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Socio-Economic Burden, Gender and Country-Specific Differences Leading to Cardiovascular Diseases
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Socio-Economic Burden, Gender and Country-Specific Differences Leading to Cardiovascular Diseases

A special issue of Healthcare (ISSN 2227-9032). This special issue belongs to the section "Chronic Care".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 15 May 2025 | Viewed by 1061

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Ljupcho Efremov

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
Interests: cancer; obesity; metabolism; heart failure; hypertension

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remain the leading cause of death globally, claiming millions of lives each year. While significant progress has been made in identifying and managing traditional risk factors like high blood pressure, cholesterol, and smoking, there is still much progress to be made in several areas.

Aligning with the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly SDG 3 ("Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages"), further research on cardiovascular risk factors is crucial for:

  • Reducing the global burden of CVDs: By identifying new risk factors, we can develop more effective prevention and treatment strategies, ultimately saving lives and improving overall health outcomes.
  • Promoting health equity: Understanding how social determinants of health, like socioeconomic status and access to healthcare, influence cardiovascular risk can inform targeted interventions and reduce disparities in CVD burden across populations.

Beyond the established risk factors, research needs to delve deeper into areas that have received less attention:

  • Gender differences: The impact of traditional risk factors and the potential for additional gender-specific risk factors require further exploration.
  • Social and environmental factors: Stress, social isolation, air pollution, and dietary patterns all play a role in cardiovascular health, but their nuanced interactions remain under-investigated.
  • Distinct CVD phenotypes: Medical treatment is moving towards a personalized approach, which requires distinct disease phenotypes to be described and comprehensive treatment strategies devised.
  • Life course approach: The early stages of life can significantly impact cardiovascular health later in life. Studying risk factors across the lifespan is crucial for comprehensive prevention.

I am pleased to invite you to contribute to this field with novel findings by addressing these under-researched areas. We can gain a more holistic understanding of cardiovascular risk and develop more effective strategies to prevent and manage this global health challenge. It is time to move beyond a one-size-fits-all approach and tailor our efforts towards achieving SDG 3 and ensuring cardiovascular health for all.

In this Special Issue, original research articles and reviews are both welcome.

I look forward to receiving your contributions.

Dr. Ljupcho Efremov
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Healthcare is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • cardiovascular risk factors
  • social determinants of health
  • personalized prevention for CVD
  • precision medicine for CVD
  • social and environmental interactions
  • early life interventions
  • gender differences in CVD

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

10 pages, 241 KiB  
Article
Bypassing Emergency Service: Decoding the Drivers of Self-Referral During Acute Myocardial Infarction on Rural Areas in Sachsen-Anhalt, Germany
by Karen Holland, Sara L. Lueckmann, Mohamad Assaf and Rafael Mikolajczyk
Healthcare 2024, 12(22), 2234; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare12222234 - 9 Nov 2024
Viewed by 794
Abstract
Background/Objectives: the timely and effective management of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is crucial to improve patient outcomes. ‘Self-Referral’ is defined as instances either where patients arrive at the hospital by their own means or are transported by someone else, rather than through professional [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: the timely and effective management of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is crucial to improve patient outcomes. ‘Self-Referral’ is defined as instances either where patients arrive at the hospital by their own means or are transported by someone else, rather than through professional emergency medical services. This approach can lead to treatment delays and potentially worsen outcomes. This study aims to identify the factors associated with the choice of self-referral among patients with AMI in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. Methods: We used the data from the Regional Myocardial Infarction Registry of Saxony-Anhalt (RHESA), which included 4044 patients with confirmed acute myocardial infarction (AMI), including 48.7% from urban areas (city of Halle) and 51.3% from rural areas (Altmark). The gender distribution was 65% male and 35% female, covering an age range from 25 to over 80 years. Multivariable logistic regression identified factors associated with self-referral and its impact on reaching a hospital with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) capability. Results: Rural residents were more likely to self-refer compared to those in urban settings (adjusted odds ratio 2.43 [95% CI: 2.00–2.94]). Odds of self-referral decreased with age, while metabolic factors, including hypertension, high body mass index (BMI), and diabetes, as well as sex were not associated with self-referral. Self-referral did not increase the odds of arriving in a hospital without PCI capability. (Adjusted odds ratio 1.12 [95% CI: 0.85–1.47]). Furthermore, in cases of self-referral, women did not have a disadvantage in reaching a hospital with PCI (0.91; 0.59–1.41) compared to men. However, in medically attended transports, women were at a disadvantage (odds ratio: 1.33; 95% CI: 1.06–1.67). Conclusions: These findings highlight the need for public education on self-referral and for medical personnel training to prevent gender bias in AMI transport to PCI-capable hospitals. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Socio-Economic Burden, Gender and Country-Specific Differences Leading to Cardiovascular Diseases)
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