Leukaemia: Diagnosis and Treatment

Dear Colleagues,

Leukaemia is a neoplastic disease of the white blood cells. In the acute sub-types, cells proliferate and fail to mature normally; whilst in chronic types there is an excess of ineffective mature cells. Leukaemia has two peaks of incidence, first in childhood and the second in old age, and the disease is more common in males than in females. Today, the cure rate is relatively high for children and there has been substantial improvement since Sidney Farber introduced the first chemotherapy trials in the 1940s. Unfortunately and particularly for elderly people, the cure rates are still low for acute leukaemia, and they vary substantially between different types and subtypes of leukaemia. The introduction of Bcr-Abl kinase inhibitors has revolutionized the therapy for chronic myeloid leukaemia, whilst the use of all-trans-retinoic acid, to target PML-RARA fusion gene, led to a great improvement in the treatment of acute promyelocytic leukaemia. These advances exemplify the need to tailor treatments towards the mutation(s) that occurs in each particular subtype of leukaemia. In turn, detailed diagnosis of the genetic insult(s) is also important. This Special Issue of Reports is open for articles that provide insights into the underlying mutations, the diagnostic procedures, the biology of leukaemia, the nature of leukaemia stem cells, and old, new and repurposed therapies including for the treatment of disease relapse.

Prof. Dr. Ewa Marcinkowska
Dr. Geoffrey Brown
Prof. Dr. Ken Mills
Guest Editors

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• acute leukaemia
• chronic leukaemia
• myelodysplastic syndromes
• new therapy strategies
• gene aberrations
• leukaemia stem cells
• disease classification and diagnosis
• disease monitoring