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Pediatric Spine Health
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Pediatric Spine Health

A special issue of Healthcare (ISSN 2227-9032). This special issue belongs to the section "School Health".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 August 2022) | Viewed by 10298

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Michał Latalski

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Children’s Orthopaedics Department, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
Interests: scoliosis; paediatric orthopaedics; neuro-orthopaedics; growth factors
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Heavy school backpacks, lack of physical activity, and poor posture are all things that can contribute to back pain; therefore, as children head back to school, it is good time to announce a new Special Issue of Healthcare titled Pediatric Spine Health. Spine deformations in childhood, poor habits, and the “smartphone era” can lead to severe spine problems in adulthood.

This Special Issue aims to collect multidisciplinary submissions of original research articles that demonstrate basic and clinical research of pediatric spine health. Review articles that describe the current state of the art are also welcomed.

Potential topics include, but are not limited to, the following:

  • Deformations, i.e., scoliosis, kyphosis, posture;
  • Habits;
  • Therapeutic possibilities of pediatric spine problems;
  • Surgery treatment;
  • Long-term follow-up. 

Prof. Dr. Michał Latalski
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Healthcare is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • spine
  • scoliosis
  • kyphosis
  • posture
  • rehabilitation
  • spine fusion
  • child and adolescent health
  • back pain
  • syndromic spine deformations
  • MMC
  • prevention

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

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8 pages, 914 KiB  
Communication
The Incidence and Risk Factors for Allogeneic Blood Transfusions in Pediatric Spine Surgery: National Data
by Justyna Fercho, Michał Krakowiak, Rami Yuser, Tomasz Szmuda, Piotr Zieliński, Dariusz Szarek and Grzegorz Miękisiak
Healthcare 2023, 11(4), 533; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11040533 - 10 Feb 2023
Viewed by 1144
Abstract
(1) Background: Pediatric spinal surgery is a blood-intensive procedure. In order to introduce a rational blood management program, identifying the risk factors for transfusions is mandatory. (2) Methods: Data from the national database covering the period from January 2015 to July 2017 were [...] Read more.
(1) Background: Pediatric spinal surgery is a blood-intensive procedure. In order to introduce a rational blood management program, identifying the risk factors for transfusions is mandatory. (2) Methods: Data from the national database covering the period from January 2015 to July 2017 were analyzed. The available data included the demographics, characteristics of the surgeries performed, length of stay, and in-house mortality. (3) Results: The total number of patients used for the analysis was 2302. The primary diagnosis was a spinal deformity (88.75%). Most fusions were long, with four levels or more (89.57%). A total of 938 patients received a transfusion; thus, the transfusion rate was 40.75%. The present study identified several risk factors; the most significant was a number of levels fused greater than 4 (RR 5.51; CI95% 3.72–8.15; p < 0.0001), followed by the deformity as the main diagnosis (RR 2.69; CI95% 1.98–3.65; p < 0.0001). These were the two most significant factors increasing the odds of a transfusion. Other factors associated with an increased risk of transfusion were elective surgery, the female sex, and an anterior approach. The mean length of stay in days was 11.42 (SD 9.93); this was greater in the transfused group (14.20 vs. 9.50; p < 0.0001). (4) Conclusions: The rate of transfusions in pediatric spinal surgery remains high. A new patient blood management program is necessary to improve this situation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Pediatric Spine Health)
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7 pages, 244 KiB  
Article
Pulmonary Parameters in Adolescents with Severe Thoracic Idiopathic Scoliosis: Comparison Girls versus Boys
by Katarzyna Politarczyk, Wiktoria Popowicz-Mieloch and Tomasz Kotwicki
Healthcare 2022, 10(8), 1574; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10081574 - 19 Aug 2022
Viewed by 1084
Abstract
The study compared pulmonary parameters, registered at the preoperative examination, in adolescent boys versus girls, both with severe thoracic idiopathic scoliosis. Thirty consecutive boys and 30 consecutive girls with Lenke 1 or 3 type, in the age range 14–18 years, with a Cobb [...] Read more.
The study compared pulmonary parameters, registered at the preoperative examination, in adolescent boys versus girls, both with severe thoracic idiopathic scoliosis. Thirty consecutive boys and 30 consecutive girls with Lenke 1 or 3 type, in the age range 14–18 years, with a Cobb angle of >50° and Risser sign ≥ 3 were enrolled. Corrected body height was used to calculate pulmonary parameters according to the Global Lung Function (GLI 2012) reference values. Significantly higher values of the calculated predicted pulmonary parameters and the upper and lower limit of normal (ULN and LLN), as well as significantly higher absolute values of forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), were observed in boys than girls; however, the registered FVC and FEV1, expressed as percentages of the predicted values, tended to be lower in boys. The FEV1 z-score difference between boys and girls may suggest a need for more intensive preoperative pulmonary rehabilitation in boys. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Pediatric Spine Health)
21 pages, 14208 KiB  
Article
All Pedicle Screw versus Hybrid Hook–Screw Instrumentation in the Treatment of Thoracic Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis (AIS): A Prospective Comparative Cohort Study
by Athanasios I. Tsirikos and Tristan E. McMillan
Healthcare 2022, 10(8), 1455; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10081455 - 03 Aug 2022
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 1768
Abstract
Background: Posterior spinal correction and fusion remains the most common surgical treatment in AIS. Surgeons currently favour all pedicle screw (AS) correction techniques with alternative implants being less utilised. The purpose of this study was to assess whether a hybrid hook–screw (HS) construct [...] Read more.
Background: Posterior spinal correction and fusion remains the most common surgical treatment in AIS. Surgeons currently favour all pedicle screw (AS) correction techniques with alternative implants being less utilised. The purpose of this study was to assess whether a hybrid hook–screw (HS) construct could achieve similar outcomes. Methods: A single centre, prospective cohort study was conducted. Patients with moderate and severe thoracic AIS (Lenke 1) were included. Clinical and radiological results of a standardised hybrid HS technique were compared with those obtained with an AS construct. All patients had a minimum 2-year follow-up. Results: 160 patients were included in this series (80 patients/group). The HS group had significantly reduced surgical time, blood loss and implant density. Both techniques achieved ≥75% scoliosis correction. The HS group was superior in restoring thoracic kyphosis and global sagittal balance with an average 31% increase in kyphosis compared to 10% with the AS group (p < 0.001). There was significant improvement in SRS-22 scores at 2 years postoperative (p < 0.001) in both groups. There were no neurological or visceral complications related to instrumentation, no detected non-union and no reoperations. The HS implant cost was significantly lower than that of AS, with a mean instrumentation saving of almost £2000/patient. Conclusion: A standardised hybrid HS technique achieved excellent correction of thoracic scoliosis, high patient satisfaction and low complication rates in patients with thoracic AIS. These results were comparable to the AS group. The HS technique achieved better correction of thoracic kyphosis and sagittal balance than the AS technique, together with reduced surgical time, blood loss and implant cost. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Pediatric Spine Health)
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10 pages, 800 KiB  
Article
Gender Mediation in Adolescents’ Back Pain and Physical Fitness: A Cross-Sectional Study
by Noelia González-Gálvez, María Carrasco-Poyatos, Raquel Vaquero-Cristóbal and Pablo J. Marcos-Pardo
Healthcare 2022, 10(4), 696; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10040696 - 08 Apr 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1625
Abstract
There is a lack of studies that analyze the interaction between risk variables as predictors of back pain (BP) in adolescents. The objectives of this study were to examine the relationship between BP and several risk variables, and to analyze the effect of [...] Read more.
There is a lack of studies that analyze the interaction between risk variables as predictors of back pain (BP) in adolescents. The objectives of this study were to examine the relationship between BP and several risk variables, and to analyze the effect of the mediation of gender in this association. This cross-sectional study included n = 617 adolescents (mean age: 14.10 ± 1.18 years old) who completed the BP Adolescent Survey and who performed the bench trunk curl (BTC) and Sorensen (SOR) tests. Males showed a significantly lower prevalence (OR: 0.67) and frequency (contingency coefficient: 1.73) of BP than females, less participation in leisure-time sedentary behaviors (LRSBs) per day of more than 2 h (Cramer’s V: 0.110), a higher sufficient Physical Activity (PA) (Cramer’s V: 0.323) and a higher score in the BTC test (Contingency coefficient: 0.346). A high BTC score indicated significantly lower risk of BP than mid (OR: 1.74; p = 0.025) or low (OR: 1.62; p = 0.022) BTC. The mediation analysis showed a significant indirect effect with a significant value for the Sobel test (z = 7.45 ± 0.111). When the BTC test value was included in the equations, the connection between gender and BP was no longer significant. There was a difference in the prevalence between gender in BP and LRSB and PA. BP was associated with the SOR test. The association between BP and gender was mediated by SOR results. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Pediatric Spine Health)
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Review

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11 pages, 282 KiB  
Review
Neck and Upper Extremity Musculoskeletal Symptoms Secondary to Maladaptive Postures Caused by Cell Phones and Backpacks in School-Aged Children and Adolescents
by Danny G. Warda, Uzoma Nwakibu and Ali Nourbakhsh
Healthcare 2023, 11(6), 819; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11060819 - 10 Mar 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2431
Abstract
Technology is an essential part of our lives. Nowadays, it is almost impossible to leave the house without a cell phone. Despite the wide range of benefits of cell phones and handheld electronic devices, this evolution of technology has not come without a [...] Read more.
Technology is an essential part of our lives. Nowadays, it is almost impossible to leave the house without a cell phone. Despite the wide range of benefits of cell phones and handheld electronic devices, this evolution of technology has not come without a price. The pandemic of cell phone use among children and young adolescents has led to the emergence of a set of musculoskeletal (MSK) symptoms that have not been seen before in this age group. These symptoms can range from neck and shoulder discomfort to pain, peripheral neurological symptoms of the upper extremity, and long-term complications such as disk prolapse and degenerative disk disease of the cervical spine. This clinical presentation is known as “text neck syndrome.” In addition to MSK symptoms, text neck syndrome could also include eye and ear symptoms, psychological problems, peripheral neurological symptoms, and poor academic performance. Multiple mechanisms have been discussed by which cell phone use causes MSK symptoms. Maladaptive postures, a decrease in physical activity leading to obesity, and the direct effect of electromagnetic radiation are some of the mechanisms by which long-term use of cell phones leads to the clinical presentation of text neck syndrome and its long-term consequences. The purpose of this article is to review the literature, discuss the epidemiology of cell phone use and MSK symptoms associated with its use in children and adolescents, describe its clinical presentation, explain the pathophysiology behind it, and provide preventative guidelines that can be used by this age group to allow for the continued use of these electronics without harmful effects on their posture and long-term health. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Pediatric Spine Health)

Other

Jump to: Research, Review

10 pages, 405 KiB  
Protocol
Tools for Assessing Knowledge of Back Health in Adolescents: A Systematic Review Protocol
by Adriana Cristina Fiaschi Ramos, Regina Márcia Ferreira Silva, Thailyne Bizinotto, Leonardo Mateus Teixeira de Rezende, Vicente Miñana-Signes, Manuel Monfort-Pañego, Priscilla Rayanne e Silva Noll and Matias Noll
Healthcare 2022, 10(8), 1591; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10081591 - 22 Aug 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1425
Abstract
Back pain is common in adolescents as a result of their typical daily activities. There is a critical need for developing instruments that can assess the adolescents’ knowledge of proper posture, because adequate postural habits are essential for preventing back pain and facilitating [...] Read more.
Back pain is common in adolescents as a result of their typical daily activities. There is a critical need for developing instruments that can assess the adolescents’ knowledge of proper posture, because adequate postural habits are essential for preventing back pain and facilitating physical well-being. Unfortunately, there is insufficient understanding about appropriate back health in the general public, even though this knowledge is decisive in the development of physical skills and attainment of health literacy. Furthermore, relevant substantive literature is scarce. Therefore, the proposed systematic review aims to identify instruments that are used for assessing knowledge of back health in adolescents. Relevant search terms and descriptors will be combined, and searches will be carried out in a uniform sequence within the PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, and Cochrane Library databases. Eligible articles must present data on the assessment of the adolescents’ knowledge of back health and describe the applied instrumentation. Articles will be selected by two reviewers independently; all disagreements will be resolved by a third reviewer. Mendeley and the Rayyan software will be used for the systematic review, and the checklist proposed by Brink and Louw will be used to verify the methodological quality of the included studies. Our findings may confirm the relevance of constructing and validating back health instruments for use in Brazil and other countries. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Pediatric Spine Health)
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