Multiple Sclerosis: Diagnosis and Treatment—3rd Edition

Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue is the third volume of our previous Special Issue “Multiple Sclerosis: Diagnosis and Treatment”. Multiple Sclerosis (MS), an inflammatory demyelinating disease of the CNS, has acquired world-wide recognition with its increasing global prevalence, including populations previously considered not to be commonly affected. Genetics and environmental factors play a determining role in its pathogenesis. Notable progress has been accomplished in diagnostic criteria (which evolve continuously) as well as therapeutic advances. In fact, in less than three decades, more therapies with diverse mechanisms of action (MOAs) for relapsing and progressive MS have been developed for MS than for any other neurological disorder. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), the golden tool for diagnosis, is essential for monitoring the evolution of the disease and the response to therapy. Advanced MR techniques are being investigated in MS to be translated into clinical applications and machine learning to improve diagnostic sensitivity. Other aspects requiring special attention are the role of intestinal microbiota and the immunologic mechanisms present in MS.   

Despite this progress, substantial challenges have arisen, including the need for differential diagnosis with respect to other major inflammatory/demyelinating disorders that have been identified relatively recently (totally different in mechanism and management), such as neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) and anti-MOG syndromes, and the role of environment and epigenetic factors in the mechanism of MS. A common clinical manifestation affecting all forms of the disease is the presence of cognitive dysfunction requiring special attention, identification and management. This constitutes the most common cause of employment disability affecting young individuals with MS.  

We cordially invite authors and investigators within this complex field of universal interest to submit original research or review articles pertaining to this Special Issue. Studies and opinions on risk factors related to the development of the disease, molecular aspects of its pathogenesis, diagnostic intricacies despite current criteria, and the status of disease-modifying therapies’ effects in the Radiologically Isolated Syndrome (RIS), prodromic, relapsing and progressive forms of MS, and what is foreseen on the horizon are welcome, including management of pediatric demyelinating disease and in the aging individual.

Prof. Dr. Víctor M. Rivera
Guest Editor

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• multiple sclerosis
• pathogenesis
• progressive MS
• MRI
• disease-modifying therapies
• demyelinating disorders
• cognitive dysfunction
• intestinal microbiota

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