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Biomedicines
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Understanding Chronic Neurological Diseases: Pathophysiology, Biomarkers, and Therapeutic Approaches
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Understanding Chronic Neurological Diseases: Pathophysiology, Biomarkers, and Therapeutic Approaches

A special issue of Biomedicines (ISSN 2227-9059). This special issue belongs to the section "Neurobiology and Clinical Neuroscience".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 September 2024) | Viewed by 3428

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Tanveer Singh

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 60801, USA
Interests: epilepsy; status epilepticus; MRI; EEG; inhibitory neurotransmission; immunohistochemistry; gene regulation; neurodegeneration; precision medicine
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

"Understanding Chronic Neurological Diseases: Pathophysiology, Biomarkers, and Therapeutic Approaches" is a Special Issue that delves into the intricate nature of chronic neurological diseases, probing the latest advancements in understanding their pathophysiology, identifying biomarkers crucial for diagnosis and prognosis, and progressing with innovative treatment strategies/methodologies. Chronic neurological diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and epilepsy pose significant challenges to patients, caregivers, and healthcare professionals worldwide. This issue covers a wide range of topics related to the understanding of different disease mechanisms, the identification of biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis, and the development of innovative treatment strategies.

The Special Issue begins by examining the intricate pathophysiological mechanisms that underlie chronic neurological diseases. By unraveling the molecular and cellular processes involved in disease development and progression, researchers gain invaluable insights into potential therapeutic targets and intervention strategies. This foundational understanding forms the basis of subsequent discussions regarding biomarkers and treatment approaches.

The identification of reliable biomarkers is a crucial aspect of managing chronic neurological diseases. Biomarkers provide objective measures that aid in accurate diagnosis, disease monitoring, and prognostic assessment. This Special Issue explores various types of biomarkers, including genetic markers, imaging markers, cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers, and blood-based biomarkers. These biomarkers hold great potential for improving diagnostic accuracy, predicting disease progression, and assessing treatment response, thereby enabling personalized and targeted therapeutic interventions.

The Special Issue also highlights the development of innovative treatment strategies for chronic neurological diseases. Researchers and clinicians are continuously exploring pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions in order to slow disease progression, alleviate symptoms, and improve patients' quality of life. The issue showcases emerging approaches such as gene therapy, immunotherapy, stem cell therapy, and neurostimulation techniques, which offer promising avenues for more effective and personalized treatments.

Personalized medicine is a key theme emphasized in the Special Issue. The recognition that each patient is unique in terms of genetic makeup, biomarker profiles, and disease subtypes highlights the importance of individualized treatment strategies. By considering these personalized factors, clinicians can optimize treatment efficacy, minimize adverse effects, and improve overall patient outcomes.

In summary, "Understanding Chronic Neurological Diseases: Pathophysiology, Biomarkers, and Therapeutic Approaches" is a Special Issue addressing the complexities of chronic neurological diseases. By exploring pathophysiology, biomarkers, and treatment strategies, this issue aims to enhance our understanding of these conditions, paving the way for improved diagnosis, management, and therapeutic interventions. The insights and advancements presented in this Special Issue contribute to the global efforts in combating chronic neurological diseases and improving the lives of affected individuals.

Dr. Tanveer Singh
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Biomedicines is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • chronic neurological diseases
  • pathophysiology
  • biomarkers
  • novel therapeutic approaches

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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14 pages, 1525 KiB  
Article
Survival Determinants in Glioblastoma: An Insight into Biopsy-Only Patient Outcomes
by João Meira Gonçalves, Francisca Ferreira, Bruno Carvalho, Patrícia Polónia and Paulo Linhares
Biomedicines 2024, 12(10), 2327; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines12102327 - 13 Oct 2024
Viewed by 1602
Abstract
Background: Glioblastoma is a challenge in neuro-oncology, with survival significantly influenced mainly by the extent of resection and molecular markers. Despite advancements, the prognosis for IDH-wildtype glioblastoma remains poor, particularly when surgical resection is not possible. However, some patients exhibit unexpectedly extended survival [...] Read more.
Background: Glioblastoma is a challenge in neuro-oncology, with survival significantly influenced mainly by the extent of resection and molecular markers. Despite advancements, the prognosis for IDH-wildtype glioblastoma remains poor, particularly when surgical resection is not possible. However, some patients exhibit unexpectedly extended survival despite the extent of resection. This study aims to analyze the determinants that contribute to these atypical survival rates among glioblastoma patients who have had solely biopsy procedures. Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of patients diagnosed with IDH-wildtype glioblastomas at our institution from 2017 to 2021, who underwent biopsy only. This study focused on evaluating the impact of demographic characteristics, clinical features, molecular markers, and treatment modalities on survival outcomes (overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS)). Statistical analyses included survival analysis and logistic regression for evaluating associations between OS and pre-operative characteristics and post-operative treatments. Results: The cohort included 99 patients, with a median age at diagnosis of 65.5 years. Median OS and PFS were 6.0 and 3.6 months, respectively. The multivariate analysis revealed that higher Karnofsky Performance Status (KPS) scores before biopsy, no contrast uptake on imaging, and any adjuvant therapy, particularly the use of bevacizumab, were independently associated to increased OS (HR = 0.97, p = 0.009. HR = 0.7, p = 0.015; HR = 0.27, p = 0.002, respectively). Out of 99 patients, 77.8% survived past the 3-month threshold, with 87.0% of this receiving adjuvant treatment. Only 8% of patients survived past 24 months, and in this group of patients, MGMT methylation was observed in just 25% of cases. Kaplan–Meier analysis indicated a better prognosis with any type of adjuvant therapy across all patients, particularly so in those with KPS ≥ 70. Age did not significantly affect survival outcomes (OR = 1.00, p = 0.835). Conclusion: Our findings reveal that any adjuvant treatment (whether chemotherapy and radiotherapy combined, chemotherapy alone, or bevacizumab), no contrast uptake on imaging, and higher pre-operative KPS are key determinants of survival in IDH-wildtype glioblastoma and should therefore be considered when deciding whether to perform a biopsy. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Understanding Chronic Neurological Diseases: Pathophysiology, Biomarkers, and Therapeutic Approaches)
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22 pages, 2938 KiB  
Article
Candidate Key Proteins in Tinnitus—A Bioinformatic Study of Synaptic Transmission in the Cochlear Nucleus
by Johann Gross, Marlies Knipper and Birgit Mazurek
Biomedicines 2024, 12(7), 1615; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines12071615 - 19 Jul 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1423
Abstract
The aim of this study was to identify key proteins of synaptic transmission in the cochlear nucleus (CN) that are involved in normal hearing, acoustic stimulation, and tinnitus. A gene list was compiled from the GeneCards database using the keywords “synaptic transmission” AND [...] Read more.
The aim of this study was to identify key proteins of synaptic transmission in the cochlear nucleus (CN) that are involved in normal hearing, acoustic stimulation, and tinnitus. A gene list was compiled from the GeneCards database using the keywords “synaptic transmission” AND “tinnitus” AND “cochlear nucleus” (Tin). For comparison, two gene lists with the keywords “auditory perception” (AP) AND “acoustic stimulation” (AcouStim) were built. The STRING protein–protein interaction (PPI) network and the Cytoscape data analyzer were used to identify the top two high-degree proteins (HDPs) and their high-score interaction proteins (HSIPs), together referred to as key proteins. The top1 key proteins of the Tin-process were BDNF, NTRK1, NTRK3, and NTF3; the top2 key proteins are FOS, JUN, CREB1, EGR1, MAPK1, and MAPK3. Highly significant GO terms in CN in tinnitus were “RNA polymerase II transcription factor complex”, “late endosome”, cellular response to cadmium ion”, “cellular response to reactive oxygen species”, and “nerve growth factor signaling pathway”, indicating changes in vesicle and cell homeostasis. In contrast to the spiral ganglion, where important changes in tinnitus are characterized by processes at the level of cells, important biological changes in the CN take place at the level of synapses and transcription. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Understanding Chronic Neurological Diseases: Pathophysiology, Biomarkers, and Therapeutic Approaches)
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