Biomass-Based Gels

A special issue of Gels (ISSN 2310-2861). This special issue belongs to the section "Gel Chemistry and Physics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 September 2026 | Viewed by 1920

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA
Interests: hydrogels; cellulose; sensing; polymer
Faculty of Health Sciences and Sports, Macao Polytechnic University, Macau 999078, China
Interests: drug delivery system; nanoparticles; nanoemulsions; nanocomposites; hydrogels
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The increasing need for continuous, comfortable, and environmentally responsible health monitoring has accelerated interest in biomass-derived gels as next-generation sensing materials. Hydrogels and organogels made from renewable polymers—cellulose, chitosan, alginate, gelatin, lignin, and other biopolymers—offer tissue-like mechanics, intrinsic biocompatibility, and tunable chemistries that make them ideal interfaces for capturing physiological signals (strain, pressure, temperature, bioelectric activity, and chemical biomarkers). Beyond performance, their biodegradability and potential for closed-loop recycling address growing concerns about electronic waste in wearable and implantable devices.

This Special Issue seeks original research and authoritative reviews that advance the design, characterization, and application of biomass-based gels for physiological sensing. Relevant topics include but are not limited to the following: novel biomass sources and green extraction methods; molecular and supramolecular strategies for conductivity and signal transduction (e.g., ionic networks, redox polymers, conductive fillers); mechanical tuning (stretchability, toughness, self-healing); responsive and multifunctional gels (self-powered, adhesive, antimicrobial); theoretical and multiscale models linking structure to sensing function; biocompatibility, long-term stability, and in vivo validation; and scalable processing toward device integration and manufacturing. Interdisciplinary contributions that combine materials chemistry, device engineering, and biological evaluation are especially encouraged.

We invite authors to submit experimental studies, computational insights, device demonstrations, perspectives, and critical reviews that collectively chart pathways from sustainable polymer design to reliable, high-performance biosensing systems. This collection aims to accelerate translational research that couples high-sensing performance with ecological responsibility.

Dr. Xia Sun
Dr. Tao Yi
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Gels is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2100 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • biomass-based gels
  • physiological signal detection
  • biopolymers (cellulose, chitosan)
  • wearable biosensors
  • sustainable/biodegradable materials

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

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20 pages, 3029 KB  
Article
Sustainable Date Palm Biomass Hydrogel Improves Soil Hydro-Physical Properties and Tomato Growth Under Arid Conditions
by Gamareldawla H. D. Agbna and Syed Javaid Zaidi
Gels 2026, 12(2), 183; https://doi.org/10.3390/gels12020183 - 22 Feb 2026
Viewed by 713
Abstract
Water scarcity, rapid soil moisture loss, and high evaporative demand severely limit vegetable production in arid regions such as Qatar. Sustainable soil amendments that enhance water retention and stabilize plant water status are therefore critical for improving productivity. This study evaluated a biodegradable [...] Read more.
Water scarcity, rapid soil moisture loss, and high evaporative demand severely limit vegetable production in arid regions such as Qatar. Sustainable soil amendments that enhance water retention and stabilize plant water status are therefore critical for improving productivity. This study evaluated a biodegradable hydrogel synthesized from date-palm leaf cellulose using a sodium alginate crosslinking method and assessed its effects on soil hydro-physical properties and tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) performance under arid conditions. A pot experiment was conducted under semi-controlled conditions using a single-factor randomized complete design with three hydrogel rates (0, 1, and 2% w/w) and three replications, with one plant per pot. All treatments received the same seasonal irrigation depth, scheduled when soil moisture declined to approximately 60–65% of field capacity. The hydrogel exhibited rapid hydration behavior, reaching equilibrium within 30–60 min with a swelling ratio of 5.659 g g−1, corresponding to a water uptake of 465.9%, and SEM analysis revealed a porous internal structure favorable for water retention. At 1 and 2% application rates, hydrogel significantly reduced bulk density, increased total porosity and field capacity, and maintained higher soil moisture across irrigation cycles. Tomato plants grown in hydrogel-amended pots showed substantial gains in fresh biomass and root length, together with higher chlorophyll content, leaf nitrogen concentration, and relative water content. Water use efficiency improved significantly at 1% hydrogel, whereas the 2% rate showed a positive but non-significant trend. Overall, the results demonstrate that hydrogels derived from date-palm waste can enhance soil water retention, plant physiological status, and tomato productivity, offering a locally relevant strategy to improve agricultural resilience in arid environments. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomass-Based Gels)
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Review

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21 pages, 3785 KB  
Review
Recent Progress in Adsorption Removal of Heavy Metal Ions from Wastewater Using Biomass-Based Materials
by Chenxi Sui, Wantong Xie, Yujing Bian and Xiang Li
Gels 2026, 12(4), 311; https://doi.org/10.3390/gels12040311 - 5 Apr 2026
Viewed by 897
Abstract
Heavy metal pollution poses a serious threat to water resource security and ecological health, due to its high toxicity, persistence, and bioaccumulation. Accordingly, it is crucial to develop efficient, low-cost, and environmentally friendly adsorption materials. Biomass-based materials, as a widely available, renewable, and [...] Read more.
Heavy metal pollution poses a serious threat to water resource security and ecological health, due to its high toxicity, persistence, and bioaccumulation. Accordingly, it is crucial to develop efficient, low-cost, and environmentally friendly adsorption materials. Biomass-based materials, as a widely available, renewable, and low-cost natural organic resource, exhibit significant advantages for water pollutant adsorption and removal due to their unique porous structures and abundant active functional groups. This review systematically summarizes the classification strategies, fabrication methodologies, and adsorption performances of biomass-based materials for aqueous heavy metal ion removal. Key factors governing adsorption behavior, including solution pH, temperature, initial ion concentration, and adsorbent dosage, are critically analyzed to elucidate structure–property–performance correlations. Particular emphasis is placed on the underlying adsorption mechanisms, encompassing physical adsorption, surface complexation, ion exchange, electrostatic interactions, and synergistic interfacial effects. By integrating recent advances in material design and mechanistic understanding, this review provides a comprehensive framework bridging fundamental research and practical implementation, and highlights future opportunities for engineering next-generation sustainable biomass adsorbents toward efficient heavy metal ion decontamination. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomass-Based Gels)
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