Zoonoses and One Health

A special issue of Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease (ISSN 2414-6366). This special issue belongs to the section "One Health".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (1 September 2019) | Viewed by 15209

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Johns Hopkins Center for Health Security, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21202, USA
Interests: virology; influenza; zoonoses; One Health; emerging infectious disease; health systems strengthening; global health security; infectious disease and conflict

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Guest Editor
EcoHealth Alliance, Washington, DC, USA
Interests: health policy; biodefense; veterinary medicine; One Health; zoonoses; ecological health; biosurveillance; parasitology

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue focuses on the intersection of zoonoses and One Health. 

It has been estimated that over 60% of all emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases are zoonotic in nature, that is to say that these diseases are a result of spillover from animal populations, usually wildlife, into humans. While there is a concern for direct spillover from animals we also must consider pathogen evolution and adaptation in intermediate animal hosts (wildlife, vectors, domesticated animals) that provide the proper environment for disease introduction and transmission to the human population. The factors behind zoonotic disease emergence and spread are varied and involve climate change, agricultural intensification, globalization, urbanization, breakdown in public health measures, microbial adaptation, as well as many other factors.  The One Health concept ties these factors together, recognizing that animal health can impact human health, agriculture and the environment (and vice versa).

One Health is a multidisciplinary challenge requiring collaboration among wild life and veterinary professionals, epidemiologists, clinicians, ecologists, environmentalists and basic researchers.  There have been major strides to build and improve on existing capacities to link animal and public health professionals for zoonoses preparedness and response in aspects of policy development, clinical diagnosis and basic research however, the ability to link these capacities to agriculture and the environment have lagged behind.  We have acknowledged that animals can serve as sentinel species for potential human disease outbreaks but there is less of a focus on the role of the environment.

This Special Issue will focus on advancements in zoonotic disease detection, transmission, epidemiology and host-pathogen interactions to emphasize research and capacity building among veterinary and public health scientists. In addition, this issue will also highlight One Health research, discussing the successes and challenges of working towards a One Health approach for infectious disease detection, prevention and response.

Dr. Erin M. Sorrell
Dr. Ellen P. Carlin
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • zoonoses
  • One Health
  • emerging infectious diseases
  • capacity building, spillover
  • host-pathogen interactions

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

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20 pages, 4913 KiB  
Article
A One Health Approach to Investigating Leptospira Serogroups and Their Spatial Distributions among Humans and Animals in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, 2013–2015
by Noemi Polo, Gustavo Machado, Rogerio Rodrigues, Patricia Nájera Hamrick, Claudia Munoz-Zanzi, Martha Maria Pereira, Marilina Bercini, Loeci Natalina Timm and Maria Cristina Schneider
Trop. Med. Infect. Dis. 2019, 4(1), 42; https://doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed4010042 - 27 Feb 2019
Cited by 16 | Viewed by 7124
Abstract
Leptospirosis is an endemic zoonotic disease in Brazil and is widespread throughout rural populations in the state of Rio Grande do Sul. This study aimed to identify presumptive infecting Leptospira serogroups in human and animal cases and describe their occurrences within the ecoregions [...] Read more.
Leptospirosis is an endemic zoonotic disease in Brazil and is widespread throughout rural populations in the state of Rio Grande do Sul. This study aimed to identify presumptive infecting Leptospira serogroups in human and animal cases and describe their occurrences within the ecoregions of the state by animal species. Data for human and animal leptospirosis cases were gathered from the government’s passive surveillance systems and presumptive infecting serogroups were identified based on a two-fold titer difference in serogroups in the microscopic agglutination test (MAT) panel. A total of 22 different serogroups were reported across both human and animal cases. Serogroup Icterohaemorrhagiae was the most common among humans, while serogroup Sejroe predominated among animal cases, particularly bovines. Each ecoregion had a large distribution of cases, with 51% of the human cases in the Parana–Paraiba ecoregion, and 81% of the animal cases in the Savannah ecoregion. Identifying and mapping the serogroups circulating using the One Health approach is the first step for further understanding the distribution of the disease in the state. This study has the potential to aid in guiding public health and agricultural practices, furthering the need for a human vaccine in high-risk populations to complement control and prevention efforts. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Zoonoses and One Health)
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Review

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12 pages, 509 KiB  
Review
A Case History in Cooperative Biological Research: Compendium of Studies and Program Analyses in Kazakhstan
by Kenneth B. Yeh, Falgunee K. Parekh, Lyazzat Musralina, Ablay Sansyzbai, Kairat Tabynov, Zhanna Shapieva, Allen L. Richards and John Hay
Trop. Med. Infect. Dis. 2019, 4(4), 136; https://doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed4040136 - 09 Nov 2019
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 6566
Abstract
Kazakhstan and the United States have partnered since 2003 to counter the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction. The US Department of Defense (US DoD) has funded threat reduction programs to eliminate biological weapons, secure material in repositories that could be targeted for [...] Read more.
Kazakhstan and the United States have partnered since 2003 to counter the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction. The US Department of Defense (US DoD) has funded threat reduction programs to eliminate biological weapons, secure material in repositories that could be targeted for theft, and enhance surveillance systems to monitor infectious disease outbreaks that would affect national security. The cooperative biological research (CBR) program of the US DoD’s Biological Threat Reduction Program has provided financing, mentorship, infrastructure, and biologic research support to Kazakhstani scientists and research institutes since 2005. The objective of this paper is to provide a historical perspective for the CBR involvement in Kazakhstan, including project chronology, successes and challenges to allow lessons learned to be applied to future CBR endeavors. A project compendium from open source data and interviews with partner country Kazakhstani participants, project collaborators, and stakeholders was developed utilizing studies from 2004 to the present. An earlier project map was used as a basis to determine project linkages and continuations during the evolution of the CBR program. It was determined that consistent and effective networking increases the chances to collaborate especially for competitive funding opportunities. Overall, the CBR program has increased scientific capabilities in Kazakhstan while reducing their risk of biological threats. However, there is still need for increased scientific transparency and an overall strategy to develop a capability-based model to better enhance and sustain future research. Finally, we offer a living perspective that can be applied to further link related studies especially those related to One Health and zoonoses and the assessment of similar capability-building programs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Zoonoses and One Health)
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