Advances in Coronaviruses Research: Important Emerging Human Pathogens

A special issue of Diseases (ISSN 2079-9721). This special issue belongs to the section "Infectious Disease".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 June 2016) | Viewed by 53207

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, Singapore
Interests: coronavirus; dengue virus; replication mechanisms; pathogenesis; virus-host interaction; anti-viral innate immunity

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Coronaviruses have been associated with human and animal diseases for many years. Human coronaviruses OC43 (HCoV-OC43) and 229E (HCoV-229E), the two community-acquired human coronaviruses, were recognized to cause a mild, self-limited respiratory infection (common cold) in human in the middle 1960s. This list of ‘low’ pathogenic coronaviruses was recently expanded by the addition of two human coronaviruses, human coronavirus NL63 (HCoV-NL63) in 2004 and HCoV-HKU1 in 2005. With the discovery of the two highly pathogenic, zoonotic coronaviruses, the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) in 2003 and the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) in 2013, coronavirus infection is now emerging as a global public health concern.

The six human coronaviruses identified so far cause diseases with a range of clinical manifestations from mild respiratory infections to severe acute respiratory syndrome. This Special Issue provides an Open Access opportunity to publish research and review articles on human coronaviruses as emerging human pathogens. The focus will be put on a comprehensive review of current literature on viral pathogenesis, virus-host interaction and viral mechanisms to regulate host antiviral responses.

Assoc. Prof. Ding Xiang Liu
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • human coronaviruses
  • emerging pathogens
  • replication
  • pathogenesis
  • virus-host interactions
  • anti-viral immunity

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Review

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3393 KiB  
Review
Distribution and Evolutionary History of the Mobile Genetic Element s2m in Coronaviruses
by Torstein Tengs and Christine M. Jonassen
Diseases 2016, 4(3), 27; https://doi.org/10.3390/diseases4030027 - 28 Jul 2016
Cited by 27 | Viewed by 6886
Abstract
The mobile genetic element s2m has been described in several families of single-stranded RNA viruses. The function remains elusive, but an increasing number of s2m-containing sequences are being deposited in publicly available databases. Currently, more than 700 coronavirus sequences containing s2m can be [...] Read more.
The mobile genetic element s2m has been described in several families of single-stranded RNA viruses. The function remains elusive, but an increasing number of s2m-containing sequences are being deposited in publicly available databases. Currently, more than 700 coronavirus sequences containing s2m can be found in GenBank, including the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus genome. This is an updated review of the pattern of s2m in coronaviruses, the possible functional implications and the evolutionary history. Full article
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3516 KiB  
Review
Human Coronaviruses: A Review of Virus–Host Interactions
by Yvonne Xinyi Lim, Yan Ling Ng, James P. Tam and Ding Xiang Liu
Diseases 2016, 4(3), 26; https://doi.org/10.3390/diseases4030026 - 25 Jul 2016
Cited by 383 | Viewed by 38309
Abstract
Human coronaviruses (HCoVs) are known respiratory pathogens associated with a range of respiratory outcomes. In the past 14 years, the onset of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) have thrust HCoVs into spotlight of the research [...] Read more.
Human coronaviruses (HCoVs) are known respiratory pathogens associated with a range of respiratory outcomes. In the past 14 years, the onset of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) have thrust HCoVs into spotlight of the research community due to their high pathogenicity in humans. The study of HCoV-host interactions has contributed extensively to our understanding of HCoV pathogenesis. In this review, we discuss some of the recent findings of host cell factors that might be exploited by HCoVs to facilitate their own replication cycle. We also discuss various cellular processes, such as apoptosis, innate immunity, ER stress response, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) pathway that may be modulated by HCoVs. Full article
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Other

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1464 KiB  
Brief Report
Detection of Alphacoronavirus vRNA in the Feces of Brazilian Free-Tailed Bats (Tadarida brasiliensis) from a Colony in Florida, USA
by Tania S. Bonny, John P. Driver, Taylor Paisie, Marco Salemi, John Glenn Morris, Lisa A. Shender, Lisa Smith, Carolyn Enloe, Kevin Oxenrider, Jeffery A. Gore, Julia C. Loeb, Chang-Yu Wu and John A. Lednicky
Diseases 2017, 5(1), 7; https://doi.org/10.3390/diseases5010007 - 27 Feb 2017
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 7141
Abstract
Bats are natural reservoirs of coronaviruses and other viruses with zoonotic potential. Florida has indigenous non-migratory populations of Brazilian free-tailed bats (Tadarida brasiliensis) that mostly roost in colonies in artificial structures. Unlike their counterparts in Brazil and Mexico, the viruses harbored [...] Read more.
Bats are natural reservoirs of coronaviruses and other viruses with zoonotic potential. Florida has indigenous non-migratory populations of Brazilian free-tailed bats (Tadarida brasiliensis) that mostly roost in colonies in artificial structures. Unlike their counterparts in Brazil and Mexico, the viruses harbored by the Florida bats have been underexplored. We report the detection of an alphacoronavirus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) gene sequence in the feces of two of 19 different T. brasiliensis that were capture/release bats that had been evaluated for overall health. The RdRp sequence is similar but not identical to previously detected sequences in the feces of two different species of bats (T. brasiliensis and Molossus molossus) in Brazil. In common with the experience of others doing similar work, attempts to isolate the virus in cell cultures were unsuccessful. We surmise that this and highly related alphacoronavirus are carried by Brazilian free-tailed bats living in a wide eco-spatial region. As various coronaviruses (CoVs) that affect humans emerged from bats, our study raises the question whether CoVs such as the one detected in our work are yet-to-be-detected pathogens of humans and animals other than bats. Full article
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