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Biomedicines
Special Issues
Virotherapy and Gene Therapy in Cancer
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Virotherapy and Gene Therapy in Cancer

A special issue of Biomedicines (ISSN 2227-9059). This special issue belongs to the section "Gene and Cell Therapy".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 May 2024) | Viewed by 5990

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Bolni Marius Nagalo

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
Interests: immunovirotherapy; gene therapy; cost-effective immunotherapy; combination radiation therapy and immunovirotherapy

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Recent advancements in oncolytic viral therapy and gene therapy for cancer have shown great potential for improving the survival rates and quality of life of cancer patients. Clinical studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of OVs for various types of cancer. Repurposing drugs that have already been approved for other purposes and combining multiple anti-cancer drugs, including OVs, immune checkpoint inhibitors, tumor-treating fields and radiation therapy at suboptimal doses are potential strategies for quickly providing new cancer treatments. Gene therapy is another promising field, involving the delivery of therapeutic genes into cancer cells. Combining oncolytic viral therapy and gene therapy has the potential to revolutionize cancer treatment by developing personalized therapies tailored to individual genetic profiles. The future of these fields is bright, and continued research is encouraged to advance knowledge and improve cancer treatment.

We are excited to announce that our journal is currently accepting original research articles and reviews on a range of topics related to cancer treatment. We cordially invite you to submit your high-quality research articles on any of the following topics:

  1. Oncolytic and immunomodulatory activity of live attenuated viral vaccines;
  2. In situ vaccination of immunovirotherapy;
  3. Radiation therapy combined with oncolytic viral therapy;
  4. Oncolytic virus design and engineering;
  5. Viral delivery of therapeutic proteins;
  6. Cancer gene therapy;
  7. Minimally invasive Cancer imaging using viral vectors;
  8. Oncolytic virus delivery;
  9. Systemic immunovirotherapy combined with immune checkpoint inhibitors;
  10. Combination natural products and oncolytic viruses;
  11. Targeting the stroma in Cancer;
  12. Metastases targeting;
  13. Combination therapies;
  14. Combination of cellular therapy and oncolytic viral therapies.

Dr. Bolni Marius Nagalo
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Biomedicines is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • immunovirotherapy
  • cancer gene therapy
  • radiation therapy
  • natural products
  • stroma in cancer

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Further information on MDPI's Special Issue policies can be found here.

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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16 pages, 4345 KiB  
Article
Simultaneous Expression of Different Therapeutic Genes by Infection with Multiple Oncolytic HSV-1 Vectors
by Adriana Vitiello, Alberto Reale, Valeria Conciatori, Anna Vicco, Alfredo Garzino-Demo, Giorgio Palù, Cristina Parolin, Jens von Einem and Arianna Calistri
Biomedicines 2024, 12(7), 1577; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines12071577 - 16 Jul 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1395
Abstract
Oncolytic viruses (OVs) are anti-cancer therapeutics combining the selective killing of cancer cells with the triggering of an anti-tumoral immune response. The latter effect can be improved by arming OVs with immunomodulatory factors. Due to the heterogeneity of cancer and the tumor microenvironment, [...] Read more.
Oncolytic viruses (OVs) are anti-cancer therapeutics combining the selective killing of cancer cells with the triggering of an anti-tumoral immune response. The latter effect can be improved by arming OVs with immunomodulatory factors. Due to the heterogeneity of cancer and the tumor microenvironment, it is anticipated that strategies based on the co-expression of multiple therapeutic molecules that interfere with different features of the target malignancy will be more effective than mono-therapies. Here, we show that (i) the simultaneous expression of different proteins in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells can be achieved through their infection with a combination of OVs based on herpes simplex virus type 1 (oHSV1), each encoding a single transgene. (ii) The level of expressed proteins is dependent on the number of infectious viral particles utilized to challenge tumor cells. (iii) All recombinant viruses exhibited comparable efficacy in the killing of TNBC cells in single and multiple infections and showed similar kinetics of replication. Overall, our results suggest that a strategy based on co-infection with a panel of oHSV1s may represent a promising combinatorial therapeutic approach for TNBC, as well as for other types of solid tumors, that merits further investigation in more advanced in vitro and in vivo models. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Virotherapy and Gene Therapy in Cancer)
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Review

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19 pages, 2235 KiB  
Review
Enhancing Neoadjuvant Virotherapy’s Effectiveness by Targeting Stroma to Improve Resectability in Pancreatic Cancer
by Khandoker Usran Ferdous, Mulu Z. Tesfay, Aleksandra Cios, Randal S. Shelton, Conner Hartupee, Alicja Urbaniak, Jean Christopher Chamcheu, Michail N. Mavros, Emmanouil Giorgakis, Bahaa Mustafa, Camila C. Simoes, Isabelle R. Miousse, Alexei G. Basnakian, Omeed Moaven, Steven R. Post, Martin J. Cannon, Thomas Kelly and Bolni Marius Nagalo
Biomedicines 2024, 12(7), 1596; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines12071596 - 18 Jul 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2176
Abstract
About one-fourth of patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) are categorized as borderline resectable (BR) or locally advanced (LA). Chemotherapy and radiation therapy have not yielded the anticipated outcomes in curing patients with BR/LA PDAC. The surgical resection of these tumors presents challenges [...] Read more.
About one-fourth of patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) are categorized as borderline resectable (BR) or locally advanced (LA). Chemotherapy and radiation therapy have not yielded the anticipated outcomes in curing patients with BR/LA PDAC. The surgical resection of these tumors presents challenges owing to the unpredictability of the resection margin, involvement of vasculature with the tumor, the likelihood of occult metastasis, a higher ratio of positive lymph nodes, and the relatively larger size of tumor nodules. Oncolytic virotherapy has shown promising activity in preclinical PDAC models. Unfortunately, the desmoplastic stroma within the PDAC tumor microenvironment establishes a barrier, hindering the infiltration of oncolytic viruses and various therapeutic drugs—such as antibodies, adoptive cell therapy agents, and chemotherapeutic agents—in reaching the tumor site. Recently, a growing emphasis has been placed on targeting major acellular components of tumor stroma, such as hyaluronic acid and collagen, to enhance drug penetration. Oncolytic viruses can be engineered to express proteolytic enzymes that cleave hyaluronic acid and collagen into smaller polypeptides, thereby softening the desmoplastic stroma, ultimately leading to increased viral distribution along with increased oncolysis and subsequent tumor size regression. This approach may offer new possibilities to improve the resectability of patients diagnosed with BR and LA PDAC. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Virotherapy and Gene Therapy in Cancer)
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Other

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7 pages, 574 KiB  
Brief Report
Long-Term Follow-Up of Phase I Trial of Oncolytic Adenovirus-Mediated Cytotoxic and Interleukin-12 Gene Therapy for Treatment of Metastatic Pancreatic Cancer
by Aseem Rai Bhatnagar, Farzan Siddiqui, Gazala Khan, Robert Pompa, David Kwon and Shyam Nyati
Biomedicines 2024, 12(5), 1065; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines12051065 - 11 May 2024
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1732
Abstract
The long-term follow-up findings of the phase I trial evaluating the efficacy of oncolytic adenovirus-mediated cytotoxic and interleukin-12 gene therapy in metastatic pancreatic cancer (mPC) seem very promising. The study employed a replication-competent Adenovector in combination with chemotherapy in a dose-escalation format. The [...] Read more.
The long-term follow-up findings of the phase I trial evaluating the efficacy of oncolytic adenovirus-mediated cytotoxic and interleukin-12 gene therapy in metastatic pancreatic cancer (mPC) seem very promising. The study employed a replication-competent Adenovector in combination with chemotherapy in a dose-escalation format. The trial demonstrated a clinically meaningful median overall survival (OS) benefit, with patients in the highest dose cohort exhibiting an impressive median OS of 18.4 months. This contrasts starkly with patients receiving lower doses who experienced a median OS of 4.8 and 3.5 months, respectively. Remarkably, subject number 10, who received the highest dose, demonstrated an extraordinary survival of 59.1 months, presenting a compelling case for further exploration. Additionally, this patient displayed complete responses in lung and liver metastases, a rare occurrence in mPC treatment. Statistical analyses supported the observed survival benefit. The unprecedented OS results emphasize the potential of this treatment strategy and pave the way for future investigations into this promising gene therapy approach. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Virotherapy and Gene Therapy in Cancer)
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