Iron Metabolism Rewiring and Ferroptosis to Trigger Drug Resistance in Human Cancers

A special issue of Biomedicines (ISSN 2227-9059). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular and Translational Medicine".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 May 2025) | Viewed by 2757

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, "Magna Graecia" University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
Interests: ferroptosis; iron metabolism; cancer stem cells; tumor spheroids

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide. Drug resistance continues to be the most significant challenge in cancer today. Currently, the chemotherapeutic approach for many tumor types relies on platinum-containing agents that kill cancer cells by triggering apoptosis. However, cancer cells can be apoptosis-defective, thus leading to chemoresistance. Developing novel therapeutic strategies represents a major goal of cancer research.

Cancer cells show the so-called “iron-addicted” phenotype, characterized by a marked iron uptake and a weak iron efflux, which may represent a metabolic determinant of ferroptosis sensitivity. Ferroptosis is a type of programmed cell death driven by the iron-dependent accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) to detrimental levels. Many signaling pathways are involved in this process, including the increase in intracellular iron, which increases the levels of ROS and leads to severe membrane lipid peroxidation; the repression of the cystine-glutamate antiporter (system Xc-); the inactivation of the antioxidant glutathione-dependent peroxidase 4 (GPX4); and the degradation of ferritin meditated by NCOA4 via ferritinophagy. Ferroptosis induction has shown promising antitumor effects in cancer cells, but the existence of undefined genetic and metabolic determinants of susceptibility has so far limited the application of ferroptosis inducers in vivo. In summary, our aim is to provide readers with novel insights into ferroptosis in cancer. This Special Issue will cover the following topics:

  • Ferroptosis as an alternative strategy to target apoptosis-resistant cancer cells;
  • Characterization of genetic and metabolic determinants of susceptibility in ferroptosis-resistant cancer cells;
  • Identification of new hallmarks of ferroptosis in cancer;
  • Application of novel iron-based compounds as an alternative therapeutic approach to induce ferroptosis in cancer.

Dr. Anna Martina Battaglia
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • ferroptosis
  • iron metabolism
  • reactive oxygen species
  • resistance mechanisms
  • iron compound
  • ferroptosis inducer

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

19 pages, 3182 KiB  
Article
Deferasirox’s Anti-Chemoresistance and Anti-Metastatic Effect on Non-Small Cell Lung Carcinoma
by Yamixa Delgado, Anamaris Torres-Sanchez, Daraishka Perez, Grace Torres, Sthephanie Estrada, Natalia Ortiz Alvelo, Jaisy Vega, Laurie Santos, Aracelis Torres, Bismark A. Madera and Yancy Ferrer-Acosta
Biomedicines 2024, 12(10), 2272; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines12102272 - 7 Oct 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2349
Abstract
Clinically approved iron chelators, originally designed to address iron overload disorders, have emerged as potential anticancer agents. Deferasirox (Def), a tridentate iron chelator, has demonstrated antiproliferative effects in cancer. Background/Objectives: This study aims to elucidate the mechanism of action of Def and [...] Read more.
Clinically approved iron chelators, originally designed to address iron overload disorders, have emerged as potential anticancer agents. Deferasirox (Def), a tridentate iron chelator, has demonstrated antiproliferative effects in cancer. Background/Objectives: This study aims to elucidate the mechanism of action of Def and its impact on non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). Methods: NSCLC A549 cells were treated with Def to assess cytotoxicity, the effect on nuclear and mitochondrial pathways, and iron-containing proteins and genes to evaluate anti-metastasis and chemoresistance. A lung carcinoma mouse model was used for in vivo studies. Results: Our findings revealed that Def induced cytotoxicity, effectively chelated intracellular iron, and triggered apoptosis through the increase in phosphatidylserine externalization and caspase 3 activity. Additionally, Def caused G0/G1 cell cycle arrest by downregulating the ribonucleotide reductase catalytic subunit. Furthermore, Def perturbed mitochondrial function by promoting the production of reactive oxygen species and the inhibition of glutathione as a measurement of ferroptosis activation. Def demonstrated inhibitory effects on cell migration in scratch assays, which was supported by the upregulation of n-myc downstream-regulated gene 1 and downregulation of the epidermal growth factor receptor protein. Also, Def downregulated one of the main markers of chemoresistance, the ABCB1 gene. In vivo experiments using a lung carcinoma mouse model showed that Def treatment did not affect the animal’s body weight and showed a significant decrease in tumor growth. Conclusions: This investigation lays the groundwork for unraveling Def action’s molecular targets and mechanisms in lung carcinoma, particularly within iron-related pathways, pointing out its anti-metastasis and anti-chemoresistance effect. Full article
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