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Transcription Regulation in Aging
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Transcription Regulation in Aging

A special issue of Genes (ISSN 2073-4425). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Genetics and Genomics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (25 October 2021) | Viewed by 7594

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Sebastian Iben

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Ulm University Hospital, 89081 Ulm, Germany
Interests: aging; RNA polymerase I; rDNA; rRNA processing; ribosome; translational fidelity; loss of proteostasis; Cockayne syndrome; trichothiodystrophy

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Aging is the inevitable process of functional decline after a period of maturity. It is accompanied by a decrease in functionality of cells, tissues, organs, and organisms. This functional decline is characterized by signaling pathways, the “hallmarks of aging” that include amongst others genomic instability, telomere attrition, senescence, loss of proteostasis, and epigenetic alterations that are directly or indirectly affecting the process of gene expression. Gene expression patterns specify and mirror cellular conditions as an effort to sustain homeostasis and functionality. The initial step of gene expression is transcription of DNA by the RNA polymerases and is, as all processes in the cell, affected by aging. Thus transcription itself is subject to functional decline and decreasing strength of regulation. Transcriptomic data allow researchers to characterize the changes in gene expression patterns that occur during aging and display typical changes. In this issue, we would like to sum up the current knowledge of how aging processes affect the regulation of transcription by the RNA polymerases and thus impact on gene expression and cellular homeostasis.

Dr. Sebastian Iben
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Genes is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • RNA polymerase I,II,III
  • Aging
  • Transcription
  • Transcription elongation
  • Transcription factors
  • lncRNA
  • Gene expression
  • Transcription/splicing
  • miRNA
  • Aging-associated disease

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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19 pages, 3230 KiB  
Article
Aging and Light Stress Result in Overlapping and Unique Gene Expression Changes in Photoreceptors
by Spencer E. Escobedo, Sarah C. Stanhope, Ziyu Dong and Vikki M. Weake
Genes 2022, 13(2), 264; https://doi.org/10.3390/genes13020264 - 29 Jan 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2779
Abstract
Advanced age is one of the leading risk factors for vision loss and eye disease. Photoreceptors are the primary sensory neurons of the eye. The extended photoreceptor cell lifespan, in addition to its high metabolic needs due to phototransduction, makes it critical for [...] Read more.
Advanced age is one of the leading risk factors for vision loss and eye disease. Photoreceptors are the primary sensory neurons of the eye. The extended photoreceptor cell lifespan, in addition to its high metabolic needs due to phototransduction, makes it critical for these neurons to continually respond to the stresses associated with aging by mounting an appropriate gene expression response. Here, we sought to untangle the more general neuronal age-dependent transcriptional signature of photoreceptors with that induced by light stress. To do this, we aged flies or exposed them to various durations of blue light, followed by photoreceptor nuclei-specific transcriptome profiling. Using this approach, we identified genes that are both common and uniquely regulated by aging and light induced stress. Whereas both age and blue light induce expression of DNA repair genes and a neuronal-specific signature of death, both conditions result in downregulation of phototransduction. Interestingly, blue light uniquely induced genes that directly counteract the overactivation of the phototransduction signaling cascade. Lastly, unique gene expression changes in aging photoreceptors included the downregulation of genes involved in membrane potential homeostasis and mitochondrial function, as well as the upregulation of immune response genes. We propose that light stress contributes to the aging transcriptome of photoreceptors, but that there are also other environmental or intrinsic factors involved in age-associated photoreceptor gene expression signatures. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Transcription Regulation in Aging)
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Other

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9 pages, 805 KiB  
Opinion
Secreted Protein Acidic and Rich in Cysteine as an Exercise-Induced Gene: Towards Novel Molecular Therapies for Immobilization-Related Muscle Atrophy in Elderly Patients
by Abdelaziz Ghanemi, Mayumi Yoshioka and Jonny St-Amand
Genes 2022, 13(6), 1014; https://doi.org/10.3390/genes13061014 - 04 Jun 2022
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2239
Abstract
Long periods of immobilization, among other etiologies, would result is muscle atrophy. Exercise is the best approach to reverse this atrophy. However, the limited or the non-ability to perform the required physical activity for such patients and the limited pharmacological options make developing [...] Read more.
Long periods of immobilization, among other etiologies, would result is muscle atrophy. Exercise is the best approach to reverse this atrophy. However, the limited or the non-ability to perform the required physical activity for such patients and the limited pharmacological options make developing novel therapeutic approaches a necessity. Within this context, secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC) has been characterized as an exercise-induced gene. Whereas the knock-out of this gene leads to a phenotype that mimics number of the ageing-induced and sarcopenia-related changes including muscle atrophy, overexpressing SPARC in mice or adding it to muscular cell culture produces similar effects as exercise including enhanced muscle mass, strength and metabolism. Therefore, this piece of writing aims to provide evidence supporting the potential use of SPARC/SPARC as a molecular therapy for muscle atrophy in the context of immobilization especially for elderly patients. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Transcription Regulation in Aging)
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5 pages, 1227 KiB  
Opinion
Genetic Expression between Ageing and Exercise: Secreted Protein Acidic and Rich in Cysteine as a Potential “Exercise Substitute” Antiageing Therapy
by Abdelaziz Ghanemi, Mayumi Yoshioka and Jonny St-Amand
Genes 2022, 13(6), 950; https://doi.org/10.3390/genes13060950 - 26 May 2022
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 1928
Abstract
Ageing is the effect of time on biological entities. It represents a risk factor for a variety of diseases and health disorders; thus, therapeutic options are required to tackle ageing issues. Modern geriatric medicine prescribes exercise to counteract ageing effects. This work presents [...] Read more.
Ageing is the effect of time on biological entities. It represents a risk factor for a variety of diseases and health disorders; thus, therapeutic options are required to tackle ageing issues. Modern geriatric medicine prescribes exercise to counteract ageing effects. This work presents secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC) as a potential antiageing therapy. Indeed, SPARC declines with ageing, exercise induces SPARC, and SPARC overexpression in mice mimics exercise. Thus, we hypothesize that SPARC is an exercise-induced factor that is beyond—at least part of—the antiageing effects induced by exercise. This could become a potential antiageing therapy for the elderly that counteracts ageing by mimicking the effects of exercise without needing to perform exercise. This is of particular importance because ageing usually reduces mobility and age-related diseases can reduce the ability to perform the required physical activity. On the other hand, the possibilities of mimicking exercise benefits via SPARC are not limited to ageing, and can be applied in various contexts in which exercise cannot be performed because of physical disabilities, health disorders, or limited mobility. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Transcription Regulation in Aging)
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