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Viruses
Special Issues
Antivirals and Vaccines for Enterovirus
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Antivirals and Vaccines for Enterovirus

A special issue of Viruses (ISSN 1999-4915). This special issue belongs to the section "Viral Immunology, Vaccines, and Antivirals".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 July 2022) | Viewed by 3956

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Shih-Min Wang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Pediatrics, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
Interests: enteroviruses infection; antiviral responses; vaccine immunity
Prof. Dr. Tsung-Hsien Chang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
Interests: picornaviruses; antiviral innate immunity; virus–host interaction

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Enteroviruses belong to the genus Enterovirus and family Picornaviridae, including polioviruses, Coxsackie A viruses, Coxsackie B viruses, echoviruses, and other numbered enteroviruses. Enteroviruses are one of the most common viruses infecting children, causing mild diseases such as hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) and herpangina. However, potentially life-threatening complications such as meningoencephalitis, myocarditis, hepatitis, and disseminated intravascular coagulation are of the greatest clinical and public concern. Currently, drug development through various approaches has revealed potential anti-enteroviruses candidates. In addition, some of the available or in-development enterovirus vaccines in certain regions have been brought to light ways to prevent enterovirus disease.

This Special Issue welcomes all types of manuscripts (e.g., reviews, research articles, and short communications) that highlight and advance current understandings of antivirals and vaccines in this significant field. This is a great opportunity to shed light on new strategies for treating and preventing enterovirus infections. 

Prof. Dr. Shih-Min Wang
Prof. Dr. Tsung-Hsien Chang
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Viruses is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • enterovirus
  • picornaviruses
  • antivirals
  • drug development
  • vaccines

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

19 pages, 3171 KiB  
Article
Genetic and Cross Neutralization Analyses of Coxsackievirus A16 Circulating in Taiwan from 1998 to 2021 Suggest Dominant Genotype B1 can Serve as Vaccine Candidate
by Dayna Cheng, Yo-Wei Chiu, Sheng-Wen Huang, Yun-Yin Lien, Chia-Lun Chang, Huey-Pin Tsai, Ya-Fang Wang and Jen-Ren Wang
Viruses 2022, 14(10), 2306; https://doi.org/10.3390/v14102306 - 20 Oct 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1713
Abstract
Coxsackievirus A16 (CVA16) is well known for causing hand-foot-and-mouth disease (HFMD) and outbreaks were frequently reported in Taiwan in the past twenty years. The epidemiology and genetic variations of CVA16 in Taiwan from 1998 to 2021 were analyzed in this study. CVA16 infections [...] Read more.
Coxsackievirus A16 (CVA16) is well known for causing hand-foot-and-mouth disease (HFMD) and outbreaks were frequently reported in Taiwan in the past twenty years. The epidemiology and genetic variations of CVA16 in Taiwan from 1998 to 2021 were analyzed in this study. CVA16 infections usually occurred in early summer and early winter, and showed increased incidence in 1998, 2000–2003, 2005, 2007–2008, and 2010 in Taiwan. Little or no CVA16 was detected from 2017 to 2021. CVA16 infection was prevalent in patients between 1 to 3 years old. A total of 69 isolates were sequenced. Phylogenetic analysis based on the VP1 region showed that CVA16 subgenotype B1 was dominantly isolated in Taiwan from 1998 to 2019, and B2 was identified only from isolates collected in 1999 and 2000. There was a high frequency of synonymous mutations in the amino acid sequences of the VP1 region among CVA16 isolates, with the exception of position 145 which showed positive selection. The recombination analysis of the whole genome of CVA16 isolates indicated that the 5′-untranslated region and the non-structural protein region of CVA16 subgenotype B1 were recombined with Coxsackievirus A4 (CVA4) and enterovirus A71 (EVA71) genotype A, respectively. The recombination pattern of subgenotype B2 was similar to B1, however, the 3D region was similar to EVA71 genotype B. Cross-neutralization among CVA16 showed that mouse antisera from various subgenotypes viruses can cross-neutralize different genotype with high neutralizing antibody titers. These results suggest that the dominant CVA16 genotype B1 can serve as a vaccine candidate for CVA16. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antivirals and Vaccines for Enterovirus)
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14 pages, 2993 KiB  
Article
Human Platelet Lysate Induces Antiviral Responses against Parechovirus A3
by Ming-Wei Jan, Chih-Yun Chiu, Jih-Jung Chen, Tsung-Hsien Chang and Kuen-Jer Tsai
Viruses 2022, 14(7), 1499; https://doi.org/10.3390/v14071499 - 08 Jul 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1637
Abstract
Human platelet lysate (hPL) contains abundant growth factors for inducing human cell proliferation and may be a suitable alternative to fetal bovine serum (FBS) as a culture medium supplement. However, the application of hPL in virological research remains blank. Parechovirus type-A3 (PeV-A3) belongs [...] Read more.
Human platelet lysate (hPL) contains abundant growth factors for inducing human cell proliferation and may be a suitable alternative to fetal bovine serum (FBS) as a culture medium supplement. However, the application of hPL in virological research remains blank. Parechovirus type-A3 (PeV-A3) belongs to Picornaviridae, which causes meningoencephalitis in infants and young children. To understand the suitability of hPL-cultured cells for PeV-A3 infection, the infection of PeV-A3 in both FBS- and hPL-cultured glioblastoma (GBM) cells were compared. Results showed reduced PeV-A3 infection in hPL-cultured cells compared with FBS-maintained cells. Mechanistic analysis revealed hPL stimulating type I interferon (IFN) antiviral pathway, through which phospho-signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1), STAT2, interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) were activated and antiviral genes, such as IFN-α, IFN-β, and Myxovirus resistance protein 1 (MxA), were also detected. In addition, an enhanced PeV-A3 replication was detected in the hPL-cultured GBM cells treated with STAT-1 inhibitor (fludarabine) and STAT1 shRNA. These results in vitro suggested an unexpected effect of hPL-activated type I IFN pathway response to restrict virus replication and that hPL may be a potential antiviral bioreagent. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antivirals and Vaccines for Enterovirus)
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