Fertility and Reproductive Health: Understanding of Reproductive Physiology and Pathology

A special issue of Biomedicines (ISSN 2227-9059). This special issue belongs to the section "Gene and Cell Therapy".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 28 February 2026 | Viewed by 1737

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
Interests: female and male infertility; gamete and embryo ultrastructure; reproductive morphology; fertility preservation

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Guest Editor
Department of Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, 14186 Stockholm, Sweden
Interests: female fertility; ovarian aging; 3D ovarian models; human ovaries

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Human fertility and reproductive health are essential aspects of overall well-being, governed by highly regulated biological processes. Disruptions in these processes can result in subfertility or infertility, which continue to present significant clinical and social challenges worldwide. Advances in molecular, cellular, and systemic reproductive biology, coupled with state-of-the-art technologies in imaging, genomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics, have provided unprecedented insights into gametogenesis, fertilization, embryo development, and implantation. These developments have enabled the detailed characterization of reproductive cells and tissues and unveiled novel regulatory mechanisms governing oocyte competence, sperm function, and embryo quality.

This Special Issue aims to bridge fundamental reproductive biology with translational and clinical research. We invite submissions covering a broad spectrum of topics including the molecular and ultrastructural regulation of gamete maturation—with particular emphasis on ultrastructural investigations that elucidate the fine cellular architecture and organelle dynamics of gametes and embryos, providing critical insights into their developmental competence and quality—meiotic control, gamete and embryo bioenergetics, and the effects of aging, metabolic disorders, as well as environmental factors on fertility. Studies exploring embryo–endometrium crosstalk and mechanisms underlying endometrial receptivity in both natural and assisted conception cycles are also encouraged.

Key consideration is afforded to innovations in assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs), encompassing advances in in vitro maturation, cryopreservation, embryo culture systems, and non-invasive embryo evaluation techniques. Mechanistic studies identifying biomarkers predictive of reproductive competence and pathological conditions are especially welcome. Furthermore, research addressing fertility preservation in the context of gonadotoxic exposures is of growing relevance, highlighting the need for integrative approaches that consider long-term reproductive health in patient management.

By integrating experimental, omics-driven, and clinical investigations, this Special Issue seeks to advance our understanding of reproductive physiology and pathology. The overarching goal is to foster innovations in diagnostics, therapeutic strategies, and fertility preservation that improve reproductive outcomes and enhance the quality of life of patients facing diverse reproductive challenges.

Dr. Sevastiani Antonouli
Dr. Valentina Di Nisio
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

  • female infertility
  • male infertility
  • oocyte quality
  • embryo implantation
  • follicular dynamics
  • gamete and embryo ultrastructure
  • assisted reproduction technologies
  • reproductive aging
  • fertility preservation
  • oncofertility challenges

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Review

16 pages, 360 KB  
Review
The ART of Embryo Selection: A Review of Methods to Rank the Most Competent Embryo(s) for Transfer to Optimize IVF Success
by Naiya Amin, Karen Kteily, Stacy Deniz, Mehrnoosh Faghih, Megan F. Karnis, Shilpa Amin and Michael S. Neal
Biomedicines 2025, 13(11), 2766; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines13112766 - 12 Nov 2025
Viewed by 1464
Abstract
Within the field of assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs), embryologists regularly face the critical task of identifying embryos with the highest likelihood of implantation and survival. To help aid and standardize this practice, many embryo selection strategies have been developed to give the best [...] Read more.
Within the field of assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs), embryologists regularly face the critical task of identifying embryos with the highest likelihood of implantation and survival. To help aid and standardize this practice, many embryo selection strategies have been developed to give the best chance of pregnancy success. Over the years, there has been a large increase in experimental studies conducted within this area of research. This increase has allowed for the formation of significant and plausible theories of embryo development, especially in cases where the most prominent factors seem identical. These advancements have both expanded the typical process of traditional treatments and have even paved the way for new techniques. The exact combination of all these relevant factors has not been fully elucidated into a single all-encompassing scheme for embryo decision. Morphological, genetic, and developmental indicators are well-studied individually, but the exact methods that should be prioritized in each scenario may change with respect to an individual patient. Deciding whether factors like age, egg quality, lifestyle choices, or previous medical history should alter methods of embryo ranking can result in conflict, especially in the case where a choice is being made between two similar embryos. This article reviews the conventional methods along with emerging technologies that provide the tools for embryologists to evaluate and rank embryos with high implantation potential (HIP). By showcasing these methods, including their respective benefits and drawbacks, this article provides information to allow clinicians to make effective decisions by integrating multiple approaches to embryo selection. Full article
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