Thyroid Cancer: Molecular and Translational Aspects on Carcinogenesis and Treatment

A special issue of Biomedicines (ISSN 2227-9059). This special issue belongs to the section "Cancer Biology and Oncology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 28 February 2026 | Viewed by 913

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), Bethesda, MD, USA
Interests: thyroid cancer; metabolism; biomarkers; therapeutic strategies

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Thyroid cancer (TC) is one of the most prevalent endocrine cancers predominantly found in women. Most recently, thyroid cancer research has led to an improvement in elucidating the molecular mechanisms associated with the initiation and progression of the disease. Nevertheless, there is still an unmet need to test and develop novel therapeutic strategies to extend the survival rate of high-risk TC patients that have not responded to standard therapies.

This Special Issue will focus on the recent advancement in the molecular as well as the translational aspects in thyroid carcinogenesis and treatment options. We would be pleased to receive original research or review articles relevant to this area for this Special Issue from researchers and investigators. Preclinical/emerging/translational research that can identify novel diagnostics and therapeutic strategies would be pleasantly welcomed, and we look forward to your submissions.

Dr. Sonam Kumari
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • radioactive iodine (RAI) treatment
  • tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs)
  • biomarkers
  • radiolabeled peptides
  • diagnostic markers
  • molecular targets
  • metastatic progressive thyroid cancer
  • overcoming resistance
  • personalized therapies
  • tumor microenvironment

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

15 pages, 1384 KB  
Article
Differential Association of Serum TSH with Differentiated Thyroid Cancer Risk by Autoimmune Thyroiditis Status
by Lu Yu, Hanyu Wang, Xiao Chen, Yuhan Zhang, Jiaqi Liu, Yang Chen, Yuxin Yu, Siqi Wang, Yu Wang, Zixuan Wang, Lejing Xie and Hui Sun
Biomedicines 2025, 13(10), 2451; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines13102451 - 8 Oct 2025
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Abstract
Background: While elevated thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) is a known risk factor for differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC), it remains unclear whether autoimmune thyroiditis (AT) modifies this association. Clarifying this interaction is critical for personalized risk assessment and TSH suppression therapy. Methods: This [...] Read more.
Background: While elevated thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) is a known risk factor for differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC), it remains unclear whether autoimmune thyroiditis (AT) modifies this association. Clarifying this interaction is critical for personalized risk assessment and TSH suppression therapy. Methods: This study performed a retrospective analysis including 2425 participants who underwent thyroidectomy for thyroid nodules. Participants were categorized based on histological AT diagnosis and thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb) and thyroglobulin antibody (TgAb) levels. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to assess the association between thyroid parameters and DTC risk, stratified by AT and autoantibody status. Results: The prevalence of histological diagnosed AT, TgAb-positivity, and TPOAb-positivity among DTC patients was 31.58%, 13.68%, and 18.76%, respectively. An increase in one standard deviation in TSH, thyrotrophic thyroxine resistance index (TT4RI), and TSH index (TSHI) was associated with an elevated risk of DTC in euthyroid individuals without AT or positive thyroid autoantibodies. A positive and nonlinear association between TSH and DTC risk in euthyroid patients without AT was identified, with inflection points at TSH levels of 1.32 mIU/L. In subgroups characterized by concurrent AT, TgAb-positivity, or TPOAb-positivity, these thyroid parameters showed no statistically significant correlation with DTC risk. Conclusions: The association between TSH and DTC risk varies according to autoimmune thyroiditis status. These findings highlight the importance of considering thyroid autoimmunity in thyroid cancer risk assessment and warrant prospective evaluation to determine its potential implications for TSH suppressive therapy. Full article
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