Buddhist Art Along the Silk Road and Its Cross-Cultural Interaction

A special issue of Religions (ISSN 2077-1444).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 January 2026 | Viewed by 2888

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
School of Art and Archaeology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310028, China
Interests: Buddhist art and archaeology; history of Buddhism; history of cultural exchange between China and the West

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Guest Editor
School of History, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310028, China
Interests: medieval Chinese history; history of Buddhism; Silk Road and Gandhara studies

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The Silk Roads, as vital conduits of intercultural exchange, witnessed the transmission of Buddhist art from India through Gandhara to Central Asia, China, and beyond. During Buddhism’s transformation from a regional belief to a global religion, its artistic expressions not only visualized doctrinal concepts but also served as material testaments to cross-regional dialogues, reflecting the historical dynamics of Buddhist propagation. Current scholarship on Silk Road Buddhist art faces dual opportunities: the influx of new archaeological materials and a paradigm shift from single-civilization perspectives to cross-cultural interaction studies. This necessitates an integrated approach employing novel materials, methodologies, and perspectives to reconstruct the historical trajectories of Buddhist art’s transcultural dissemination.

This Special Issue focuses on the genealogical development and intercultural evolution of Buddhist art along the Silk Roads between the 1st and 13th centuries CE. We seek to investigate how visual languages—including sculptural styles, pictorial motifs, iconographic programs, and architectural layouts of cave temples—underwent translation and transformation across diverse regions and cultural contexts while transmitting associated belief systems and philosophical concepts. We advocate for interdisciplinary approaches that transcend traditional disciplinary boundaries and geographical confines, integrating archaeology, iconography, art history, Buddhist studies, and cross-cultural comparative methodologies to achieve substantive progress in Silk Road Buddhist art research.

In this Special Issue, original research articles and reviews are welcome. Research areas may include (but are not limited to) the following:

  • New archaeological discoveries of Buddhism along the Silk Road;
  • Cultural exchange and mutual influence between Chinese and Kushan Buddhist art;
  • Transmission routes and cultural origins of Buddhist art in China;
  • Studies on Buddhist cave temples;
  • Studies on Sino-Tibetan Buddhist art;
  • Artistic interactions of Buddhism in East Asia;
  • Foreign civilizational elements in Chinese Buddhist art.

We request that, prior to submitting a manuscript, interested authors initially submit a proposed title and an abstract of 200–300 words summarizing their intended contribution. Abstracts will be reviewed by the Guest Editors for the purpose of ensuring their proper fit within the scope of the Special Issue. Full manuscripts will undergo double-blind peer review.

Deadline for abstract submission: 30 September 2025

Deadline for full manuscript submission: 31 January 2026

We look forward to receiving your contributions.

Dr. Liming Zhang
Prof. Dr. Yinggang Sun
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • Buddhist art
  • Asian civilizations
  • the Silk Road
  • mutual learning through exchange
  • Sinicization of Buddhism
  • Gandhara

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

24 pages, 20557 KB  
Article
Rituals in the Last Days of the Dharma: Connections Between the Thousand Buddhas of Zhag Cave in Western Tibet and Silk Road Relics at Dunhuang
by Rufei Luo
Religions 2025, 16(9), 1094; https://doi.org/10.3390/rel16091094 - 25 Aug 2025
Viewed by 2144
Abstract
The Zhag Cave in western Tibet, dated to the 11th to 12th centuries, features four walls fully adorned with images of the Thousand Buddhas of the Bhadrakalpa (Fortunate Aeon). According to the Tibetan inscriptions, the arrangement of the Thousand Buddhas creates a circumambulatory [...] Read more.
The Zhag Cave in western Tibet, dated to the 11th to 12th centuries, features four walls fully adorned with images of the Thousand Buddhas of the Bhadrakalpa (Fortunate Aeon). According to the Tibetan inscriptions, the arrangement of the Thousand Buddhas creates a circumambulatory space for worship and confession, enabling practitioners to purify their sins. Four aspects of the Zhag Cave are comparable to those of Dunhuang. First, among the inscriptions is the Pratītyasamutpāda-gāthā, elaborated in the Śālistamba Sūtra, the Tibetan manuscripts of which have been unearthed in both western Tibet and Dunhuang. Second, the way of depicting Thousand Buddhas on four walls inside the cave could be found in earlier caves from the 5th to 6th centuries at Dunhuang. Third, the specific practice of only depicting the Bhadrakalpa Thousand Buddhas on the walls parallels similar caves from the mid-10th to early 13th centuries at Dunhuang. Fourth, the motifs depicted along the wall edges correspond with the prevalent themes found in the Bhadrakalpa Thousand Buddhas transformation tableaux during the 9th to 13th centuries, reflecting the apogee of Bhadrakalpa Thousand Buddhas devotion. These connections prompt us to think about the ways in which Western Tibet was part of the Silk Road network. I argue that this shared iconographic and ritual framework embodies the intertwined religious practices of the Dharma-ending Age (Mofa 末法) thought and Buddhist revival movements along the Silk Road, explaining these complex interconnections between the Zhag Cave and the Dunhuang relics within the broader context of religious beliefs and socio-cultural patterns. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Buddhist Art Along the Silk Road and Its Cross-Cultural Interaction)
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