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Basic and Translational Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease

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A special issue of Gastroenterology Insights (ISSN 2036-7422). This special issue belongs to the section "Gastrointestinal Disease".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 July 2023) | Viewed by 6705

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Special Issue Editor

Dr. Pugazhendhi Srinivasan

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Guest Editor

School of Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66103, USA
Interests: chronic inflammation; microbiome; genomics; metabolomics; nutrition
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a heterogenous chronic inflammatory disease of unknown etiology afflicting large and small intestines. There has been significant progress in understanding IBD’s pathogenesis and the various mechanisms involved in it. IBD is largely classified into Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis.

The complex disease mechanisms of IBD appear to be influenced by gene–environment interactions. Large-scale, exploratory “omics” studies have significantly contributed to unraveling these complex mechanisms. Genome-wide association studies provided an early breakthrough in identifying defects in innate immune genes as one of the disease mechanisms. This was followed by various studies on systemic and intestinal immune responses, population genetics, gut microbiota, and environmental factors that greatly helped to improve the knowledge in this area. Exploratory studies are critical to finding novel disease mechanisms, and targeted studies are needed to confirm those mechanisms and provide deeper insights.

There are many remaining gaps in our understanding of IBD that ought to be addressed by basic research studies to identify the causative factors; furthermore, translational studies should be designed to overcome those. This Special Issue invites the submission of both basic and translational research studies involving animal models and human subjects contributing to this field of research.

Dr. Pugazhendhi Srinivasan
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Gastroenterology Insights is an international peer-reviewed open access quarterly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 1600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

inflammatory bowel disease
intestinal immunity
gut microbiome
genotyping
metabolomics
colitis

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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9 pages, 975 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Magnetic Resonance Enterography Reinvented: Exploring the Potential of a New Natural Beverage as an Alternative to Polyethylene Glycol Solution

by Matteo Renzulli, Maria Adriana Cocozza, Maurizio Biselli, Arrigo Cattabriga, Nicolò Brandi, Ferdinando Antonino Giannone, Marco Storchi, Paolo Gionchetti, Gilberto Poggioli, Silvio Laureti, Rita Golfieri and Alberta Cappelli

Gastroenterol. Insights 2023, 14(3), 318-326; https://doi.org/10.3390/gastroent14030023 - 04 Aug 2023

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Abstract

The aim of the present study was to test a new oral contrast medium composed of natural components for the magnetic resonance (MR) imaging of small bowel diseases. Between January 2018 and June 2019, 35 patients affected by ileocolic Crohn’s disease (CD) were enrolled in the present study. Each patient underwent two sequential MR enterographies, first with the standard polyethylene glycol (PEG) water solution and, after 3 weeks, with the new natural beverage designed by our team. At the end of the administration of each oral contrast, a satisfaction survey was given to the patients to assess the palatability of both beverages. The intestinal distention and the quality of images were evaluated by two expert radiologists for both studies and the interreader agreement was calculated. According to the satisfaction questionnaire, 97.1% of patients expressed positive judgments regarding the natural beverage (71.4% very good and 25.7% good) whereas only 8.6% of them appreciated the PEG water solution (8.6% good) (p = 0.0001). The degree of intestinal distention was excellent and good in 97.1% of patients after the administration of PEG and in 94.3% of the patients after the administration of the natural beverage, without significant differences between the two products and with almost perfect (k = 0.821) and substantial (k = 0.754) inter-observer variability, respectively. No statistical differences were observed between the two expert radiologists regarding the evaluation of the imaging quality; in particular, they were considered good and excellent in 100% of patients after the administration of PEG water solution and in 97.2% of those who took the natural beverage, with substantial (k = 0.618) and almost perfect (k = 0.858) inter-observer variability, respectively. The new natural beverage demonstrated the same intestinal distension and excellent image quality compared to the synthetic standard oral contrast administered during MRE for small bowel diseases, proving to be a valid alternative with better palatability. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Basic and Translational Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease)

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10 pages, 710 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Relationship between Undernutrition and Anemia in Patients with Ulcerative Colitis

by Yury P. Uspenskiy, Sergei V. Ivanov, Alexander S. Krasichkov, Michael M. Galagudza and Yulia A. Fominykh

Gastroenterol. Insights 2023, 14(1), 27-36; https://doi.org/10.3390/gastroent14010003 - 29 Dec 2022

Viewed by 2144

Abstract

This study aimed to assess the relationship between malnutrition and anemia in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC). The cross-sectional retrospective study included 80 patients with UC. Body mass index and total body fat mass were derived retrospectively from bioimpedance measurements. Anemia was diagnosed retrospectively according to WHO criteria. A binary logistic regression was performed to study the relationship between nutritional status parameters and anemia, and adjusted for demographic and disease-associated characteristics. The prevalence of anemia in the study population was 40.0%. Among all included patients, 86.3% had acute disease corresponding to S1–S3 disease behavior. In the adjusted binary logistic model, total serum protein level below 64 g/L and low body fat percentage were associated with high odds for the of development of anemia, with odds ratios of 5.1 (95% CI 1.5; 17.8; p = 0.01) and 8.5 (95% CI 1.1; 63.6; p = 0.037), respectively. The adjusted model included sex, age, disease activity, extent of gut involvement, quantity of relapses from disease onset, and treatment with immunosuppressive drugs as confounders. Hypoproteinemia and low body fat percentage were associated with anemia in patients with UC. These results suggested that undernutrition may be involved as one of the causative factors of anemia in UC. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Basic and Translational Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease)

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Other

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19 pages, 2250 KiB

Open AccessSystematic Review

Systematic Review of Endoscopic Management of Stricture, Fistula and Abscess in Inflammatory Bowel Disease

by Partha Pal, Swathi Kanaganti, Rupa Banerjee, Mohan Ramchandani, Zaheer Nabi, Duvvuru Nageshwar Reddy and Manu Tandan

Gastroenterol. Insights 2023, 14(1), 45-63; https://doi.org/10.3390/gastroent14010006 - 13 Feb 2023

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 3136

Abstract

Background: Interventional inflammatory bowel disease (IIBD) therapies can play a key role in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) related stricture/fistula/abscess deferring or avoiding invasive surgery. Methods: A total of 112 studies pertaining to IIBD therapy for strictures/fistula/abscess between 2002 and December 2022 were included by searching Pubmed, Medline and Embase with a focus on technical/clinical success, recurrence, re-intervention and complications. Results: IIBD therapy for strictures include endoscopic balloon dilation (EBD), endoscopic stricturotomy (ES) and self-expanding metal stent (SEMS) placement. EBD is the primary therapy for short strictures while ES and SEMS can be used for refractory strictures. ES has higher long-term efficacy than EBD. SEMS is inferior to EBD although it can be useful in long, refractory strictures. Fistula therapy includes endoscopic incision and drainage (perianal fistula)/endoscopic seton (simple, low fistula) and endoscopic ultrasound-guided drainage (pelvic abscess). Fistulotomy can be done for short, superficial, single tract, bowel-bowel fistula. Endoscopic injection of filling agents (fistula plug/glue/stem cell) is feasible although durability is unknown. Endoscopic closure therapies like over-the-scope clips (OTSC), suturing and SEMS should be avoided for de-novo/bowel to hollow organ fistulas. Conclusion: IIBD therapies have the potential to act as a bridge between medical and surgical therapy for properly selected IBD-related stricture/fistula/abscess although future controlled studies are warranted. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Basic and Translational Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease)

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