Vaccines and Antiviral Drugs Against Viral Diseases in Domestic Animals

A special issue of Viruses (ISSN 1999-4915). This special issue belongs to the section "Viral Immunology, Vaccines, and Antivirals".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 July 2026 | Viewed by 2267

Special Issue Editor

State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
Interests: immune evasion mechanisms of major domestic animal viruses; particularly PRRSV (porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus) and FMDV (foot-and-mouth disease virus); as well as the development of marker vaccines, antiviral drugs and diagnostic methods for these pathogens

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Viral diseases in domestic animals pose significant threats to global livestock health, agricultural productivity, and food security. The development and application of vaccines and antiviral drugs represent pivotal strategies in preventing and controlling these infections. While vaccines provide long-term immunity and reduce disease transmission, antiviral therapies offer critical tools for managing acute outbreaks and mitigating economic losses. However, challenges such as viral evolution, host–pathogen interactions, and the need for cost-effective solutions in diverse livestock systems demand continuous innovation. This Special Issue will highlight advances in vaccine technologies, the discovery of antiviral drugs, and their synergistic applications against viral pathogens affecting domestic animals.

We invite submissions of original research articles, reviews, and perspectives addressing (but not limited to) the following topics:

  • Novel vaccine platforms (e.g., mRNA, viral vectors, and subunit vaccines) for livestock viruses;
  • Antiviral drug development targeting viral entry, replication, or host immune modulation;
  • Combination strategies integrating vaccines and antivirals for enhanced disease control;
  • Immune correlates of protection and cross-species immunity in livestock vaccination;
  • Diagnostic tools to evaluate vaccine efficacy and antiviral drug resistance;
  • One Health approaches linking animal and human viral disease prevention;
  • Field applications of vaccines and antivirals in endemic or emerging outbreaks;
  • Viral evasion mechanisms and strategies to overcome them;
  • Next-generation technologies (e.g., CRISPR, AI-driven drug design, and nanotechnology) in veterinary virology.

This Special Issue will foster interdisciplinary collaboration among virologists, immunologists, pharmacologists, and veterinary scientists. Contributions including both fundamental research and translational applications are highly encouraged.

Dr. Jing Zhang
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • vaccines
  • antiviral drugs
  • domestic animals
  • virus

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

11 pages, 5428 KB  
Article
Evaluation of the Pathogenicity of Highly Virulent Eurasian Genotype II African Swine Fever Virus with MGF505-2R Gene Deletion in Piglets
by Fan Xu, Huaguo Huang, Wen Dang, Yu Du, Tao Li, Huanan Liu, Zhengwang Shi, Hong Tian, Jijun He and Haixue Zheng
Viruses 2025, 17(12), 1565; https://doi.org/10.3390/v17121565 - 29 Nov 2025
Viewed by 625
Abstract
African swine fever virus (ASFV) poses a significant threat to the global pig industry due to high mortality rates and complex genetic variation. Live attenuated vaccines (LAVs) provide protection against ASFV. Previously, MGF505-2R was identified as a potent inhibitor of innate immunity in [...] Read more.
African swine fever virus (ASFV) poses a significant threat to the global pig industry due to high mortality rates and complex genetic variation. Live attenuated vaccines (LAVs) provide protection against ASFV. Previously, MGF505-2R was identified as a potent inhibitor of innate immunity in vitro. This study evaluates the pathogenicity of a recombinant Eurasian genotype II strain with the MGF505-2R gene deleted (ASFV-ΔMGF505-2R) in piglets. Twelve five-week-old crossbred piglets were divided into two groups, with one group of eight piglets inoculated with ASFV-ΔMGF505-2R (n = 8) and the other group of four piglets inoculated with the same dose of parental ASFV CN/GS 2018 (n = 4). Clinical symptoms, viral loads, and immune responses were monitored over 30 days. ASFV-ΔMGF505-2R-inoculated piglets exhibited transient fever and low viremia only in the beginning of the challenge, while the control group developed high levels of viremia and hyperthermia at day 2 and 8 post-challenge, respectively. Meanwhile, the control group demonstrated more severe post-mortem signs and immuno-histochemistry injury when compared to the ΔMGF505-2R group. ELISA analysis displayed higher levels of IFN-β and IL-1β in the ΔMGF505-2R group, further solidating the immunosuppressive role of MGF505-2R. All ASFV-ΔMGF505-2R-inoculated piglets developed high titers of ASFV-specific P30 antibodies at 10 days post-challenge. These findings rationalized the potential of ASFV-ΔMGF505-2R as a live attenuated candidate for ASF infection. Full article
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14 pages, 2139 KB  
Article
Phospholipase PLA2G16 Accelerates the Host Interferon Signaling Pathway Response to FMDV
by Bingjie Sun, Xiaodong Qin, Taoqing Zhang, Sujie Dong, Yinbo Ye, Changying Wang, Yan Zhang, Rongzeng Hao, Yi Ru, Hong Tian and Haixue Zheng
Viruses 2025, 17(7), 883; https://doi.org/10.3390/v17070883 - 23 Jun 2025
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1100
Abstract
PLA2G16 is a member of the phospholipase A2 family that catalyzes the generation of lysophosphatidic acids (LPAs) and free fatty acids (FFAs) from phosphatidic acid. Previously, PLA2G16 was found to be a host factor for picornaviruses. Here, we discovered that the Foot-and-Mouth Disease [...] Read more.
PLA2G16 is a member of the phospholipase A2 family that catalyzes the generation of lysophosphatidic acids (LPAs) and free fatty acids (FFAs) from phosphatidic acid. Previously, PLA2G16 was found to be a host factor for picornaviruses. Here, we discovered that the Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus (FMDV) infection led to an elevation in PLA2G16 transcription. We established PLA2G16 overexpression and knockdown cell lines in PK-15 cells to investigate the potential role of PLA2G16 in FMDV infection. Our findings revealed that during FMDV infection, PLA2G16-overexpressing cells had increased levels of phosphorylated STAT1 and the interferon-stimulating factors ISG15 and ISG56. In PLA2G16-overexpressing cells, p-STAT1 was observed at higher levels and earlier than in wild-type cells. Subsequent research demonstrated that PLA2G16 specifically promoted an antiviral innate immune response against FMDV. The host could detect the early release of FMDV viral nucleic acid in PLA2G16-overexpressing cells and trigger the interferon signaling pathway. Additionally, we discovered that the supernatants of PLA2G16-overexpressing cells stimulated the production of higher levels of ISG56 and phosphorylated STAT1. This suggests that PLA2G16-overexpressing cells can activate the innate immune pathway of uninfected cells after FMDV infection. Full article
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