Infectious Diseases in Children and Adolescents

A special issue of Pediatric Reports (ISSN 2036-7503).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 15 August 2026 | Viewed by 538

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Giovanni XXIII Children Hospital, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Consorziale Policlinico, Bari, Italy
Interests: pediatrics; infectious disease; antimicrobial stewardship; infection in immunocompromised host

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Guest Editor
Department of Pediatrics, G. B. Morgagni—L. Pierantoni Hospital, AUSL Romagna, 47121 Forlì, Italy
Interests: pediatrics; infectious disease; antimicrobial stewardship; critical care medicine

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

(1) In the post-COVID-19 era, epidemiology and some major features of several infectious diseases in children changed remarkably. Specialists and non-specialists should be aware of such changes in order to behave more and more appropriately in diagnosing, treating, and counseling in this field.

(2) Provide and update written by a skilled specialist in pediatric infectious disease

(3) In this Special Issue, original research articles and reviews are welcome. Research areas may include (but are not limited to) the following:

  1. Invasive bacterial infection in children in post-COVID-19 era;
  2. Viral infections in post-COVID-19 era;
  3. Multiplex diagnosis in respiratory infections;
  4. Multiplex diagnosis in gastrointestinal infections;
  5. Soft tissue infections;
  6. Prenatal infections;
  7. HIV;
  8. HCV;
  9. Streptococcus pyogenes with special interest to indication to treatment;
  10. Antimicrobial resistance of mycoplasma pneumoniae;
  11. Antibiotics: stewardship and update;
  12. TB

We look forward to receiving your contributions.

Dr. Désirée Caselli
Dr. Melodie Olivia Loredana Rosa Aricò
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

  • pediatric infectious diseases
  • antimicrobial resistance
  • diagnostic approaches
  • invasive bacterial infections
  • emerging infectious diseases
  • post-COVID-19 era

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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12 pages, 994 KB  
Case Report
Clinical Experience with Inosine Pranobex in Pediatric Acute Respiratory Infections with Comorbidities: A Case Series from a Specialised Centre
by Peter Kunč, Jaroslav Fábry, Katarína Ištvánková, Renata Péčová and Miloš Jeseňák
Pediatr. Rep. 2025, 17(6), 123; https://doi.org/10.3390/pediatric17060123 - 10 Nov 2025
Viewed by 307
Abstract
Background: Acute respiratory infections (ARIs) pose a significant clinical challenge in paediatric populations, especially in children with comorbidities who may exhibit underlying immune dysregulation. Inosine pranobex (IP) is an immunomodulatory agent that enhances T-lymphocyte and Natural Killer (NK) cell function, offering a targeted [...] Read more.
Background: Acute respiratory infections (ARIs) pose a significant clinical challenge in paediatric populations, especially in children with comorbidities who may exhibit underlying immune dysregulation. Inosine pranobex (IP) is an immunomodulatory agent that enhances T-lymphocyte and Natural Killer (NK) cell function, offering a targeted therapeutic rationale for such cases. Objective: This study aimed to retrospectively describe the clinical characteristics, immunological profiles, and outcomes of paediatric patients with complex, PCR-confirmed viral ARIs and significant comorbidities, for whom adjunctive therapy with IP was initiated based on clinical judgment. Methods: This retrospective case series analysed data from 14 paediatric patients hospitalised at a specialised centre (National Institute of Paediatric Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases in Dolny Smokovec, Slovakia). Cases were selected based on PCR-confirmed viral ARI, a history of recurrent infections, significant comorbidities, and initiation of IP therapy. The indication for IP was guided by the treating physician in cases of severe, prolonged, or recurrent disease course, where immune dysregulation was suspected, often supported by prior immunophenotyping. Results: A frequent observation in this cohort was the presence of baseline cellular immune alterations with a frequent observation of baseline cellular immune alterations, most notably the depletion of natural killer (NK) cells. NK cell depletion was identified in half of the patients (7/14). Following the initiation of treatment regimens that included adjunctive IP, clinical stabilisation or improvement was observed in all 14 patients included in the study. The therapy was well tolerated, with no reported adverse events attributable to IP. Conclusions: This case series highlights the common presence of cellular immune alterations in children with complex ARIs. While the observational nature of this study precludes any conclusions about causality, the favourable clinical course, safety profile, and strong immunological rationale support the need for prospective controlled trials to evaluate the role of IP in this specific high-risk paediatric population. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Infectious Diseases in Children and Adolescents)
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