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Biomedicines
Special Issues
Pathogenic Mechanism and Biosafety of Pathogenic Microorganisms
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Pathogenic Mechanism and Biosafety of Pathogenic Microorganisms

A special issue of Biomedicines (ISSN 2227-9059). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular and Translational Medicine".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2024) | Viewed by 6563

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Xia Cai

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
Interests: pathogenic microbial pathogenesis; biosafety

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The title of this Special Issue, “Pathogenic Mechanisms and Biosafety of Pathogenic Microorganisms”, refers to understanding how these organisms can cause diseases in humans, animals, and plants, as well as the safety measures that should be implemented to prevent their spread. This involves studying the molecular and cellular mechanisms that enable these microorganisms to infect hosts and cause disease. Additionally, researchers also need to focus on developing effective control measures, including the development of vaccines, antibiotics, and other treatments. Biosafety measures are also crucial to prevent the accidental or intentional release of these microorganisms, which could have devastating consequences for public health and the environment. Therefore, it is vital to continually investigate and understand the pathogenic mechanisms and biosafety of pathogenic microorganisms to mitigate the potential harm they may cause.

Dr. Xia Cai
Guest Editor

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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16 pages, 2423 KiB  
Article
DENV-1 Infection of Macrophages Induces Pyroptosis and Causes Changes in MicroRNA Expression Profiles
by Qinyi Zhang, Sicong Yu, Zhangnv Yang, Xingxing Wang, Jianhua Li, Lingxuan Su, Huijun Zhang, Xiuyu Lou, Haiyan Mao, Yi Sun, Lei Fang, Hao Yan and Yanjun Zhang
Biomedicines 2024, 12(12), 2752; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines12122752 - 30 Nov 2024
Viewed by 1135
Abstract
Background: Dengue virus (DENV) is the most widespread mosquito-borne virus, which can cause dengue fever with mild symptoms, or progress to fatal dengue hemorrhagic fever and dengue shock syndrome. As the main target cells of DENV, macrophages are responsible for the innate immune [...] Read more.
Background: Dengue virus (DENV) is the most widespread mosquito-borne virus, which can cause dengue fever with mild symptoms, or progress to fatal dengue hemorrhagic fever and dengue shock syndrome. As the main target cells of DENV, macrophages are responsible for the innate immune response against the virus. Methods: In this study, we investigated the role of pyroptosis in the pathogenic mechanism of dengue fever by examining the level of pyroptosis in DENV-1-infected macrophages and further screened differentially expressed microRNAs by high-throughput sequencing to predict microRNAs that could affect the pyroptosis of the macrophage. Results: Macrophages infected with DENV-1 were induced with decreased cell viability, decreased release of lactate dehydrogenase and IL-1β, activation of NLRP3 inflammasome and caspase-1, cleavage of GSDMD to produce an N-terminal fragment bound to cell membrane, and finally induced macrophage pyroptosis. MicroRNA expression profiles were obtained by sequencing macrophages from all periods of DENV-1 infection and comparing with the negative control. Sixty-three microRNAs differentially expressed in both the early and later stages of infection were also identified. In particular, miR-223-3p, miR-148a-3p, miR-125a-5p, miR-146a-5p and miR-34a-5p were recognized as small molecules that may be involved in the regulation of inflammation. Conclusions: In summary, this study aimed to understand the pathogenic mechanism of DENV through relevant molecular mechanisms and provide new targets for dengue-specific therapy. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Pathogenic Mechanism and Biosafety of Pathogenic Microorganisms)
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11 pages, 4845 KiB  
Article
Aedes aegypti Beta-1,3-Glucan-Binding Protein Inhibits Dengue and ZIKA Virus Replication
by Xiaoxue Xie, Di Wang, Bo Li, Guorui Liang, Xiaoli Chen, Dan Xing, Teng Zhao, Xinyu Zhou and Chunxiao Li
Biomedicines 2024, 12(1), 88; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines12010088 - 1 Jan 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2175
Abstract
GNBPB6, a beta-1,3-glucan-binding protein, was identified in the transcriptome of Aedes aegypti (A. aegypti) with dengue (DENV), Zika (ZIKV), and chikungunya viruses (CHIKV). In this study, we not only clarified that DENV2 and ZIKV regulate the changes in GNBPB6 expression but [...] Read more.
GNBPB6, a beta-1,3-glucan-binding protein, was identified in the transcriptome of Aedes aegypti (A. aegypti) with dengue (DENV), Zika (ZIKV), and chikungunya viruses (CHIKV). In this study, we not only clarified that DENV2 and ZIKV regulate the changes in GNBPB6 expression but also identified the relationship of this gene with viral infections. The changes in GNBPB6 expression were quantified and showed a decrease in A. aegypti cells (Aag2 cells) at 2 dpi and 3 dpi and an increase at 4 dpi and 5 dpi (p < 0.05). A significant increase was observed only at 5 dpi after DENV2 infection. Subsequently, a GNBPB6 knockout (KO) cell line was constructed using the CRISPR/Cas9 system, and the DENV2 and ZIKV RNA copies, along with cell densities, were quantified and compared between the KO and wild type (WT) cells at different dpi. The result showed that DENV2 and ZIKV RNA copies were significantly increased in the KO cell line with no significant change in cell growth. Finally, DENV2 copies decreased after GNBPB6 was complemented in the KO. In conclusion, GNBPB6 knockout and complementation in Aag2 cells revealed that GNBPB6 can inhibit the replication of both DENV2 and ZIKV. These results contribute to subsequent research on mosquito–virus interactions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Pathogenic Mechanism and Biosafety of Pathogenic Microorganisms)
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Review

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16 pages, 4556 KiB  
Review
In Vitro Culture of Human Norovirus in the Last 20 Years
by Chao Cheng, Xia Cai, Jingjing Li, Xiaomeng Zhang, Youhua Xie and Junqi Zhang
Biomedicines 2024, 12(11), 2442; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines12112442 - 24 Oct 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2615
Abstract
Human noroviruses (HuNoVs) are the main pathogens that cause acute gastroenteritis and lead to huge economic losses annually. Due to the lack of suitable culture systems, the pathogenesis of HuNoVs and the development of vaccines and drugs have progressed slowly. Although researchers have [...] Read more.
Human noroviruses (HuNoVs) are the main pathogens that cause acute gastroenteritis and lead to huge economic losses annually. Due to the lack of suitable culture systems, the pathogenesis of HuNoVs and the development of vaccines and drugs have progressed slowly. Although researchers have employed various methods to culture HuNoVs in vitro in the last century, problems relating to the irreducibility, low viral titer, and non-infectiousness of the progeny virus should not be ignored. In 2016, researchers achieved the cultivation and successive passaging of some HuNoV genotypes using human intestinal enteroids, initially demonstrating the potential use of organoids in overcoming this challenge. This paper reviews the efforts made in the last 20 years to culture HuNoVs in vitro and discusses the superiority and limitations of employing human intestinal enteroids/organoids as an in vitro culture model for HuNoVs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Pathogenic Mechanism and Biosafety of Pathogenic Microorganisms)
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