Sepsis and Septic Shock: From Molecular Mechanism to Novel Therapies

A special issue of Biomedicines (ISSN 2227-9059). This special issue belongs to the section "Cell Biology and Pathology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 July 2024) | Viewed by 716

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Laboratoire Experimental des Soins Intensifs, Department of Intensive Care, Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1070 Brussels, Belgium
Interests: sepsis; cellular regulation

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Sepsis is defined as a life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to infection (either suspected or confirmed) and is a serious health issue with high morbidity and mortality despite years of research. There is still a lack of effective therapies apart from antibiotics and fluid resuscitation.

A better understanding of molecular mechanisms involved in sepsis can help identify new and specific biomarkers and targets for the diagnosis and treatment of sepsis. For example, histone, a DAMP released by NETosis and other cell death processes such as apoptosis, necroptosis, and pyroptosis, has been identified as having harmful effects in sepsis, including inducing endothelial dysfunction, coagulopathy, and barrier damage. New therapies are thus being developed to block histone signalling pathways or histone release and to neutralize its effects. A histone neutralization compound, mCBS, has been recently shown to have beneficial effects including decreased vasopressor use, reduced inflammation, and improved tissue perfusion in translational studies and ongoing clinical phase II efficacy trials.

This is a perfect example to show the link between molecular mechanisms and the development of novel therapies for sepsis. To shed more light on this field, we are launching a Special Issue "Sepsis and Septic Shock: From Molecular Mechanism to Novel Therapies". All studies and reviews related to sepsis mechanisms and therapeutic strategies are welcome.

Dr. Fuhong Su
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

  • sepsis
  • septic shock
  • molecular mechanisms
  • specific biomarkers
  • histone

Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

15 pages, 5814 KiB  
Article
Cerebral Endothelial CXCR2 Promotes Neutrophil Transmigration into Central Nervous System in LPS-Induced Septic Encephalopathy
by Fengjiao Wu, Yuhong Han, Qianqian Xiong, Haitao Tang, Jing Shi, Qingqing Yang, Xuemeng Li, Haoxuan Jia, Jun Qian, Yishu Dong, Tuantuan Li, Yong Gao, Zhongqing Qian, Hongtao Wang and Ting Wang
Biomedicines 2024, 12(7), 1536; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines12071536 - 11 Jul 2024
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Abstract
Septic encephalopathy (SE) represents a severe inflammatory syndrome linked to elevated septic mortality rates, lacking specific therapeutic interventions, and often resulting in enduring neurological sequelae. The present investigation endeavors to elucidate the involvement of C-X-C Motif Chemokine Receptor 2 (CXCR2) in the pathogenesis [...] Read more.
Septic encephalopathy (SE) represents a severe inflammatory syndrome linked to elevated septic mortality rates, lacking specific therapeutic interventions, and often resulting in enduring neurological sequelae. The present investigation endeavors to elucidate the involvement of C-X-C Motif Chemokine Receptor 2 (CXCR2) in the pathogenesis of SE and to explore the potential of CXCR2 modulation as a therapeutic avenue for SE. Employing a murine SE model induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) administration, CXCR2 knockout mice and the CXCR2 inhibitor SB225002 were utilized to assess neutrophil recruitment, endothelial integrity, and transendothelial migration. Our findings substantiate that either CXCR2 deficiency or its inhibition curtails neutrophil recruitment without impacting their adhesion to cerebral endothelial cells. This phenomenon is contingent upon endothelial CXCR2 expression rather than CXCR2’s presence on neutrophils. Furthermore, the CXCR2 blockade preserves the integrity of tight junction protein ZO-1 and mitigates F-actin stress fiber formation in cerebral endothelial cells following septic challenge. Mechanistically, CXCL1-mediated CXCR2 activation triggers cerebral endothelial actin contraction via Rho signaling, thereby facilitating neutrophil transmigration in SE. These observations advocate for the potential therapeutic efficacy of CXCR2 inhibition in managing SE. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sepsis and Septic Shock: From Molecular Mechanism to Novel Therapies)
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