Job Stress and Burnout: Emerging Issues in Today’s Workplace

A special issue of Social Sciences (ISSN 2076-0760). This special issue belongs to the section "Work, Employment and the Labor Market".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 December 2026 | Viewed by 18898

Special Issue Editors


E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Behavioural Sciences and Health, University Miguel Hernandez, 03205 Elche, Spain
Interests: well-being at work; occupational health; job satisfaction

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Behavioural Sciences and Health, University Miguel Hernandez, 03205 Elche, Spain
Interests: well-being at work; healthy organizations; skill development at work

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The rapid evolution of work environments over the last decade has given rise to unprecedented dynamics that profoundly affect the health and well-being of employees. Phenomena such as job stress and burnout have taken on emerging dimensions, driven by current issues such as the proliferation of telecommuting, the gig economy, digital interconnectedness, and the flexibilization of organizational structures, among others. These transformations, while offering opportunities for innovation and efficiency, also create new challenges in terms of adaptation and the management of psychological well-being in the workplace.

This Special Issue, entitled “Job Stress and Burnout: Emerging Issues in Today's Workplace”, invites researchers and practitioners to explore the emerging variables that influence the development and evolution of stress and burnout. Studies are sought to explore different perspectives and methodologies—quantitative, qualitative or mixed—that allow us to broaden our knowledge of stress and burnout in the work environment, delving into individual and organizational determinants, as well as possible moderating factors. Studies that offer integrative theoretical models, robust empirical evaluations, and practical proposals to prevent and manage these phenomena are particularly welcome. In addition, we seek to foster interdisciplinary dialogue, involving approaches from psychology, sociology, economics and health sciences, to contribute to the development of healthy, resilient and sustainable work environments.

The purpose of this Special Issue is to generate an interdisciplinary dialogue that contributes to a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying stress and burnout in the contemporary work environment, offering valuable insights and practical recommendations for the formulation of organizational policies and practises that respond to the emerging challenges of the 21st century. We aim for the published findings to serve as a reference for the development of policies and strategies aimed at improving the quality of work life, with a focus on mental health and sustainable performance.

Dr. Adrian Garcia Selva
Prof. Dr. Beatriz Martin del Rio
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • job stress
  • burnout
  • occupational health
  • well-being at work
  • mental health at work
  • organizational intervention
  • organizational culture

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Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

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19 pages, 834 KB  
Article
Tell Me! How to Diminish Stress and Sick Leave in an Organization: A Cognitive Behavioral Quasi-Experimental Intervention
by Felisa Latorre, Amparo Ramos, M. Ángeles López-González, M. José Rosas, Inés Tomás and Jose Ramos
Soc. Sci. 2026, 15(3), 200; https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci15030200 - 18 Mar 2026
Viewed by 353
Abstract
Interventions aimed at reducing stress levels and sick leave have been implemented from different perspectives for workers. The aim of this study is to analyze the effectiveness of two interventions, including Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and strategies and workshops enhancing well-being (Well-being Route), on [...] Read more.
Interventions aimed at reducing stress levels and sick leave have been implemented from different perspectives for workers. The aim of this study is to analyze the effectiveness of two interventions, including Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and strategies and workshops enhancing well-being (Well-being Route), on stress and sick leave levels. A quasi-experimental design was employed, with three conditions (control group, n = 41; Well-being Route group, n = 36; and Well-being Route + Cognitive Behavioral Therapy group, n = 17). A two-way MANCOVA with one within-subjects factor (intervention: 2 levels, pretest (Time 1), posttest (Time 2)), one between-subjects factor (group: 3 levels, CG, WBR, and WBR+CBT), and a covariate (job control) was used for analysis. Baseline differences among groups were found. The interaction between the intervention and the three conditions was statistically significant. The findings suggest that WBR+CBT within organizations can effectively mitigate stress and sick leave among workers, although sick leave was measured with a single item. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Job Stress and Burnout: Emerging Issues in Today’s Workplace)
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17 pages, 564 KB  
Article
Burnout as a Path Between Decent Work and Turnover Intention: The Buffering Effect of Calling
by Liliana Faria and Sofia Porto
Soc. Sci. 2026, 15(2), 131; https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci15020131 - 17 Feb 2026
Viewed by 679
Abstract
Rapid workplace changes have been associated with increased burnout and turnover intention. This study investigates the mechanisms linking decent work to employees’ turnover intention through a moderated mediation framework, in which burnout mediates the association between decent work and turnover intention, and career [...] Read more.
Rapid workplace changes have been associated with increased burnout and turnover intention. This study investigates the mechanisms linking decent work to employees’ turnover intention through a moderated mediation framework, in which burnout mediates the association between decent work and turnover intention, and career calling is hypothesized to moderate both the effect of decent work on burnout and the effect of burnout on turnover intention. A cross-sectional sample of 225 employees from diverse sectors in Portugal completed self-report measures. Data were analyzed using PROCESS, with 5000 bootstrap resamples. Decent work was negatively related to burnout, which in turn predicted higher turnover intention, supporting the mediating role of burnout. Career calling moderated the association between decent work and burnout, with the indirect effect of decent work on turnover intention via burnout significant at moderate and high levels of calling, but not low levels, indicating a partially supported moderated mediation. These findings highlight burnout as a key mechanism linking decent work to turnover intention, show that career calling amplifies the protective effect of decent work, and underscore the relevance of strategies aimed at fostering healthier, resilient, and sustainable workplaces. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Job Stress and Burnout: Emerging Issues in Today’s Workplace)
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20 pages, 989 KB  
Article
Grit as a Key Factor in PhD Students’ Work Engagement and Burnout
by Kaja Lillelien, Elena Menichelli and Gunhild Bjaalid
Soc. Sci. 2026, 15(2), 120; https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci15020120 - 13 Feb 2026
Viewed by 438
Abstract
Background: This study aims to explore the potential factors that can support Ph.D. students in completing their theses in a timely manner while maintaining their mental well-being. Theory: Based on the JD-R model, we discriminate between two independent processes: (1) Job demands are [...] Read more.
Background: This study aims to explore the potential factors that can support Ph.D. students in completing their theses in a timely manner while maintaining their mental well-being. Theory: Based on the JD-R model, we discriminate between two independent processes: (1) Job demands are a health impairment process that may lead to exhaustion and burnout. (2) Job resources are a motivational process that may lead to job satisfaction and engagement. In this study, we also wanted to explore grit as a potential mediator variable and how it could impact exhaustion at work and work engagement among Ph.D. students. Methods: A cross-sectional web-based survey design was used, from a sample of 194 Ph.D. students in Norway. Data were analyzed through structural equation modeling. Results: Our results indicated that demands at work, not resources, had a positive significant effect on Ph.D. students’ grit, which acted as a mediator variable for exhaustion at work and work engagement. Conclusions: This study improves our understanding of the factors affecting Ph.D. students’ mental well-being and sheds light on how institutions can optimize resources and demands to promote timely thesis completion while minimizing the risk of severe mental health challenges. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Job Stress and Burnout: Emerging Issues in Today’s Workplace)
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12 pages, 291 KB  
Article
An Analysis of the Differences Between Unionised and Non-Unionised Workers in Psychological Well-Being, Job Satisfaction, and Life Satisfaction: A Study in Organisations Located in the Basque Country
by Imanol Ulacia, Klara Smith-Etxeberria and Angel Beldarrain-Durandegui
Soc. Sci. 2025, 14(12), 723; https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci14120723 - 17 Dec 2025
Viewed by 680
Abstract
Given the limited literature on the association between trade unions and mental health, this study aims to analyse differences between unionised and non-unionised workers in terms of psychological well-being, job satisfaction, and overall life satisfaction. These differences were analysed based on a sample [...] Read more.
Given the limited literature on the association between trade unions and mental health, this study aims to analyse differences between unionised and non-unionised workers in terms of psychological well-being, job satisfaction, and overall life satisfaction. These differences were analysed based on a sample of 260 workers from organisations located in the Basque Country, of whom 144 were members of a trade union and 116 were not. Our results suggest significant differences between unionised and non-unionised workers in terms of autonomy (t = 3.10; p < 0.01), environmental mastery (t = 2.20; p < 0.05), and personal growth (t = 2.10; p < 0.05), with trade union members demonstrating higher mean scores in all three metrics than their non-unionised counterparts. The results also revealed significant differences in job satisfaction (t = −0.31; p < 0.01), although non-unionised workers scored higher than their unionised counterparts. Contrary to expectations, no differences were found between the groups in relation to overall life satisfaction. After discussing the results, the main limitations of the study are described, and some proposals are made for future research. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Job Stress and Burnout: Emerging Issues in Today’s Workplace)
18 pages, 275 KB  
Article
Inequalities in Self-Assessments of Mental and Physical Wellbeing Among Workers in the Tech Industry
by Cristen Dalessandro and Alexander Lovell
Soc. Sci. 2025, 14(6), 363; https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci14060363 - 9 Jun 2025
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2104
Abstract
Although the technology (tech) industry has historically had a reputation for being supportive when it comes to wellbeing initiatives, research has found persistent disparities among the tech industry workforce. Therefore, using an original survey of tech workers worldwide (n = 1207), this paper [...] Read more.
Although the technology (tech) industry has historically had a reputation for being supportive when it comes to wellbeing initiatives, research has found persistent disparities among the tech industry workforce. Therefore, using an original survey of tech workers worldwide (n = 1207), this paper explores whether gender and identification with racial “minority” status have an impact on self-reported levels of mental and physical wellbeing measures. Controlling for additional demographic variables, our regression model found that workers identifying as racial minorities at work (OR: 2.49; 95%CI 1.80–3.43) were significantly more likely to report lower mental wellbeing scores. Additional analyses found that compared to men who did not identify as a racial minority, minority-identified women (OR: 3.48; 95%CI 2.10–5.76) and men (OR: 2.10; 95% CI 1.40–3.15) were significantly more likely to report worse mental wellbeing, and minority-identified men were significantly more likely to report that work had a negative impact on their physical health as well (OR: 1.78; 95%CI 1.18–2.68). Due to the international scope of our project, our research suggests that demographic disparities in physical and mental wellbeing among tech workers is an ongoing problem on a global scale. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Job Stress and Burnout: Emerging Issues in Today’s Workplace)

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22 pages, 1410 KB  
Systematic Review
Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Positive Psychology Interventions in Workplace Settings
by Kevin Martínez-Martínez, Valeria Cruz-Ortiz, Susana Llorens, Marisa Salanova and Marcelo Leiva-Bianchi
Soc. Sci. 2025, 14(8), 481; https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci14080481 - 4 Aug 2025
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 13126
Abstract
Job stress and burnout are major challenges in today’s workplaces. While most interventions adopt a clinical or deficit-based approach, this meta-analysis takes a positive perspective by examining the effectiveness of Positive Psychological Interventions (PPIs). A total of 24 studies conducted in workplace settings [...] Read more.
Job stress and burnout are major challenges in today’s workplaces. While most interventions adopt a clinical or deficit-based approach, this meta-analysis takes a positive perspective by examining the effectiveness of Positive Psychological Interventions (PPIs). A total of 24 studies conducted in workplace settings were analyzed to assess the impact of PPIs on psychological well-being, subjective well-being, and job performance. The results showed significant and sustained improvements across all three outcomes, with moderate effect sizes: subjective well-being (g = 0.50, 95% CI [0.18, 0.81]), psychological well-being (g = 0.46, 95% CI [0.15, 0.78]), and performance (g = 0.42, 95% CI [0.21, 0.62]). Higher effects were found for in-person interventions and those conducted in Western contexts. No significant moderation was observed for structural factors (e.g., implementation level: Individual, Group, Leader, or Organization [IGLO]) or sample characteristics (e.g., gender), among other variables examined. These findings highlight the relevance of PPIs for promoting well-being and sustaining performance, which may reflect the preservation of personal resources in the face of occupational stressors. Regardless of type, well-designed interventions may be key to fostering healthier workplace environments—especially when delivered face-to-face. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Job Stress and Burnout: Emerging Issues in Today’s Workplace)
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