Ultralight Bosonic Dark Matter: Theoretical Developments and Experimental Searches

A special issue of Universe (ISSN 2218-1997).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 June 2026 | Viewed by 1977

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
1. Institute of Physics, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
2. Helmholtz Institute Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
3. GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
4. Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-7300, USA
Interests: fundamental physics; magnetometry; dark matter; magnetic resonance

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Guest Editor
1. Helmholtz Institute Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
2. GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
Interests: dark matter; nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy; atomic physics; highly charged ions; atomic spectroscopy

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Guest Editor
Department of Physics and Astronomy, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
Interests: quantum tool development

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Guest Editor
1. Institute of Physics, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
2. Helmholtz Institute Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
3. GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
Interests: dark matter; optics; nonlinear optics; experimental physics; optical physics
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Axions are a leading candidate for ultralight bosonic dark matter and potentially hold the key to understanding CP violation and the universe's baryon asymmetry. Axion physics is a vibrant field, rich in theoretical ideas and experimental approaches, spanning observational cosmology to tabletop searches for exotic spin-dependent forces. This Special Issue compiles reviews and original research contributions in contemporary axion physics, dedicated to Profs. Derek F. Jackson Kimball and Jason E. Stalnaker, pioneers in axion research, on the occasion of their 50th anniversaries.

Prof. Dr. Dmitry Budker
Dr. Hendrik Bekker
Dr. Alexander Sushkov
Dr. Arne Wickenbrock
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • dark matter
  • exotic spin-dependent interactions
  • sensor networks
  • axion quark nuggets
  • Aharonov–Casher effect
  • nuclear spin hyperpolarization

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Review

44 pages, 6786 KB  
Review
Cavity, Lumped Circuit, and Spin-Based Detection of Axion Dark Matter: Differences and Similarities
by Deniz Aybas, Hendrik Bekker, Dmitry Budker, Wei Ji, On Kim, Younggeun Kim, Derek F. Jackson Kimball, Jia Liu, Xiaolin Ma, Chiara P. Salemi, Yannis K. Semertzidis, Alexander O. Sushkov, Kai Wei, Arne Wickenbrock and Yuzhe Zhang
Universe 2026, 12(4), 106; https://doi.org/10.3390/universe12040106 - 3 Apr 2026
Viewed by 1229
Abstract
Axions and axion-like particles are compelling candidates for ultralight bosonic dark matter, forming coherent oscillating fields that can be probed by experiments known as haloscopes. A broad range of haloscope concepts has been developed, including resonant cavity haloscopes, lumped-element circuit detectors, and spin-based [...] Read more.
Axions and axion-like particles are compelling candidates for ultralight bosonic dark matter, forming coherent oscillating fields that can be probed by experiments known as haloscopes. A broad range of haloscope concepts has been developed, including resonant cavity haloscopes, lumped-element circuit detectors, and spin-based experiments, each sensitive to different axion couplings and mass ranges. Rather than attempting an exhaustive survey of all existing approaches, this comparative review provides a unified framework for the major haloscope classes, establishing a common language for the descriptions of signal generation, noise properties, analytical methodologies, and scanning strategies. Key properties of ultralight bosonic dark matter relevant for detection are summarized first, including coherence time, spectral linewidth, and stochasticity under the standard halo model. The discussion then compares cavity, Earth-scale, lumped-element, and spin haloscopes, focusing on expected signal shapes, dominant noise sources, and statistical frameworks for axion searches. Particular emphasis is placed on consistent definitions of signal-to-noise ratio and on how detector bandwidth, axion coherence, and noise characteristics determine optimal scan strategies. By systematically comparing operating principles and performance metrics across these detector families, this framework clarifies shared concepts as well as the essential differences that govern sensitivity in different mass and coupling regimes. The resulting perspective synthesizes current search methodologies and offers guidance for optimizing future haloscope experiments. Full article
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