum (Mo) is a rare and important element extensively utilised in aerospace, radar communications, optoelectronic devices, and the military. This study proposes an environmentally friendly physical method based on photon–phonon resonance absorption for the separation of Mo from sodium molybdate (Na₂MoO [...] Read more.

Molybdenum (Mo) is a rare and important element extensively utilised in aerospace, radar communications, optoelectronic devices, and the military. This study proposes an environmentally friendly physical method based on photon–phonon resonance absorption for the separation of Mo from sodium molybdate (Na₂MoO₄). We examined the vibrational spectrum of Na₂MoO₄ using the CASTEP code, employing first-principles density functional theory. Through dynamic process analysis, we analysed the vibrational modes and assigned peaks corresponding to experimental infrared (IR) and Raman data. We focused on the vibrational modes associated with Mo and identified that the highest-intensity IR-active peak at 858 cm⁻¹ corresponded to Mo–O bond asymmetric stretching. Therefore, we propose the use of a high-power terahertz laser at ~25 THz to facilitate the separation of Mo from Na₂MoO₄. Experimental investigations are expected in the future. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Theoretical Understanding of Nanomaterial Systems through Computer Simulations)

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7 pages, 1497 KiB

Open AccessCommunication

Theoretical Prediction of the Anti-Icing Activity of Two-Dimensional Ice I

by Sicheng Liu, Xiaoyan Liu, Yining Li, Qing Guo, Xiangting Yu, Yi Yin, Haoze Jing and Peng Zhang

Molecules 2023, 28(16), 6145; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28166145 - 20 Aug 2023

Viewed by 1465

Abstract

Two-dimensional (2D) ice I is atomic-level ice that is composed of two interlocked atomic layers saturated with hydrogen bonds. It has recently been experimentally observed, but its properties have yet to be clarified. Accordingly, we theoretically studied the hydrophobic properties of 2D ice [...] Read more.

Two-dimensional (2D) ice I is atomic-level ice that is composed of two interlocked atomic layers saturated with hydrogen bonds. It has recently been experimentally observed, but its properties have yet to be clarified. Accordingly, we theoretically studied the hydrophobic properties of 2D ice I. On the contrary, a simulation of a hydrogen fluoride molecule on a 2D ice surface manifested that it destroyed the 2D ice structure and connected new hydrogen bonds with water molecules. Investigations of the interfacial effect between 2D and three-dimensional (3D) ice films indicated that the network structure of 2D ice was not destroyed by a 3D ice surface, as the former was saturated with hydrogen bonds. However, the surface of 3D ice reorganized to form as many hydrogen bonds as possible. Thus, the 2D ice film was hydrophobic and inhibited the growth of 3D ice. This shows that if 2D ice can be produced on an industrial scale, it can be used as an anti-3D-icing agent under low temperatures. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Density Functional Theory (DFT) Calculation)

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15 pages, 5023 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Magnetically Grafted Carbon Nanotubes Synthesis and Its Oriented Nanochannels Construction in the Poly(Vinylidene Fluoride) (PVDF) Ultrafiltration Membranes

by Xiangyuan Song, Wenzhong Ma, Peisen Peng, Sicheng Yin, Binghao Ma, Haicun Yang, Fanghong Gong and Chunlin Liu

Separations 2023, 10(4), 249; https://doi.org/10.3390/separations10040249 - 11 Apr 2023

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1862

Abstract

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) with hollow nanochannels have attracted much attention in preparing high-performance water treatment membranes. In this paper, the grafting polymer chains, including alkynyl terminated poly(methyl methacrylate) methacrylate (PMMA) single chain and PMMA-b-poly (ethylene glycol) methacrylate [P(PEGMA)] diblock molecular chains, were synthesized [...] Read more.

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) with hollow nanochannels have attracted much attention in preparing high-performance water treatment membranes. In this paper, the grafting polymer chains, including alkynyl terminated poly(methyl methacrylate) methacrylate (PMMA) single chain and PMMA-b-poly (ethylene glycol) methacrylate [P(PEGMA)] diblock molecular chains, were synthesized by reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization. A UV-induced click reaction was used to graft different linear polymers onto the surface of magnetic thiol-functionalized carbon nanotubes (mCNTs-SH). The poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) composite ultrafiltration membrane within the oriented nanochannels was prepared using phase inversion and magnetic field orientation. TEM and XRD results confirmed that the magnetic carbon nanotubes grafted with a diblock molecular chain had good nano-dispersion and orientation array effects in PVDF composite ultrafiltration membrane. The water contact angle of the array mCNT-g-diblock molecular chain-based composite membrane was 48.5°, significantly enhancing the PEGMA chain segments. The composite membrane with CTNs’ nanochannels attained a higher water flux. As the diblock molecular chain grafted mCNTs oriented in the membrane, the water flux reached 17.6 LMH (five times greater than the pure PVDF membrane), while the molecular weight cut-off (MWCO) for PEG1400 rejection could reach higher than 80%. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Materials in Separation Science)

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15 pages, 2690 KiB

Open AccessArticle

DABCO-Catalyzed Mono-/Diallylation of N-Unsubstituted Isatin N,N′-Cyclic Azomethine Imine 1,3-Dipoles with Morita-Baylis-Hillman Carbonates

by Qiumi Wang, Sicheng Li, Guosheng Yang, Xinyu Zou, Xi Yin, Juhua Feng, Huabao Chen, Chunping Yang, Li Zhang, Cuifen Lu and Guizhou Yue

Molecules 2023, 28(7), 3002; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28073002 - 28 Mar 2023

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2375

Abstract

Allylation of N-unsubstituted isatin N,N′-cyclic azomethine imines with Morita-Baylis-Hillman carbonates in the presence of 1–10 mol% DABCO in DCM at room temperature, rapidly gave N-allylated and N, β-diallylated isatin N,N′-cyclic azomethine imine 1,3-dipoles [...] Read more.

Allylation of N-unsubstituted isatin N,N′-cyclic azomethine imines with Morita-Baylis-Hillman carbonates in the presence of 1–10 mol% DABCO in DCM at room temperature, rapidly gave N-allylated and N, β-diallylated isatin N,N′-cyclic azomethine imine 1,3-dipoles in moderate to high yields. The reaction features mild reaction conditions, easily practical operation, and short reaction times in most cases. Furthermore, the alkylated products were transformed into novel bicyclic spiropyrrolidine oxoindole derivatives through the [3+2] or [3+3]-cycloaddition with maleimides or Knoevenagel adducts. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Chemistry of Nitrogen Heterocyclic Compounds)

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25 pages, 8634 KiB

Open AccessArticle

K₂CO₃-Promoted Formal [3+3]-Cycloaddition of N-Unsubstituted Isatin N,N′-Cyclic Azomethine Imine 1,3-Dipoles with Knoevenagel Adducts

by Guosheng Yang, Sicheng Li, Qiumi Wang, Huabao Chen, Chunping Yang, Zhongqiong Yin, Xu Song, Li Zhang, Cuifen Lu and Guizhou Yue

Molecules 2023, 28(3), 1034; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28031034 - 19 Jan 2023

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2379

Abstract

The synthesis of dicyclic spiropyridazine oxoindole derivatives by using [3+3]-cycloaddition of N-unsubstituted isatin N,N′-cyclic azomethine imine 1,3-dipoles was reported. The products bearing two consecutive stereocenters, including spiroquaternary stereocenters in one ring structure, can be effectively obtained in moderate to [...] Read more.

The synthesis of dicyclic spiropyridazine oxoindole derivatives by using [3+3]-cycloaddition of N-unsubstituted isatin N,N′-cyclic azomethine imine 1,3-dipoles was reported. The products bearing two consecutive stereocenters, including spiroquaternary stereocenters in one ring structure, can be effectively obtained in moderate to excellent yields (20–93%) and low to moderate diastereoselectivities (1:9–10:1 dr). The synthesized compounds (>35 examples) were characterized by single-crystal XRD, FTIR, NMR, and mass spectral analysis. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Chemistry of Nitrogen Heterocyclic Compounds)

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10 pages, 9058 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Effect of the Pulsed Addition of Phosphorous on the Growth and Toxin Production of the Bloom-Forming Cyanobacterium Chrysosporum ovalisporum (Forti) Zapomelová et al.

by Sicheng Yin, Ruohan Huang, Ni Wang, Changxing Li, Erik Jeppesen, Liqing Wang and Wei Zhang

Water 2023, 15(2), 351; https://doi.org/10.3390/w15020351 - 14 Jan 2023

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2243

Abstract

Eutrophication and global warming boost the outbreak of cyanobacterial blooms and the spread of invasive cyanobacterial species such as Chrysosporum ovalisporum. Different from the often steady-state conditions under laboratory cultivation, the external input of nutrients in natural water is often intermittent and [...] Read more.

Eutrophication and global warming boost the outbreak of cyanobacterial blooms and the spread of invasive cyanobacterial species such as Chrysosporum ovalisporum. Different from the often steady-state conditions under laboratory cultivation, the external input of nutrients in natural water is often intermittent and pulsed, which may affect the response of cyanobacteria. In this study, we cultured C. ovalisporum under two phosphorus treatment patterns: a one-time treatment and a five-time pulsed treatment with the same total dosing. Our results showed that phosphorus deficiency in the water inhibits the growth of C. ovalisporum, thereby significantly reducing its biomass and photosynthetic activity (p < 0.05). In addition, phosphorus deficiency led C. ovalisporum to secrete more exopolysaccharides and alkaline phosphatase. Compared with the one-time treatment, the multiple pulses promoted the absorption of phosphorus by C. ovalisporum and inhibited the synthesis of alkaline phosphatase but had no significant effect on the release of cylindrospermopsin (CYN). We also found that multiple pulses had a more significant growth-promoting effect on C. ovalisporum under low phosphorus concentrations. Our results indicated the overall strong adaptability of C. ovalisporum to dynamic changes in phosphate levels in the water column and provide new insight into the outbreak and dispersal strategies of C. ovalisporum. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Biodiversity and Functionality of Aquatic Ecosystems)

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23 pages, 7882 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Syntheses of 3,3-Disubstituted Dihydrobenzofurans, Indolines, Indolinones and Isochromanes by Palladium-Catalyzed Tandem Reaction Using Pd(PPh₃)₂Cl₂/(±)-BINAP as a Catalytic System

by Guizhou Yue, Sicheng Li, Dan Jiang, Gang Ding, Juhua Feng, Huabao Chen, Chunping Yang, Zhongqiong Yin, Xu Song, Xiaoxia Liang, Li Zhang, Xianxiang Wang and Cuifen Lu

Catalysts 2020, 10(9), 1084; https://doi.org/10.3390/catal10091084 - 18 Sep 2020

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 3615

Abstract

A general procedure for the tandem arylation reaction of arylbromide with heteroaryl compounds was developed by using Pd(PPh₃)₂Cl₂/(±)-BINAP (1,1′-Binaphthalene-2,2′-diylbis (diphenylphosphane)) as catalytic system. Both sulphur- and oxygen-containing heterocycles were also employed as an efficient reagent for arylation, [...] Read more.

A general procedure for the tandem arylation reaction of arylbromide with heteroaryl compounds was developed by using Pd(PPh₃)₂Cl₂/(±)-BINAP (1,1′-Binaphthalene-2,2′-diylbis (diphenylphosphane)) as catalytic system. Both sulphur- and oxygen-containing heterocycles were also employed as an efficient reagent for arylation, which gave moderate to excellent yields with moderate to good regioselectivities (5:1 to > 20:1 ir (isomer ratio)). Except for dihydrobenzofurans, indolines and indolinones, this type of tandem reaction was also expanded to synthesize isochromanes. The synthesized new compounds were well characterized through different spectroscopic techniques, such as ¹H and ¹³C NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance), and mass spectral analysis. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Transition-Metal Catalysts for C–H Bond Functionalization of Heteroarenes)

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14 pages, 3225 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Water Quality and Microbial Community Changes in an Urban River after Micro-Nano Bubble Technology in Situ Treatment

by Yifei Wu, Hui Lin, Weizhao Yin, Sicheng Shao, Sihao Lv and Yongyou Hu

Water 2019, 11(1), 66; https://doi.org/10.3390/w11010066 - 2 Jan 2019

Cited by 54 | Viewed by 7516

Abstract

Currently, black-odor river has received great attention in China. In this study, the micro-nano bubble technology (MBT) was used to mitigate the water pollution rapidly and continuously by increasing the concentration of dissolved oxygen (DO) in water. During treatment, the concentration of DO [...] Read more.

Currently, black-odor river has received great attention in China. In this study, the micro-nano bubble technology (MBT) was used to mitigate the water pollution rapidly and continuously by increasing the concentration of dissolved oxygen (DO) in water. During treatment, the concentration of DO increased from 0.60 mg/L to over 5.00 mg/L, and the oxidation reduction potential (ORP) also changed from a negative value to over 100.00 mV after only five days aeration. High throughput pyrosequencing technology was employed to identify the microbial community structure. At genus level, the dominant bacteria were anaerobic and nutrient-loving microbes (e.g., Arcobacter sp., Azonexus sp., and Citrobacter sp.) before, and the relative abundances of aerobic and functional microbes (e.g., Perlucidibaca sp., Pseudarcicella sp., Rhodoluna sp., and Sediminibacterium sp.) were increased after treatment. Meanwhile, the water quality was significantly improved with about 50% removal ratios of chemical oxygen demand (COD_Cr) and ammonia nitrogen (NH₄⁺-N). Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) results showed that microbial community structure shaped by COD, DO, NH₄⁺-N, and TP, CCA1 and CCA2 explained 41.94% and 24.56% of total variances, respectively. Overall, the MBT could improve the water quality of urban black-odor river by raising the DO and activate the aerobic microbes. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Urban Water Management)

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