Natural Antioxidants in Food and Nutraceuticals: Methodological Innovations, Bioavailability and Health Mechanisms

A topical collection in BioTech (ISSN 2673-6284). This collection belongs to the section "Industry, Agriculture and Food Biotechnology".

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Editor

Topical Collection Information

Dear Colleagues,

Oxidative processes underlie the deterioration of food products and the onset of several chronic diseases and aging-related dysfunctions. Natural antioxidants, such as polyphenols, carotenoids, and certain vitamins, are ubiquitous in plant foods and nutraceutical formulations. They exert multifunctional roles as free-radical scavengers and modulators of redox signaling, thus preventing oxidation in food systems and prolonging shelf life, but also supporting human health. However, the practical application of natural antioxidants is hampered by critical challenges. Firstly, accurate determination of antioxidant content and activity is hindered by methodological diversity: the broad array of in vitro assays often generate results that are non-comparable and insufficiently linked to human biology and physiological outcomes. Moreover, the bioavailability, metabolism, and modes of action of dietary antioxidants in vivo are complex. Evidence from human studies reveals that in vitro capacity does not always translate directly to in vivo outcomes, due in part to absorption, transformation, and interaction with endogenous defense systems. Recent advances, including high-resolution chromatographic techniques, mass spectrometry, electrochemical methods, and integrative omics approaches, are beginning to address these gaps by improving antioxidant determination, structural elucidation, and functional assessment. Nevertheless, the standardization of analytical protocols and data reporting remains critical to enhancing cross-study comparability and reproducibility.

In addition, there is growing global consumer demand for functional ingredients that deliver health benefits beyond basic nutrition, leading to rapid expansion of the nutraceutical sector. Emerging research highlights the therapeutic potential of antioxidant-rich nutraceuticals in modulating inflammatory responses, supporting cardiometabolic health, and managing autoimmune and age-related disorders. Nevertheless, the translation of these findings into effective and evidence-based applications is hindered by regulatory complexity, variable efficacy, and an incomplete understanding of dose–response relationships and inter-individual variability in response to intervention.

This Topical Collection aims to collect original articles and reviews addressing analytical, nutritional, and health-related aspects of natural antioxidants, as well as translational impact in natural antioxidant investigation. We welcome contributions that

-Advance quantitative, comparative, and mechanistic methods for determining antioxidants in complex food matrices and nutraceutical formulations, with particular attention paid to method validation and standardization;

-Elucidate the bioavailability and metabolism of natural antioxidants in human and model systems, as well as their biological effects;

-Explore structure–function relationships and modulation of molecular pathways relevant to health outcomes;

-Assess clinical, nutritional, and food-related technological implications of antioxidant intake, including safety, regulatory, and translational aspects, with a view to achieving evidence-based application.

Dr. Gregorio Peron
Collection Editor

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Keywords

  • antioxidants
  • oxidative stress
  • human health
  • antioxidant determination
  • bioavailability
  • functional foods
  • nutraceuticals
  • redox signaling

Published Papers (1 paper)

2026

22 pages, 4186 KB  
Article
Germination-Induced Variations in Proximate Composition, Phytochemical Profile and Antioxidant Activities of White Sesame Seeds: A Green Approach for Nutritional Modification
by Oneeza Anwar, Iahtisham-Ul-Haq, Ramiz Arif, Waqas Ahmed and Hafiz Ansar Rasul Suleria
BioTech 2026, 15(3), 60; https://doi.org/10.3390/biotech15030060 - 29 Jul 2026
Viewed by 422
Abstract
Germination is a cost-effective bioprocessing technique for enhancing seed properties such as sesame seeds, an underutilized seed crop. This research evaluates modifications in physicochemical and antioxidant activity of white sesame seeds (Sesamum indicum L.) influenced by germination. In this context, non-germinated seeds [...] Read more.
Germination is a cost-effective bioprocessing technique for enhancing seed properties such as sesame seeds, an underutilized seed crop. This research evaluates modifications in physicochemical and antioxidant activity of white sesame seeds (Sesamum indicum L.) influenced by germination. In this context, non-germinated seeds and germinated seeds at 24, 48, 72, 96, and 120 h were evaluated separately for their phytochemical profile, including TFC (aluminum chloride colorimetric method), TPC (Folin–Ciocalteu method) and antioxidant properties (DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging assays). Significant variations in the proximate composition, phytochemical densities, and antioxidant activities of white sesame seeds were observed as influenced by germination. The statistical analysis showed an increase in flavonoid content when germination was extended to 48 h, but a decline when extended beyond 48 h, whereas higher polyphenol quantities were observed in sesame seeds germinated for 96 and 120 h. The DPPH activity of germinated (24 h) sesame seed extracts was highest. In contrast, ABTS activity was higher in non-germinated seeds than in seeds germinated for 96 h, and it began to decline at 120 h. In general, a negative correlation between antioxidant activity and extended germination time (120 h) has been observed. For the incorporation of sesame seeds into functional food products, 48 h of germination appeared to have potential suitability for a favorable antioxidant and phytochemical profile. Full article
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