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Computation
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Advances in Crash Simulations: Modeling, Analysis, and Applications
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Advances in Crash Simulations: Modeling, Analysis, and Applications

A special issue of Computation (ISSN 2079-3197). This special issue belongs to the section "Computational Engineering".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 April 2025 | Viewed by 3730

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Andrés Amador Garcia-Granada

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Grup d’Enginyeria en Producte Industrial (GEPI), Institut Químic de Sarrià, Universitat Ramon Llull, Via Augusta 390, 08017 Barcelona, Spain
Interests: CAD-CAE-CAM and test for crash-impact; material behaviour modelisation; 3D print
Prof. Dr. Hirpa G. Lemu

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Stavanger, N-4036 Stavanger, Norway
Interests: additive manufacturing; computational methods in engineering; design optimization; finite element analysis; simulation-driven optimization; performance of energy converters; renewable energy
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Crash simulations are requested to reduce the cost and development time of energy absorption solutions. The increasing number of legislations for different countries requires the use of robust simulations. In automotive industry many components are subjected to requirements for impacts with low energy such as pedestrian impacts and high energy such as frontal offset crash. In automotive industry passive safety requires the development of restraint systems with reduced simulations such sled tests. Also airbag models and many complex materials require specific models. With this special issue we want to concentrate in explicit methods that can convert kinetic energy into plastic deformation considering new materials, rupture of spotwelds, friction and many parameters that might affect the crash outcome. Specific topics that might be of interest for this special issue:

  • Impact in batteries.
  • Impact calibration for dummies, free form heads.
  • Material model calibration for different strain rates.
  • Mass scaling discussion for stable time step.
  • Stochastic simulations for impacts considering the bounds within legislation.
  • Legislation fulfilment.
  • Calibration of reduced tests.
  • Use of new materials for energy absorption.
  • Machine learning for crash management simulation.
  • CAD software, meshing software, solving and postprocessing.
  • Number of nodes and elements, quality criteria for mesh.
  • Boundary conditions.
  • Time step used.
  • Total simulated time.
  • CPU used to solve and time required.
  • Objectives in postprocessing related to legislation.

Dr. Andrés Amador Garcia-Granada
Prof. Dr. Hirpa G. Lemu
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Computation is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 1800 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • explicit crash
  • mass scaling
  • injury criteria
  • airbags
  • sled test
  • dummy
  • EuroNCAP
  • material models
  • shell theory
  • fracture
  • weld points
  • battery impact
  • energy

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

24 pages, 7924 KiB  
Article
Finite Element Analysis of Occupant Risk in Vehicular Impacts into Cluster Mailboxes
by Emre Palta, Lukasz Pachocki, Dawid Bruski, Qian Wang, Christopher Jaus and Howie Fang
Computation 2025, 13(1), 12; https://doi.org/10.3390/computation13010012 - 8 Jan 2025
Viewed by 666
Abstract
The deployment of cluster mailboxes (CMs) in the U.S. has raised safety concerns for passengers in potential vehicular crashes involving CMs. This study investigated the crashworthiness of two types of CMs through nonlinear finite element simulations. Two configurations of CM arrangements were considered: [...] Read more.
The deployment of cluster mailboxes (CMs) in the U.S. has raised safety concerns for passengers in potential vehicular crashes involving CMs. This study investigated the crashworthiness of two types of CMs through nonlinear finite element simulations. Two configurations of CM arrangements were considered: a single- and a dual-unit setup. These CM designs were tested on flat-road conditions with and without a curb. A 2010 Toyota Yaris and a 2006 Ford F250, both in compliance with the Manual for Assessing Safety Hardware (MASH), were employed in the analysis. The simulations incorporated airbag models, seatbelt restraint systems, and a Hybrid III 50th percentile adult male dummy. The investigations focused on evaluating the safety of vehicle occupants in 32 impact scenarios and under MASH Test Level 1 conditions (with an impact speed of 50 km/h). The simulation results provided insights into occupant risk and determined the primary failure mode of the CMs. No components of the mailboxes were found intruding into the vehicle’s occupant compartment. For all considered cases, the safety factors remained within allowable limits, indicating only a marginal risk of potential injury to occupants posed by the considered CMs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Crash Simulations: Modeling, Analysis, and Applications)
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21 pages, 7605 KiB  
Article
Additive Manufacturing Gyroid Structures Used as Crash Energy Management
by Horacio Rostro-González, Guillermo Reyes-Pozo, Josep Maria Puigoriol-Forcada, Francisco-José López-Valdés, Sriharsha Srinivas Sundarram and Andres-Amador Garcia-Granada
Computation 2024, 12(12), 248; https://doi.org/10.3390/computation12120248 - 19 Dec 2024
Viewed by 1216
Abstract
Gyroid-like structures are promising in terms of energy absorption levels. Due to additive manufacturing, they can now be manufactured and verified for different functions. In this article, it has been proven that a Gyroid manufactured by FDM using PLA with 0.2 relative density [...] Read more.
Gyroid-like structures are promising in terms of energy absorption levels. Due to additive manufacturing, they can now be manufactured and verified for different functions. In this article, it has been proven that a Gyroid manufactured by FDM using PLA with 0.2 relative density must be oriented so that compression takes place along the build direction to obtain higher levels of force and energy. The Gyroid can be scaled, allowing the use of a single compression curve with almost constant forces up to 50% compression. The model to predict properties as a function of relative density fits well with a power-law for n = 2.2. The ability of the Gyroid to absorb energy per kilogram is about seven times lower than that of a solid PLA cube, but it can be used to obtain desired levels of deceleration. It is possible to use a simple constant deceleration model to define the Gyroid size, mass, and velocity of the object to be impacted. The use of this approach allows the tailored combination of Gyroid sizes to meet multi-objective impact targets. The simulation of impacts with a finite element model of only 125 solid elements is possible with errors below 10%. By combining different Gyroid sizes, two different safety regulations can be met. Modeling the Gyroid by meshing the real geometry allows for the local maximum force magnified at high strain rates, but it is not able to correctly predict densification. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Crash Simulations: Modeling, Analysis, and Applications)
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20 pages, 7674 KiB  
Article
Numerical Modeling and Simulation of Vehicular Crashes into Three-Bar Metal Bridge Rail
by Howie Fang, Christopher Jaus, Qian Wang, Emre Palta, Lukasz Pachocki and Dawid Bruski
Computation 2024, 12(8), 165; https://doi.org/10.3390/computation12080165 - 17 Aug 2024
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1113
Abstract
Advanced finite element (FE) modeling and simulations were performed on vehicular crashes into a three-bar metal bridge rail (TMBR). The FE models of a sedan, a pickup truck, and a TMBR section were adopted in the crash simulations subject to Manual for Assessing [...] Read more.
Advanced finite element (FE) modeling and simulations were performed on vehicular crashes into a three-bar metal bridge rail (TMBR). The FE models of a sedan, a pickup truck, and a TMBR section were adopted in the crash simulations subject to Manual for Assessing Safety Hardware (MASH) Test Level 2 (TL-2) and Test Level 3 (TL-3) requirements. The test vehicle models were first validated using full-scale physical crash tests conducted on a two-bar metal bridge using a sedan and a pickup truck with similar overall physical properties and sizes to their respective vehicles used in the simulations. The validated vehicular models were then used to evaluate the crash performance of the TMBR using MASH evaluation criteria for structural adequacy, occupant risk, and post-impact trajectory. The TMBR met all MASH TL-2 requirements but failed to meet the MASH TL-3 Criteria H and N requirements when impacted by the sedan. The TMBR was also evaluated under in-service conditions (behind a 1.52 m wide sidewalk) and impacted by the sedan under MASH TL-3 conditions. The simulation results showed that the TMBR behind a sidewalk met all safety requirements except for the occupant impact velocity in the longitudinal direction, which exceeded the MASH limit by 3.93%. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Crash Simulations: Modeling, Analysis, and Applications)
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