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Viral Hepatitis: Diagnosis, Treatment and Management
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Viral Hepatitis: Diagnosis, Treatment and Management

A special issue of Diseases (ISSN 2079-9721).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 August 2025 | Viewed by 968

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Veysel Tahan

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Northeast Ohio Medical University (NEOMED), Ohio, Charleston Area Medical Center (CAMC) Memorial Hospital, Charleston, WV, USA
Interests: abdominal pain; bloating; bloody stool; celiac disease; Clostridium difficile colitis (C. diff); constipation; Crohn’s disease; diarrhea; dysphagia; gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD); hepatitis C; inflammatory bowel disease (IBD); irritable bowel syndrome (IBS); liver diseases; nausea; pancreatitis; nutrition; vomiting; colon cancer screening
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Resat Ozaras

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Bahcesehir Liv Hospital, Istinye University, Istanbul, Türkiye
Interests: infectious disease; liver diseases

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

We are pleased to invite you to contribute our Special Issue entitled “Viral Hepatitis: Diagnosis, Treatment and Management”. Viral hepatitis is a main public health concern that can become chronic, and eventually lead to end-stage liver disease. Viral hepatitis is also one of the leading indications for liver transplantation. Hepatitis can be classified into acute and chronic based on the duration of the inflammation in the liver. Depending on the etiology of hepatitis, the severity of acute hepatitis can range from mild and self-limiting to severe illness requiring liver transplantation.

Viral hepatitis is most frequently caused by hepatitis A virus (HAV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), and hepatitis C virus (HCV). These three viruses can lead to an acute disease with signs and symptoms of nausea, abdominal pain, fatigue, malaise, and jaundice. Other viruses known to cause hepatitis include hepatitis D virus (HDV) and hepatitis E virus (HEV). Acute infection with HBV and HCV can lead to chronic infection. For HDV infection to occur, HBV infection must have occurred previously or concurrently. Chronic hepatitis may lead to the development of liver fibrosis, cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, and portal hypertension, corresponding to significant morbidity and mortality.

This Special Issue aims to reveal the current evidence for the diagnosis, treatment and management of acute and chronic viral hepatitis. It aims to discuss the challenges associated with screening, diagnosis, referral of viral hepatitis and current and future treatment options and areas of potential research interests.

In this Special Issue, original research articles and reviews are welcome. Research areas may include (but are not limited to) the following:

  • Screening and diagnosis of viral hepatitis.
  • Diagnosis and management of acute hepatitides (A, B, C, D, E);
  • Diagnosis and management of chronic hepatitides (B, C, D);
  • Prevention of reactivation of HBV infection;
  • Management of coinfections (HBV/HCV, HBV-HIV, HCV/HIV);
  • Management of chronic HBV and HCV infections in special patient groups;
  • Management of cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, and portal hypertension.

Dr. Veysel Tahan
Dr. Resat Ozaras
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Diseases is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 1800 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • viral hepatitis
  • acute hepatitides (A, B, C, D, E)
  • chronic hepatitides (B, C, D)
  • HBV infection
  • HBV/HCV
  • HBV-HIV
  • HCV/HIV
  • cirrhosis
  • hepatocellular carcinoma
  • portal hypertension

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Further information on MDPI's Special Issue policies can be found here.

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Review

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18 pages, 3589 KiB  
Review
Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Comprehensive Review
by Nisar Amin, Javaria Anwar, Abdullahi Sulaiman, Nadia Nikolaeva Naumova and Nadeem Anwar
Diseases 2025, 13(7), 207; https://doi.org/10.3390/diseases13070207 - 2 Jul 2025
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the sixth most common malignancy globally and remains one of the leading causes of cancer-related mortality. Its incidence continues to rise worldwide, and it is currently the fastest-growing cancer by incidence in the United States. HCC most often arises [...] Read more.
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the sixth most common malignancy globally and remains one of the leading causes of cancer-related mortality. Its incidence continues to rise worldwide, and it is currently the fastest-growing cancer by incidence in the United States. HCC most often arises in the context of chronic liver disease, particularly cirrhosis. While chronic viral hepatitis (hepatitis B and C) has traditionally been the primary etiologic factor, recent advances in antiviral therapies and prevention strategies have shifted the epidemiological landscape. Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) and alcohol-related liver disease are increasingly prominent risk factors, especially in Western populations. This shift underscores the need for targeted risk factor modification, improved early detection, and enhanced surveillance protocols. The management of HCC necessitates a multidisciplinary approach, incorporating locoregional therapies, surgical resection, liver transplantation, and systemic therapies for advanced-stage disease. Recent advances in systemic treatments, including immune checkpoint inhibitors and combination therapies, have transformed the therapeutic landscape. Despite these developments, significant challenges persist in optimizing treatment, identifying predictive biomarkers, and personalizing therapy. Ongoing research is focused on refining molecular classifications and advancing precision medicine strategies to improve outcomes. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the etiology, surveillance strategies, diagnostic approaches, molecular features, and current treatment modalities for HCC. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Viral Hepatitis: Diagnosis, Treatment and Management)
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13 pages, 1684 KiB  
Systematic Review
Efficacy and Safety of Adding Ribavirin to Sofosbuvir-Based Direct-Acting Antivirals (DAAs) in Re-Treating Non-Genotype 1 Hepatitis C—A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
by Shahd Hamran, Amani A. Al-Rajhi, Kawthar Jasim, Majed A. Al-Theyab, Mohamed Elahtam, Mooza K. Al-Hail, Wadha Al-Fahaidi, Yaman A. Khamis, Yara Dweidri, Abdel-Naser Elzouki and Tawanda Chivese
Diseases 2025, 13(5), 138; https://doi.org/10.3390/diseases13050138 - 29 Apr 2025
Viewed by 623
Abstract
Background: There is still debate whether ribavirin should be added to direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) for the management of treatment-experienced individuals with non-genotype-1 hepatitis C. This study compared the efficacy and safety of adding ribavirin to sofosbuvir-based combinations compared to sofosbuvir-based regimens alone in [...] Read more.
Background: There is still debate whether ribavirin should be added to direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) for the management of treatment-experienced individuals with non-genotype-1 hepatitis C. This study compared the efficacy and safety of adding ribavirin to sofosbuvir-based combinations compared to sofosbuvir-based regimens alone in treating non-genotype 1 hepatitis C virus (HCV) in individuals who have been previously treated. Methods: We searched Cochrane CENTRAL, PubMed, SCOPUS, CINAHL and preprint databases from inception to September 2023 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that compared sofosbuvir-based regimens with ribavirin to sofosbuvir-based regimens alone in previously treated individuals with non-genotype 1 HCV infection. Data extraction and quality of study assessments were performed by two independent authors, and synthesis was performed using bias-adjusted models, heterogeneity using I2, and publication bias using funnel plots. Results: Eight RCTs compared sofosbuvir-based combinations with and without ribavirin were included. Overall, the addition of ribavirin to sofosbuvir, compared to sofosbuvir alone, did not show a benefit in achieving sustained virological response (SVR) (OR 0.91, 95% CI 0.26–3.17, I2 = 70.0%) with moderate certainty in Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) evidence. In subgroup analysis, there was no benefit of adding ribavirin to sofosbuvir in individuals with non-genotype 1 HCV. The additional ribavirin was associated with increased adverse events (OR 2.03, 95% CI 1.58–2.6, I2 = 8.0%) and treatment discontinuation (OR 1.81, 95% CI 0.78–4.28, I2 = 0.0%). Conclusions: The moderate certainty evidence suggests that adding ribavirin to sofosbuvir-based regimens may not confer benefit in achieving SVR in previously treated individuals with non-genotype 1 HCV but increases the odds of adverse events and treatment discontinuation. More evidence is needed on the effect of additional ribavirin in achieving SVR in individuals with decompensated cirrhosis. Registration: The protocol is registered on the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) (CRD42022368868). Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Viral Hepatitis: Diagnosis, Treatment and Management)
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