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Fire
Special Issues
Advanced Analysis of Jet Flames and Combustion
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Advanced Analysis of Jet Flames and Combustion

A special issue of Fire (ISSN 2571-6255).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 August 2026 | Viewed by 3789

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Shixiang Liu

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
Interests: jet flame; flame instability
Dr. Jingwu Wang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Hefei Institute for Public Safety Research, Tsinghua University, 5999 Xiyou Road, Hefei 230601, China
Interests: jet fire; fire numerical simulation

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Jet flame is a crucial and highly destructive type of fire in the fields of industrial safety, combustion science, and energy engineering. Its unique turbulent combustion characteristics, complex interaction with air, and intense thermal radiation towards target objects pose significant research challenges. Even though some classical theories and models have been developed, jet fire combustion is still a complicated problem involving chemical reaction dynamics, mixing of fuel and air, fluid mechanics, heat transfer, etc. Consequently, the advanced analysis of jet flame and combustion deserves further investigation and deep discussion.

This Special Issue aims to gather the latest global research to deepen the understanding of the physical mechanisms of jet fire and promote its application in safety engineering. It mainly focuses on advanced analyses of fundamental and applied research of experiments, theoretical analysis, and numerical simulation that contribute to the knowledge on combustion behaviors, thermal disaster, fire control, and modeling of jet flame.

Original research articles, short communications, and review articles are welcome. The themes of this Special Issue include, but are not limited to, the following:

  • Fundamental mechanisms: turbulent combustion, flame stability, soot and radiation model;
  • Experimental research: large/small-scale experiments, advanced diagnostic techniques;
  • Numerical simulation: numerical techniques, modeling approaches;
  • Industrial applications and safety: gas leakage fire, hydrogen, fire control.

Dr. Shixiang Liu
Dr. Jingwu Wang
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 250 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for assessment.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Fire is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • jet flame
  • flame instability
  • fire dynamics
  • flame thermal property
  • combustion mechanism
  • modeling approaches
  • advanced diagnostic techniques
  • turbulent combustion

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Further information on MDPI's Special Issue policies can be found here.

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

27 pages, 3461 KB  
Article
Energetic Characterization of 3-D Printed Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene Fuels for Hybrid Rocket Propulsion Applications
by Stephen A. Whitmore, Ryan J. Thibaudeau and Ava T. Wilkey
Fire 2026, 9(5), 177; https://doi.org/10.3390/fire9050177 - 22 Apr 2026
Viewed by 2328
Abstract
Hybrid rocket technologies are gaining recognition as eco-friendly alternatives to traditional propulsion systems. Utah State University’s Propulsion Research Laboratory has developed a High-Performance Green Hybrid Propulsion (HPGHP) technology, leveraging 3D-printed ABS fuel for reliable, low-energy ignition. Among tested materials, only ABS shows suitable [...] Read more.
Hybrid rocket technologies are gaining recognition as eco-friendly alternatives to traditional propulsion systems. Utah State University’s Propulsion Research Laboratory has developed a High-Performance Green Hybrid Propulsion (HPGHP) technology, leveraging 3D-printed ABS fuel for reliable, low-energy ignition. Among tested materials, only ABS shows suitable electrical-breakdown properties for arc ignition. Unfortunately, due to the proprietary formulations in commercial ABS blends, and its limited use as a rocket-propellant, related composition and combustion data are limited. This study uses spectroscopic evaluation and bomb calorimetry to estimate material compositions, enthalpies of formation, and combustion energies for multiple commercially available 3-D print feed stock ABS types, finding minimal differences amongst the samples tested. Based on these test results, “representative” ABS properties including chemical formula, mean molecular weight, enthalpy of formation, and Higher Heating Value, is recommended. Follow-on tests with 5 alternative, commonly used, 3D-printable thermoplastic feed stocks demonstrate that ABS has significantly higher energy content. This result supports ABS’s advantages and utility as a conveniently fabricated hybrid rocket fuel. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Analysis of Jet Flames and Combustion)
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28 pages, 7709 KB  
Article
Experimental Results on Natural Gas and Liquefied Petroleum Gas Lean Burning in a Diesel Engine Retrofitted for Spark Ignition
by Robert Marian Popa, Adrian Clenci, Julien Berquez, Rodica Niculescu and Cătălin Magheru
Fire 2026, 9(4), 165; https://doi.org/10.3390/fire9040165 - 13 Apr 2026
Viewed by 1081
Abstract
As part of efforts to support the transition toward a zero-carbon future, this research evaluates how the use of natural gas and liquefied petroleum gas under lean burn conditions affects the energy efficiency and environmental outcomes of a diesel engine that has been [...] Read more.
As part of efforts to support the transition toward a zero-carbon future, this research evaluates how the use of natural gas and liquefied petroleum gas under lean burn conditions affects the energy efficiency and environmental outcomes of a diesel engine that has been retrofitted to operate with spark ignition. The assessment of the ecological potential of these low-carbon gaseous fuels was performed at the engine test bed at optimum spark advance set from the condition of achieving maximum brake thermal efficiency (i.e., lowest carbon dioxide emission, CO2). The results found with lean mixtures are compared to those obtained under stoichiometric conditions, as well as to those from a commercial gasoline engine of comparable size, equally operated at stoichiometry. With lean burning, a clear improvement is observed for all operating points in terms of brake thermal efficiency with respect to the stoichiometric operation. The results highlight a slightly greater improvement when operating with natural gas lean mixtures: between (1.35 and 2.35) percentage points gained in this case, compared to (1.15–2.10) percentage points gained in the case of liquefied petroleum gas. As for CO2, a maximum 28% reduction when using natural gas is achieved with lean operation with respect to the commercial gasoline engine. Using lean mixtures also brings an important reduction in the engine-out pollutants (carbon monoxide, nitric oxides and particulate number). However, with respect to stoichiometric operation, cyclic variability of the prototype degrades with lean burning but remains lower than one of the baseline commercial gasoline engines. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Analysis of Jet Flames and Combustion)
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