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Biomedicines
Special Issues
Immune Cell Reprogramming: Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Approaches
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Immune Cell Reprogramming: Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Approaches

A special issue of Biomedicines (ISSN 2227-9059). This special issue belongs to the section "Immunology and Immunotherapy".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 28 February 2026 | Viewed by 1048

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Santarsiero Anna

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Guest Editor
Department of Health Sciences, University of Basilicata, 85100 Potenza, Italy
Interests: macrophage activation; immunometabolism; gene expression; transcriptional regulation; epigenetics; cell signaling
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Vittoria Infantino

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Guest Editor
Department of Health Sciences, University of Basilicata, 85100 Potenza, Italy
Interests: macrophage activation; immunometabolism; gene expression; transcriptional regulation; epigenetics; cell signaling; mitochondria
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Paolo Convertini

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Guest Editor
Department of Basic and Applied Science, University of Basilicata, 85100 Potenza, Italy
Interests: macrophage activation; immunometabolism; transcriptional regulation; post-transcriptional regulation; miRNA; splicing mechanisms; liver
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Immune cell function is tightly linked to cellular metabolism, with metabolic reprogramming now recognized as a central driver—not merely a consequence—of both innate and adaptive immune responses in health and disease. Key metabolic pathways, such as glycolysis, oxidative phosphorylation, and fatty acid oxidation, influence not only energy production but also gene expression, signaling, and epigenetic modifications, ultimately shaping the phenotypes of immune cells. Moreover, metabolic intermediates generated through these pathways can act as immunomodulators, further impacting immune function. The disruption of immune–metabolic interactions contributes to chronic inflammation, a defining feature of many metabolic disorders, such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, cancer, and autoimmune diseases.

For this Special Issue, we invite researchers to contribute their valuable work, whether in the form of original research or review articles, on the mechanistic underpinnings and translational potential of immune cell reprogramming, Topics of interest include signaling networks, metabolic pathways, gene expression regulation, and epigenetic modulation, as well as innovative therapeutic strategies such as immunostimulation and targeted modulation of immunometabolic circuits.

Dr. Santarsiero Anna
Dr. Vittoria Infantino
Dr. Paolo Convertini
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 250 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for assessment.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Biomedicines is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • immune cell reprogramming
  • immunometabolism
  • macrophage activation
  • gene expression regulation
  • cell signaling
  • innate immunity
  • adaptive immunity
  • metabolic disorders
  • chronic inflammation
  • targeted therapies

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

19 pages, 8252 KB  
Article
A Thymus-Independent Artificial Organoid System Supports Complete Thymopoiesis from Rhesus Macaque-Derived Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells
by Callie Wilde, Saleem Anwar, Yu-Tim Yau, Sunil Badve, Yesim Gökmen-Polar, John D. Roback, Rama Rao Amara, R. Paul Johnson and Sheikh Abdul Rahman
Biomedicines 2025, 13(11), 2692; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines13112692 - 1 Nov 2025
Viewed by 900
Abstract
Background: T cell regeneration in the thymus is intrinsically linked to the T cell-biased lineage differentiation of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs). Although nonhuman primates (NHPs) serve as indispensable models for studying thymic output under physiological and pathological conditions, a non-animal technology [...] Read more.
Background: T cell regeneration in the thymus is intrinsically linked to the T cell-biased lineage differentiation of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs). Although nonhuman primates (NHPs) serve as indispensable models for studying thymic output under physiological and pathological conditions, a non-animal technology facilitating efficient TCR-selected T cell development and evaluating T cell output from NHP-derived HSPCs has been lacking. To address this gap, we established a rhesus macaque-specific artificial thymic organoid (RhATO) modeling primary thymus-tissue-free thymopoiesis. Methods: The RhATO was developed by expressing Rhesus macaque (RM) Delta-like Notch ligand 1 in mouse bone marrow stromal cell line (MS5-RhDLL1). The bone marrow-derived HSPCs were aggregated with MS5-RhDLL1 and cultured forming 3D artificial thymic organoids. These organoids were maintained under defined cytokine conditions to support complete T cell developmental ontogeny. T cell developmental progression was assessed by flow cytometry, and TCR-selected subsets were analyzed for phenotypic and functional properties. Results: RhATOs recapitulated the complete spectrum of thymopoietic events, including emergence of thymus-seeding progenitors, CD4+CD3− immature single-positive and CD4+CD8+ double-positive early thymocytes, and mature CD4+ or CD8+ single-positive subsets. These subsets expressed CD38, consistent with the recent thymic emigrant phenotype, and closely mirrored canonical T cell ontogeny described in humans. RhATO-derived T cells were TCR-selected and demonstrated cytokine expression upon stimulation. Conclusions: This study provides the first demonstration of an NHP-specific artificial thymic technology that faithfully models thymopoiesis. RhATO represents a versatile ex vivo platform for studying T cell development, immunopathogenesis, and generating TCR selected T cells. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Immune Cell Reprogramming: Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Approaches)
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