Psychological Trauma and Resilience in Children and Adolescents

A special issue of Behavioral Sciences (ISSN 2076-328X).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 15 March 2026 | Viewed by 2468

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Psychology Research Centre (CIP and University Research Centre in Psychology (CUIP)), Department of Psychology, Universidade Autónoma de Lisboa Luís de Camões, Palácio Dos Condes Do Redondo, R. de Santa Marta 56, 1169-023 Lisbon, Portugal
Interests: language and psychology; second language learning; trauma in displaced persons; violence and abuse in refugees and asylum seekers; neuropsychology and animal behavior; literary studies; didactics; technology applied to education; chronobiology

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Psychology Research Centre, Department of Psychology, Universidade Autónoma de Lisboa Luís de Camões, Palácio Dos Condes Do Redondo, R. de Santa Marta 56, 1169-023 Lisbon, Portugal
Interests: social sciences; youth; psychology; relationships; family

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Trauma and resilience in children can be investigated through multiple avenues in both research and clinical practice. The etiology of trauma significantly influences approaches. One increasingly prevalent cause is forced migration, encompassing immigration, asylum seeking, and refugee displacement. Children and young adolescents from these backgrounds face a heightened risk of traumatic experiences and are more likely to develop Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). This topic remains largely unexplored in both scientific research and among healthcare providers. The asylum-seeking population is not systematically assessed for trauma (neither for motivation nor attitudes toward host country in regard to culture, social norms, language, and native peers, nor in workplaces and schools in the receiving countries) related to either the asylum process or pre-migration experiences upon entering host countries. Thus, the increasing need to host refugees and asylum seekers from diverse origins presents urgent challenges that remain unaddressed in their destination countries, particularly in the area of the assessment of PTSD and regarding a motivated and well-driven inclusion strategy. As global displacement continues to rise, destination countries are confronted with urgent and complex challenges, particularly regarding the assessment of PTSD and the development of inclusive, evidence-based integration policies.

This Special Issue invites empirical and theoretical contributions, including comprehensive literature reviews and meta-analyses, that advance the understanding of diagnostic methods and assessments for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) in children and adolescents. Submissions should focus on the tools, protocols, and criteria employed in PTSD diagnosis within pediatric populations. Relevant topics may include the current landscape of diagnostic practices, the influence of inclusion policies on children’s social integration and acculturation, and family perceptions of trauma and subsequent care pathways. This is not limited to trauma and resilience (in children) originating from forced mobility. With a multidisciplinary approach that draws input from the psychological, social work, public health, and education field, this Special Issue encourages submissions from less heard voices, for example, in terms of geography, minority status, or service users’ perspectives.

Dr. Sandra Figueiredo
Dr. Genta Kulari
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • trauma
  • resilience
  • PTSD
  • migrant
  • social integration
  • social acculturation

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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17 pages, 370 KB  
Article
Psychological Adjustment and Dark Triad Traits in Adolescents Living in Residential Care: A Comparative Study Between Boys and Girls
by Ana Simão and Cristina Nunes
Behav. Sci. 2026, 16(1), 37; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs16010037 - 24 Dec 2025
Viewed by 531
Abstract
Young people in residential care settings tend to present a heightened risk of emotional and behavioral problems. This study intended to explore connections between Dark Triad personality traits and psychological adjustment and to investigate potential sex and age differences in psychological adjustment and [...] Read more.
Young people in residential care settings tend to present a heightened risk of emotional and behavioral problems. This study intended to explore connections between Dark Triad personality traits and psychological adjustment and to investigate potential sex and age differences in psychological adjustment and the expression of Dark Triad traits. Primary data were collected from a sample of 511 youth (279 girls and 232 boys) aged between 12 and 24 years, living in 46 Portuguese residential care institutions. Self-report questionnaires (Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, Short Dark Triad) were used to collect the primary data. Statistical methods were used such as analysis of variance, multivariate analysis of variance, and hierarchical regression analysis. Results showed that boys scored higher in all Dark Triad traits and in behavioral problems. Younger participants scored higher in Machiavellianism and Psychopathy, in emotional and behavioral problems, and in hyperactivity/inattention difficulties. These results could help institutional professionals and social policies assess and delineate individual programs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Psychological Trauma and Resilience in Children and Adolescents)
11 pages, 207 KB  
Article
Trauma, Emotional Neglect, and Developmental Vulnerability in Children: Evidence from Albania
by Anila Sulstarova, Blerta Bodinaku, Skerdi Zahaj, Gerda Sula and Greta Hysi
Behav. Sci. 2025, 15(12), 1608; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs15121608 - 21 Nov 2025
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 698
Abstract
Background: Children in Albania and the wider Balkan region are often exposed to subtle yet persistent forms of emotional absence, parentification, and silencing. These relational harms are culturally normalized and rarely identified as neglect, but they create significant developmental vulnerabilities and increase the [...] Read more.
Background: Children in Albania and the wider Balkan region are often exposed to subtle yet persistent forms of emotional absence, parentification, and silencing. These relational harms are culturally normalized and rarely identified as neglect, but they create significant developmental vulnerabilities and increase the risk of exploitation, including trafficking. Methods: This qualitative study involved 30 participants, including 16 frontline professionals (psychologists, social workers, and legal staff) and 14 survivors of trafficking. Data were collected through semi-structured, trauma-informed interviews and focus groups between December 2024 and March 2025. Reflexive thematic analysis was applied to identify emotional and relational patterns contributing to vulnerability, with attention to cultural contexts and gendered dynamics. Results: Three interrelated themes were identified: (1) emotional absence: children adapt to caregivers’ physical presence but emotional unavailability, leading to self-effacement and diminished entitlement to care; (2) parentification: children assume emotional caregiving roles, often regulating parents’ wellbeing; and (3) silencing: emotional expression becomes equated with shame or punishment, producing long-term relational invisibility. Conclusions: Early relational harms describe developmental conditions that may heighten susceptibility. Prevention and intervention should integrate attachment-based family assessments, early childhood screening, trauma-informed training for professionals, and culturally adapted approaches to break cycles of invisible harm and strengthen children’s emotional safety. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Psychological Trauma and Resilience in Children and Adolescents)

Other

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29 pages, 830 KB  
Systematic Review
Self-Perception of Children and Adolescents’ Refugees with Trauma: A Qualitative Meta-Synthesis of the Literature
by Genta Kulari and Sandra Figueiredo
Behav. Sci. 2025, 15(12), 1647; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs15121647 - 30 Nov 2025
Viewed by 662
Abstract
Refugee children and adolescents face significant psychological and social challenges, especially in camps or during post-resettlement. We conducted a meta-synthesis of 24 qualitative studies including 870 participants aged 3–19 to explore how they perceive trauma, considering gender, age, and unaccompanied status. Thematic analysis [...] Read more.
Refugee children and adolescents face significant psychological and social challenges, especially in camps or during post-resettlement. We conducted a meta-synthesis of 24 qualitative studies including 870 participants aged 3–19 to explore how they perceive trauma, considering gender, age, and unaccompanied status. Thematic analysis identified five core themes: (1) mental health perceptions, showing reluctance to disclose distress due to stigma and cultural norms; (2) stigma regarding refugee status, reflecting societal prejudice and barriers to integration; (3) desire to belong, including social withdrawal, family cohesion, and religious coping; (4) gender-specific needs, with girls facing early marriage, safety threats, and psychosocial vulnerability; and (5) discrimination from host communities, including verbal, physical, and institutional exclusion. Participants reported pervasive emotional distress, identity conflicts, somatic symptoms, and disrupted social relationships. The findings highlight the complex, multi-layered impact of forced displacement. Thematic analysis proved effective for capturing lived experiences, coping strategies, and contextual influences. These results underscore the urgent need for culturally sensitive, trauma-informed interventions addressing mental health, social support, and protective factors to promote the well-being and integration of refugee minors. The scarcity of research in high-risk camp and detention settings underscores the importance of qualitative inquiry to inform culturally grounded, multi-level psychosocial support. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Psychological Trauma and Resilience in Children and Adolescents)
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