Drawing a Roadmap for Research on the History of Christianity in Modern China

A special issue of Religions (ISSN 2077-1444). This special issue belongs to the section "Religions and Humanities/Philosophies".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 July 2026 | Viewed by 1692

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
School of International Relations & Public Affairs, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
Interests: history of Christianity in China; religion and international relations; American religion
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Guest Editor
School of Christian Ministry, Gratia Christian College, Hong Kong
Interests: Chinese Christianity; history of China’s Christian universities; liberal arts and the legacy of China’s Christian universities
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The study of the history of Christianity in modern China is an integral part of Western studies on China; however, missionaries were once referred to as "invisible men" in American history yet they and their Chinese counterparts were even less visible in Chinese historiography. The numerous institutions established by missionaries and their Chinese colleagues, including schools, hospitals, and charitable organizations, as well as the role they played in China's modernization processes, are often overlooked.

Since China's reform and opening up, the study of the history of Christianity in modern China has experienced a revival. This is reflected in the rapid increase in research institutions, projects, conferences and publications, as well as the continuous development and discovery of new theories, methods, fields and archival materials. Beyond China’s borders, there has also been a surge in interest in this research topic. All of which has led to a positive and interactive situation in this area both in China itself and abroad.

Against this backdrop, we believe that it is necessary to conduct a comprehensive and systematic review of existing research on the history of Christianity in modern China as conducted on the Chinese mainland and overseas. This review or retrospective analysis will not only help us to re-examine the experiences of previous studies, but will also serve as a roadmap for extended research from a wider field of scholars, such as those working on the modern study of World Christianity (comparing Christianity from different regions and countries), and those from the fields international relations and global studies, where ‘religion’ has become one of the core issues under discussion. This Special Issue of Religions is dedicated to exploring the most recent research on Christianity in modern China and related studies. We welcome comprehensive and critical review papers on various aspects, including history, theology, movements, institutions, endeavors, individuals, the Christian Church’s intriguing relationships with Chinese society, and comparative studies incorporating different regions and countries.

We request that, prior to submitting a manuscript, interested authors initially submit a proposed title and an abstract of 200-300 words summarizing their intended contribution. Please send this to the Guest Editors, Prof. Dr. Yihua Xu (edwardyhxu@126.com) and Prof. Dr. Peter NG (peterng.cuhk@gmail.com/peterng@gratia.edu.hk), and CC the Assistant Editor of Religions, Margaret Liu (margaret.liu@mdpi.com). Abstracts will be reviewed by the Guest Editors for the purposes of ensuring proper fit within the scope of the Special Issue. Full manuscripts will undergo double-blind peer review.

A tentative timeline:

Deadline for abstract submission: 15 February 2026
Deadline for full manuscript submission: 31 July 2026

We look forward to receiving your contributions.

Prof. Dr. Yihua Xu
Prof. Dr. Peter Tze Ming NG
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • history of Christianity
  • modern China
  • critical review
  • comparative studies
  • interdisciplinary studies

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

14 pages, 324 KB  
Article
Writing Mission and Narrating Faith: Liang Fa’s Diary and the Formation of Christian Narrative in Chinese Writing
by Dadui Yao
Religions 2026, 17(5), 589; https://doi.org/10.3390/rel17050589 (registering DOI) - 13 May 2026
Viewed by 198
Abstract
This article reexamines Liang Fa’s Riji Yanxing (Record of Words and Deeds, 1830) from the perspective of narrative structure rather than solely as a historical missionary document. Previous scholarship has shown that the diary was produced within the institutional framework of [...] Read more.
This article reexamines Liang Fa’s Riji Yanxing (Record of Words and Deeds, 1830) from the perspective of narrative structure rather than solely as a historical missionary document. Previous scholarship has shown that the diary was produced within the institutional framework of the London Missionary Society and functioned primarily as a record of early Protestant evangelization in China. Building on these studies, this article argues that the diary simultaneously records missionary work and narrates the formation of Christian faith. Through close readings of Liang Fa’s reflections, prayers, and recorded dialogues with potential converts, the study demonstrates how an institutional testimonial text develops a narrative configuration shaped by Christian theology. Within this framework, missionary responsibility, anxiety over divine judgment, and reflections on death and salvation form recurring cycles of crisis, repentance, and renewed commitment. Dialogues with potential converts further dramatize this theological logic by transforming doctrinal arguments into scenes of spiritual confrontation and hesitation. Although Riji Yanxing was not originally composed as a literary work, it reveals the emergence of a new mode of Christian narrative in Chinese writing. The diary thus illustrates how Christian concepts of sin, redemption, and judgment reshaped narrative consciousness in early nineteenth-century China. Full article
22 pages, 2089 KB  
Article
Christianized Intervention or Not: James Legge’s Rendering of Fâ-hien’s Image in A Record of Buddhistic Kingdoms
by Yanmeng Wang
Religions 2026, 17(3), 365; https://doi.org/10.3390/rel17030365 - 15 Mar 2026
Viewed by 480
Abstract
The 19th century Protestant missionary James Legge is acknowledged for his voluminous and Christianity-inflected translations of Chinese classics of “Three Teachings”, yet his rendition of Buddhist texts remains under-examined. This study analyzes whether a value of Western theology exists in his portrayal of [...] Read more.
The 19th century Protestant missionary James Legge is acknowledged for his voluminous and Christianity-inflected translations of Chinese classics of “Three Teachings”, yet his rendition of Buddhist texts remains under-examined. This study analyzes whether a value of Western theology exists in his portrayal of the Chinese monk Fâ-hien in A Record of Buddhistic Kingdoms, where the pilgrim should emerge as a devout Buddhist, a pioneering explorer, and a morally sensitive figure. Legge foregrounded these facets through paratexts such as illustrations and footnotes, but also repeatedly framed Fâ-hien within a biblical interpretation by frequently drawing parallels between Christianity and Buddhism. At the textual level, he shifted the original first-person narrative to a third-person perspective, which weakened the emotional and spiritual sense of Fâ-hien’s journey. Legge’s scholarly competence in Chinese learning and his role as Oxford’s first Professor of Chinese determined his precise representation of the rich connotations of Fâ-hien’s image, balancing academic rigor with an orientation toward Great Britain’s colonial education and imperial interests. His Christo-Buddhist intervention in the paratexts, associating the primary text with Christian culture, reveals his underlying missionary purpose to evangelize China. To this end, this study reveals how religious translation served both missionary and scholarly ends, contributing to Western perceptions of Chinese religion while illustrating the broader power dynamics of Christian engagement with modern China. Full article
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