Chronic Health Conditions and Bodies: Methods, Meanings, and Medicine

A special issue of Social Sciences (ISSN 2076-0760).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 March 2024) | Viewed by 9535

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Department of Sociology, San Jose State University, San José, CA 95192, USA
Interests: body and embodiment; medical sociology; qualitative methods

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Guest Editor
Sociology & Anthropology, Farmingdale State College (SUNY), Farmingdale, NY 11735, USA
Interests: embodiment; medical sociology; LGBTQ+ health

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

As the global prevalence and awareness of chronic health conditions grows, it is imperative that social science remains central to understanding the emergence, experience, and social impact of these conditions. This Special Issue follows in the tradition of Zola (1976), Charmaz (1993), and other existing social science scholarship on disability, sociology of health, and sociology of the body that focuses on chronic health issues to contextualize these conditions beyond the arena of biomedicine.

This Special Issue focuses on emerging research that utilizes social science perspectives on chronic health conditions. Critically important to the social scientific study of chronic health conditions is the centering of structural factors, including but not limited to race, class, gender, sexual orientation, immigration status, and body size. Potential topics for this Special Issue include chronic pain, chronic illness, long COVID, mental health, medicalization, diagnostic categories, media, technology, patient advocacy and activism, and other issues related to chronic health conditions. Contributions can include empirical work, theoretical pieces, extended literature reviews, methodology papers, or book reviews related to chronic health conditions from a social science perspective. We especially welcome papers from the Global South or articles that focus on the experiences of chronic health conditions for structurally marginalized populations.

Please submit your extended abstract to Special Issue editors, Dr. Natalie Ingraham () and Dr. Natalie C. Boero (), by 1 February 2024. For those accepted for consideration, the deadline for full paper submission will be 31 March 2024 for preliminary review.

Dr. Natalie C. Boero
Dr. Natalie Ingraham
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • embodiment
  • medical sociology
  • chronic illness
  • disability studies
  • pain
  • caretaking
  • methodology
  • interdisciplinary
  • sociology of health

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Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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14 pages, 259 KiB  
Article
When Avoiding Chemicals Means Avoiding Others: Relational Exposures and Multiple Chemical Sensitivity
by Isabella Clark
Soc. Sci. 2024, 13(10), 528; https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci13100528 - 2 Oct 2024
Viewed by 714
Abstract
Multiple chemical sensitivity (MCS) is a contested environmental illness that can be debilitating and life limiting. Those with MCS develop an array of physical symptoms to doses of chemicals in everyday life that are currently considered safe for human health by scientific and [...] Read more.
Multiple chemical sensitivity (MCS) is a contested environmental illness that can be debilitating and life limiting. Those with MCS develop an array of physical symptoms to doses of chemicals in everyday life that are currently considered safe for human health by scientific and political actors. (1) Background: The purpose of this project is to understand how people with MCS practice chemical avoidance, describe MCS as a “relational illness”, and understand the interactional strategies for navigating relational chemical exposures. (2) Methods: This is an ethnographically embedded interview project that consists of two field trips, thirty-three interviews, and content analysis of MCS materials such as newsletters, books, and websites. (3) Results: This article finds that personal protection strategies for chemical avoidance are insufficient in the case of MCS. By redefining the hazards posed by spaces and other people’s bodies, those with MCS transform chemicals into an object of relational concern. This creates opportunities for other people to reevaluate their own chemical relationships and accommodate those with MCS, but it can also lead to denial, dismissal, and social exclusion. (4) Conclusions: This work on demonstrates that chemical contamination is an issue of interactional concern and adds to the literature on contested illness and relationships. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Chronic Health Conditions and Bodies: Methods, Meanings, and Medicine)
14 pages, 799 KiB  
Article
BMI Is Bunk, but Fat Women Are Diseased: The Hypocrisy of “The Normal (White) Man”
by Sabrina Strings and Caryn Bell
Soc. Sci. 2024, 13(6), 276; https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci13060276 - 21 May 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1699
Abstract
“Obesity”, is defined as a body mass index (BMI) ≥ 30. Yet the tool, BMI, has been shown to be flawed in its weight classing. BMI categories were made by relying nearly exclusively on data about middle-class white males, creating “the normal (white) [...] Read more.
“Obesity”, is defined as a body mass index (BMI) ≥ 30. Yet the tool, BMI, has been shown to be flawed in its weight classing. BMI categories were made by relying nearly exclusively on data about middle-class white males, creating “the normal (white) man”. Yet, BMI continues to be used as a diagnostic tool, and is increasingly deployed to stigmatize fat persons as “diseased”. This has critical implications for women—especially Black women and Latinas—who have some of the highest BMIs in the country. But, despite the consternation over the size of the bodies women of color have, there are nearly no studies to date examining the relationship between BMI and rates of chronic illness by race and gender. In this study, we examined the associations between BMI and type 2 diabetes (T2D) for women across race in comparison to white men. Relying on 20 years of NHANES data, we found that while Latinas and Black women were nearly 3 times and over 5 times as likely to have T2D than white men, respectively, the association between BMI and T2D was significantly weaker for Latinas than for white men. The association between BMI and T2D was markedly weaker for Black women. This study shows that racial and gendered health disparities cannot be explained by differences in rates of “obesity” as defined by a white male norm. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Chronic Health Conditions and Bodies: Methods, Meanings, and Medicine)
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20 pages, 1694 KiB  
Article
Centering Women of Color: Chronic Vulvovaginal Pain (CVVP) Communication
by Olivia R. Adams, Amanda N. Gesselman and Margaret Bennett-Brown
Soc. Sci. 2024, 13(5), 265; https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci13050265 - 15 May 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1357
Abstract
Background: Black and white women describe their chronic vulvar pain (CVVP) symptoms differently, indicating a patient–provider communication deficit. This may contribute to the diagnostic delay commonly reported by patients with CVVP and/or pelvic pain. Methods: A pilot study demonstrated CVVP terminology differences between [...] Read more.
Background: Black and white women describe their chronic vulvar pain (CVVP) symptoms differently, indicating a patient–provider communication deficit. This may contribute to the diagnostic delay commonly reported by patients with CVVP and/or pelvic pain. Methods: A pilot study demonstrated CVVP terminology differences between women of color and white women. The present study (N = 488) includes a sample of predominantly cisgender women who identified their race/ethnicity as Black, Hispanic/Latinx, Native American/American Indian, and/or Asian. Participants reported how they describe their CVVP, their healthcare experiences, and characteristics of their diagnostic journey. Results: Descriptions of CVVP were not uniform. Instead, there was great variability in how women described their pain across racial/ethnic identities and pain contexts (e.g., sexual activity, menstrual product use, and pelvic exam). Some pain experiences and descriptors were associated with healthcare outcomes related to diagnostic delay. Conclusions: This study sheds light on the pain communication experiences of women of color with CVVP, an understudied population within the broader CVVP literature. By resisting white and non-white comparative methodologies, this study demonstrates the applicability of intersectionality principles to the study of CVVP and contributes to the existing literature regarding pain communication, race, and ethnicity. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Chronic Health Conditions and Bodies: Methods, Meanings, and Medicine)
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22 pages, 9176 KiB  
Article
“It’s Like Having an Uncontrolled Situation”: Using Body Maps to Understand the Embodied Experiences of People with Hidradenitis Suppurativa, a Chronic Dermatological Condition
by Natalie Ingraham, Kelly Duong and Lena R. Hann
Soc. Sci. 2024, 13(3), 168; https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci13030168 - 14 Mar 2024
Viewed by 2679
Abstract
Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic, inflammatory, and often debilitating skin condition that includes painful “flares” in the groin, genital, and underarms. (1) Background: Patients with HS have the highest reported mental health comorbidities among dermatological conditions. Qualitative social science research about HS [...] Read more.
Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic, inflammatory, and often debilitating skin condition that includes painful “flares” in the groin, genital, and underarms. (1) Background: Patients with HS have the highest reported mental health comorbidities among dermatological conditions. Qualitative social science research about HS is limited, so this study aimed to understand the lived experiences of people with HS through body mapping. Body mapping is a participatory research process where participants illustrate a drawing of their body with images, symbols, and words that represent their embodied experience. (2) Methods: This study recruited 30 participants from a previous survey about HS experiences. Participants selected from pre-made body silhouettes based on their body shape, illustrated a body map about their HS experience, then shared their body map during in-depth interviews. Interviews and body maps were analyzed with the same codebook created with inductive and deductive codes. (3) Results: The body map drawings yielded rich visual data and the mapping process helped participants express their HS experiences in unique ways that cannot always be captured with textual data alone. (4) Conclusions: This study adds to the limited social science literature about HS and introduces body mapping as a relevant qualitative method for exploring chronic dermatological conditions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Chronic Health Conditions and Bodies: Methods, Meanings, and Medicine)
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25 pages, 494 KiB  
Essay
Suffering without Remedy: The Medically Unexplained Symptoms of Fibromyalgia Syndrome and Long COVID
by Chiara Moretti and Kristin Kay Barker
Soc. Sci. 2024, 13(9), 450; https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci13090450 - 28 Aug 2024
Viewed by 1675
Abstract
The term “Medically Unexplained Symptoms” (MUS) describes chronic symptoms for which medical investigations fail to reveal a specific pathology or biomarker. Even as MUS are among the most prevalent chronic health problems in the global north, patients who experience them reside in a [...] Read more.
The term “Medically Unexplained Symptoms” (MUS) describes chronic symptoms for which medical investigations fail to reveal a specific pathology or biomarker. Even as MUS are among the most prevalent chronic health problems in the global north, patients who experience them reside in a nebulous space. Such nebulousness is heightened for women patients. Moreover, women report MUS at higher rates than men. In this review essay, we analyze the medicalization and feminization processes vis-à-vis MUS by focusing on two particular syndromes: Fibromyalgia (FMS) and Long COVID (LC). FMS and LC present clear parallels that allow us to trace an unhappy marriage of women and MUS. We demonstrate how the medical constructions of these two syndromes as knowledge categories are representations of medical uncertainty vis-a-vis women patients. We then scrutinize the resulting gendered consequences of these categories for the illness experience. We conclude our review by calling for a cultural reorientation in our thinking about MUS that centers a recognition that the origins and manifestations of a great deal of human suffering reside outside of medicine’s ways of knowing. In so doing, we connect to foundational claims in medical anthropology and sociology; namely, that illness is more than disease, and health cannot be achieved primarily via biomedical means. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Chronic Health Conditions and Bodies: Methods, Meanings, and Medicine)
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