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Viruses
Special Issues
Surveillance, Transmission Dynamics, and Control of Zoonotic Viruses
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Surveillance, Transmission Dynamics, and Control of Zoonotic Viruses

A special issue of Viruses (ISSN 1999-4915). This special issue belongs to the section "Animal Viruses".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 December 2026 | Viewed by 8864

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Dimitrios A. Chatzidimitriou

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Laboratory of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
Interests: HIV; COVID-19; drugs
Prof. Dr. Anna Papa

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Microbiology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
Interests: arboviruses; laboratory diagnostics; molecular epidemiology; pathogenesis; immune responses; phylogeny
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Ilias Bouzalas

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Hellenic Agricultural Organization-Demeter, Lycovrissi, Greece
Interests: Viral Infectious diseases; livestock; veterinary viruses

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Zoonotic viruses pose a significant threat to global public health. The ongoing impact of zoonotic diseases, including the emergence and re-emergence of pathogens, underscores the critical need to enhance our understanding of their surveillance, transmission dynamics, and control measures.

In this Special Issue, we cordially invite submissions of original research articles, reviews, and perspectives that encompass the following key areas:

  1. Surveillance Strategies: We are particularly interested in innovative methods and technologies for monitoring zoonotic viruses in animal populations and detecting potential spillover events.
  2. Transmission Dynamics: We welcome submissions that explore the factors influencing transmission rates, environmental and ecological aspects, as well as modeling approaches to elucidate the dynamics of virus transmission.
  3. Control and Prevention: This includes but is not limited to studies on vaccination programs, biosecurity measures, public health interventions, and policy recommendations aimed at preventing and controlling zoonotic outbreaks.

By fostering collaboration and knowledge exchange, we aspire to contribute to the global efforts in combating zoonotic diseases and safeguarding public health.

Prof. Dr. Dimitrios A. Chatzidimitriou
Prof. Dr. Anna Papa
Dr. Ilias Bouzalas
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 250 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for assessment.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Viruses is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • zoonosis
  • surveillance
  • epidemiology
  • diagnostics

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Further information on MDPI's Special Issue policies can be found here.

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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19 pages, 1455 KB  
Article
Spatiotemporal and Demographic Patterns of West Nile Neuroinvasive Disease in Vojvodina, Serbia, 2012–2025
by Snežana Medić, Tatjana Pustahija, Aleksandra Patić, Siniša Sević, Mioljub Ristić, Gordana Kovačević, Athanasios Tsakris, Cleo Anastassopoulou and Zagorka Lozanov-Crvenković
Viruses 2026, 18(3), 312; https://doi.org/10.3390/v18030312 - 2 Mar 2026
Viewed by 844
Abstract
West Nile neuroinvasive disease (WNND) causes substantial morbidity in endemic regions, yet data on its burden in Serbia remain limited. We conducted a retrospective, population-based study of WNND cases reported in Vojvodina Province, Serbia, from 2012 to 2025. Incidence and mortality trends were [...] Read more.
West Nile neuroinvasive disease (WNND) causes substantial morbidity in endemic regions, yet data on its burden in Serbia remain limited. We conducted a retrospective, population-based study of WNND cases reported in Vojvodina Province, Serbia, from 2012 to 2025. Incidence and mortality trends were analysed by year, residence, age, sex, and week of symptom onset. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify predictors of fatal outcome. Of 1337 suspected cases, 557 (41.66%) met the WNND case definition (530 confirmed, 27 probable cases) and 98.9% were autochthonous. The mean annual incidence was 2.17/100,000 (95% CI 0.60–3.75), ranging from 0.48/100,000 (2015) to 10.31/100,000 (2018), with additional peaks in 2013 and 2022. Cases clustered predominantly in epidemiological weeks 31–34. The mean mortality was 0.28/100,000 (95% CI 0.02–0.53) and the mean case fatality rate was 12.93% (95% CI 10.14–15.71%). Incidence increased with age, peaking at 5.97/100,000 in those 70–79 years; highest mortality occurred in ≥80 years (1.78/100,000). All districts reported cases, with the highest incidence and mortality in South Banat. Higher Charlson Comorbidity Index, cardiovascular disease, diabetes and malignancy independently predicted fatal outcome. WNND remains a significant public health problem in Vojvodina, requiring improved surveillance, targeted prevention, and early treatment of high-risk patients. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Surveillance, Transmission Dynamics, and Control of Zoonotic Viruses)
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12 pages, 7041 KB  
Article
A Novel Ephemero- and a New CHeRI Orbivirus Isolated from a Dead Farmed White-Tailed Deer (Odocoileus virginianus) in Florida, USA
by Emily DeRuyter, Pedro H. O. Viadanna, Kristen Wilson, Zoe White, Amira Richardson, Merrie Urban, Pacharapong Khrongsee, Thais C. S. Rodrigues, Thomas B. Waltzek, Juan M. Campos Krauer, Samantha M. Wisely, Kuttichantran Subramaniam and John A. Lednicky
Viruses 2025, 17(5), 614; https://doi.org/10.3390/v17050614 - 25 Apr 2025
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2507
Abstract
A novel ephemeral fever rhabdovirus and a CHeRI orbivirus of a previously unidentified genetic lineage were isolated in mosquito cell line C6/36 cells as co-infecting agents from the spleen tissue of a dead farmed white-tailed deer (WTD; Odocoileus virginianus) in Florida. We [...] Read more.
A novel ephemeral fever rhabdovirus and a CHeRI orbivirus of a previously unidentified genetic lineage were isolated in mosquito cell line C6/36 cells as co-infecting agents from the spleen tissue of a dead farmed white-tailed deer (WTD; Odocoileus virginianus) in Florida. We designated the ephemeral fever rhabdovirus as Hardee County ephemerovirus 1, strain CHeRI ephemerovirus 1. The genetic sequences of the CHeRI orbivirus isolated in this work differ significantly from those of three previously described CHeRI orbivirus lineages. We designated this new virus as CHeRI orbivirus 4, strain CHeRI orbivirus 4-1. Whereas it remains unknown whether one, both, or none of the viruses contributed to the pathology, gross observations revealed that the dead WTD had severely congested and hemorrhagic lungs, and that its heart, kidneys, and spleen were also congested. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Surveillance, Transmission Dynamics, and Control of Zoonotic Viruses)
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Review

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17 pages, 745 KB  
Review
Epidemiology and Emerging Trends of Zoonotic Viral Diseases of Pigs in India
by Swaraj Rajkhowa, Joyshikh Sonowal, Seema Rani Pegu, Rajib Deb and Vivek Kumar Gupta
Viruses 2025, 17(3), 381; https://doi.org/10.3390/v17030381 - 6 Mar 2025
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 3734
Abstract
Pigs serve as critical reservoirs and amplifiers for numerous zoonotic viral diseases, presenting substantial public health challenges in India. This study highlights the epidemiology and emerging trends of key zoonotic viruses associated with pigs, emphasizing their role in endemic and emerging disease dynamics. [...] Read more.
Pigs serve as critical reservoirs and amplifiers for numerous zoonotic viral diseases, presenting substantial public health challenges in India. This study highlights the epidemiology and emerging trends of key zoonotic viruses associated with pigs, emphasizing their role in endemic and emerging disease dynamics. Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) persists as a major concern, with pigs acting as amplifying host, while hepatitis E virus (HEV) remains a prominent cause of viral hepatitis, transmitted via contaminated water and pork products. Emerging high-fatality viral zoonoses caused by Nipah virus (NiV) and recurrent threats from swine influenza virus (SIV) demonstrate that the zoonotic landscape is evolving. Furthermore, zoonotic viruses like rotavirus, pseudorabies (ADV or SuHV-1), porcine astrovirus (PAstV), and Torque teno sus virus (TTSuV) reflect the expanding diversity of pig-associated pathogens in India. Emerging evidence also implicates viruses such as Chandipura virus (CHPV) in localized outbreaks, indicating broader zoonotic potential. Novel risks such as swine acute diarrhea syndrome coronavirus (SADS-CoV) and SARS-CoV-2 emphasize the role of pigs as potential intermediaries for pandemic-prone viruses. This comprehensive study evaluates the prevalence, outbreak dynamics, and public health implications of zoonotic viral diseases of pigs in India, providing valuable direction for developing effective control measures. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Surveillance, Transmission Dynamics, and Control of Zoonotic Viruses)
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Other

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10 pages, 816 KB  
Case Report
Characterisation of the First Complete Dengue Genome in Sierra Leone
by Allan K. O. Campbell, Ifeanyi Omah, Andy M. Diouf, Mignane Ndiaye, Julian S. O. Campbell, Edyth Parker, Vidalyn Folorunso, Anu J. Williams, Mattu T. Kroma, Sia Y. Mani, Naomi Daniel-Sesay, Zein Souma, Choe Miller, Roberta Lansana, Amanda M. Kargbo, Fay Chalobah, Mamadou Cisse, Mamadou Malado Jallow, Joseph Charles, Aminata T. Koroma, Joseph Sam Kanu, Abebaw Kebede, Collins Tanui, Sofonias Tessema, Oumar Faye, Gamou Fall, Ndongo Dia, James S. Squire, Mohamed Boie Jalloh, Mohamed Alex Vandi, Zikan Koroma, Abdourahmane Sow, Foday Sahr, Bocar Sow, Doris Harding and Boubacar Dialloadd Show full author list remove Hide full author list
Viruses 2026, 18(3), 298; https://doi.org/10.3390/v18030298 - 28 Feb 2026
Viewed by 940
Abstract
Dengue is the leading mosquito-borne viral cause of human illness and death. More than four billion people globally are at risk of dengue virus (DENV) infection, and most infections are asymptomatic or present with a non-specific febrile illness. We characterise the first complete [...] Read more.
Dengue is the leading mosquito-borne viral cause of human illness and death. More than four billion people globally are at risk of dengue virus (DENV) infection, and most infections are asymptomatic or present with a non-specific febrile illness. We characterise the first complete DENV-2 genome from Sierra Leone, recovered from a febrile adult who tested RT-PCR–positive. The sequence was identified as DENV-2 genotype II, lineage F.1.1. Phylogenetically, the Sierra Leone genome formed a well-supported sister lineage with a 2024 USA DENV-2 genome; both were nested within but clearly diverged from Indian DENV-2 sequences (2021–2022) and were distinct from the Réunion DENV-2 clade. The degree of genetic divergence was incompatible with a recent or direct import of a South Asian lineage and was more consistent with diversification in an under-sampled Indian Ocean/South Asia network or outside this region in Africa. With a single Sierra Leone genome, the source and extent of local transmission remain unresolved. These findings underscore the benefits of integrating differential diagnostics and genomics into routine care for febrile illness and sustaining regional arboviral surveillance. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Surveillance, Transmission Dynamics, and Control of Zoonotic Viruses)
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